高中英語北師大版選擇性必修一UNIT 3 Period 2　Lesson 1　The Sixth Extinction-Reading Comprehension

Period2Lesson1TheSixthExtinction—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配單詞(請把單詞和其對應的英語解釋連線)1．speciesA．tobecomesmallerinsizeornumber2．massB．tobringbackasituationorfeelingthatexistedbefore3．variedC．atriskofnolongerexisting4．decreaseD．asetofanimalsorplantsthathavethesamecharacteristics5．endangered

E．ofmanydifferenttypes6．restoreF．alargeamountorquantityofsth答案1.D2.F3.E4.A5.C6.BⅡ.選詞填空eq\x(dieout，betoblame，beatrisk，wipeout，inshort)1．Whodoyouthinkaretoblameforthecaraccidentlastnight?2．Aswecansee，manyspeciesarequicklydyingoutbecauseoftheextremeclimate.3．Thefashionablegirlwillbeatriskofafatalheartattackifshedoesn’tputonweight.4．Formostparents，children’ssmilecanwipeoutallthetiredfeelingsafteraday’swork.5．Inshort，agoodandharmoniousfamilyatmosphereisbeneficialtothehealthygrowthofchildrenbothphysicallyandmentally.Activity1Fast-readingformainideas1．Readthepassagequicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.1A．Humanactivitycausesspeciestodieoutfaster.Para.2B．Howdoweavoidasixthmassextinction?Para.3C．Extinctionsinhistoryandthereasons.Para.4D．Thepossibleconsequencesofthesixthmassextinction.答案Para.1CPara.2APara.3DPara.4B2．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?ExtinctionsarenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.Butwehumanscantakeactiontostopdestroyingtheplanetweliveontoavoidasixthextinction.Activity2Careful-readingfordetailsⅠ.Readparagraph1anddothefollowingexercises.1．Readthefirstparagraphandfillintheblanks.(1)Meaningofextinction：Extinctionsarewhereentirespeciesarewipedout，whicharenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.(2)Thenumberofextinctionsthathaveoccurredsofar：Inthepast500millionyears，therehavebeenfivetimesextinctions，inwhichover90%ofallspeciesthateverlivedarenowextinct.(3)Twonotableextinctionsandtheirconsequences：thethirdmassextinction，knownasthe“GreatDying”，whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies；thefifthevent，whichoccurred66millionyearsago，causedthedeathofthedinosaurs.(4)WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthecausesforthelastfiveextinctions?A．Globalwarming.B．Volcaniceruptions.C．Humanactivity.D．Thedecreaseoftheoxygencontentofthesea.答案C2．WhichwritingmethodisNOTusedinthisparagraph?A．Givingdata.B．Analyzingcauseandeffect.C．Makingcomparison.D．Arranginginthetimeorder.答案D3．Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth’ssixthmassextinction.Thistimehumanactivitywillbetoblame.答案Manyscientistsholdtheideathatweareabouttogothroughthesixthextinctionwhichhumanactivityshouldberesponsiblefor.Ⅱ.Readparagraph2anddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatdidscientistsfindoutin2015?答案Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.2．Whatarethereasonswhysomanyspeciesaredyingout?答案Thereasonsarevaried，suchasairandwaterpollution，forestsbeingdestroyed，factoryfarmingandoverfishing.3．Whichsentenceinthisparagraphcanreplacethefollowingone?WhatisobviousisthatourhumanactivityhashadanegativeinfluenceonallotherspeciesonEarth，suchasanimalsandplants.答案ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth，includinganimalsandplants.Ⅲ.Readparagraph3anddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatwouldhappenifasixthmassextinctionoccurs?·Upto(1)threequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.·Humanswouldalsobe(2)atriskofdyingout，becauseourworldandlivesdependon(3)thebalanceinnature.2．Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.Withoutforests，wewouldhavenoairtobreathe，andwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.答案Iftherewerenoforests，wewouldnotbreathe；iftherewerenocleanwater，wewoulddie.Ⅳ.Readparagraph4anddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．CallonpeopletoprotecttheEarth.B．Blamepeoplefordestroyingtheenvironment.C．Urgethegovernmenttotakeaction.D．Warnthepublictoreducetheirdestructivebehaviour.答案A2．Whatshouldwedotoprotecttheearth?·takestepstosave(1)endangeredspecies·changethewaywe(2)workandtravelbyusingcleaner，morenaturalsourcesofenergy·improvefarmingmethodsto(3)reducewater，airandlandpollution3．Whatrhetoricaldevices(修辭手法)doestheauthoruseinthisparagraph?A．Metaphor(暗喻)．B．Personification(擬人)．C．Overstatement(夸張)．D．Parallelconstruction(排比)．答案DⅤ.ReadtheCaseStudyanddothefollowingexercises.1．Whatdidpeopledotoprotectblackrobins?·Wildlifeworkersbegan(1)aprogrammeforraisingblackrobinchicks.·They(2)protectedOldBlue’seggs，helpedthemto(3)hatchandtookcareoftheir(4)chicks.·They(5)restoredtheirhabitatsand(6)removedsmallanimalsthathuntthemfromtheislandswheretheylive.2．Whatistheeffectoftheirefforts?In1980Therewereonly(1)5blackrobinsleftintheworld，onlyoneofwhichwasableto(2)layeggs.NowTherearemorethan(3)250blackrobinsandthe(4)populationisstillspreading.3.WhichclaimdidtheCaseStudysupportinthetext?A．Humanscandowhatevertheywant.B．Theblackrobinsaresuccessfullysavedfromextinction.C．Itishumanactivitythathasaffectedthespeciesnegatively.D．It’snevertoolatetotakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment.答案DActivity1SummaryExtinctions，whereentirespeciesarewipedout，arenotunusualinourEarth’shistory.Infact，over90percentofallspecies1.thateverlivedarenowextinct.Inthelast500millionyears，there2.havebeen(be)fivetimeswhenlifeonEarthhasalmostended,3.including(include)thethirdmassextinction，knownasthe“GreatDying”．Thereasonsforextinctionsare4.varied/various(vary)．ManyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth’ssixthmassextinction.Thistime，humanactivitywillbe5.toblame(blame)．A2015studybyscientistsfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000times6.faster(fast)thannormal.7.WhatisclearisthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth，includinganimalsandplants.Ifasixthmassextinction8.occurs(occur)，scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieoutandwewouldalsobe9.atriskofdyingout.Inshort，ifwewanttosurvive，weneedtostop10.destroying(destroy)theplanetthatweliveonandstarttoprotectit.Activity2Analyzethecomplexsentences1．Theseincludethethirdmassextinction，knownasthe“GreatDying”，whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.[句式分析]此句是主從復合句。which引導非限制性定語從句；knownasthe“GreatDying”是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾先行詞extinction，相當于定語從句。[自主翻譯]這其中包括稱為“大滅絕”的第三次滅絕，那期間90%至96%的物種滅亡了。2．Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally，therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern.[句式分析]此句是主從復合句。Although引導讓步狀語從句；主句中包含一個由“介詞＋which”引導的定語從句，其先行詞是rate。[自主翻譯]雖然物種的自然滅絕并不罕見，但現在滅絕的速度讓人擔憂。3．ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth，includinganimalsandplants.[句式分析]此句是主從復合句。that引導主語從句；It作形式主語。[自主翻譯]顯然，人類活動對地球上所有其他物種產生了負面影響，包括動物和植物。4．Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs，scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.[句式分析]此句是主從復合句。If引導條件狀語從句；主句中的who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞scientists；that引導賓語從句，作謂語動詞believe的賓語。[自主翻譯]研究該問題的科學家們相信，如果發(fā)生第六次滅絕，地球上多達四分之三的物種有可能滅絕。5．Thiswouldmeanwehavetosignificantlychangethewaywelive.[句式分析]此句是主從復合句。mean后是省略that的賓語從句；welive是定語從句，其先行詞是theway，省略了引導詞that/inwhich。[自主翻譯]這意味著我們必須極大地改變我們的生活方式。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAcompanyinSanFrancisco，California，hasfoundawaytoturnusedplasticbottlesintowomen’sshoes.Everyday，millionsofAmericansdrinkwaterandotherliquidsfromplasticbottles.Morethan60millionofthemarethrownawayeachday.Manyoftheplasticbottlesendupinlandfillsorareburnedwithotherwasteproducts.ASanFranciscostart-upcompanycalledRothy’s，however，turnsthisplasticwasteintoenvironmentallyfriendlyshoes.RothMartinisthecompany’sco-founder.Heexplainshowtheyturnplasticintosoftmaterialforwomen’sfeet.Theytaketheplastic，cleanit，andbreakitdownintosmallpieces.Thentheypressthemthroughadevicethatmakessoftfibers.Thosefibersarethencombinedtogether.Thisisdonebya3Dmachine.Itisdesignedtoreducewastewhilemakingtheshoes.Theknittedstuffandtheinnerpartoftheshoearethenattachedtotheshoe’souterpart，calledthesole(鞋底)．Thisoutersoleisalsomadefromenvironmentallyfriendlymaterial：responsiblysourcedno-carbonrubber.Rothy’sshoesaresoldonline.Theyareflatshoes，witheitheraroundedorpointedtoe.Theycomeindifferentcolorsanddesigns.Theycosteither$125or$145perpair，dependingonthedesign.AfterAmericanactressGwynethPaltrowdiscoveredthemlastyear，thedemandfortheshoesgrew.Martinsaysthereisnoshortageofmaterialtofillthatdemand.“We’renotgoingtorunoutofwaterbottlesanytimesoon.Sowehavealimitlesssupplyofmaterial，andIthinkthatisagoodsignforourfuture.”Whentheenvironmentallyfriendlyshoeswearout，customerscanreturnthematnocosttoacompanythatusestherecycledmaterialstomakeotherproducts.Fornow，theshoesareonlyavailabletobeshippedintheUnitedStates.However，thecompanysaysitwilladdinternationalshippinginthenearfuture.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一種回收塑料垃圾的新方法。1．Howareusedplasticbottlesusuallydealtwith?A．Theyareburiedorburned.B．Theyareusedtomakeshoes.C．Theyarechangedintosoftmaterial.D．Theyarereturnedtofactoriesforreuse.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段最后一句可知，廢棄塑料瓶的處理方法是被掩埋或焚燒。故選A。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“knitted”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Attached. B．Fixed.C．Combined. D．Repaired.答案C解析詞義猜測題。根據第三段中“Thosefibersarethencombinedtogether.”以及“Theknittedstuffandtheinnerpartoftheshoearethenattachedtotheshoe’souterpart”可知，theknittedstuff就是指“結合在一起的纖維”，由此可以猜測knitted的意思應與combined意思一致。故選C。3．WhichofthefollowingdirectlyhelpedtoincreasethesalesofRothy’sshoes?A．Thedesignandcolor.B．Thereasonableprice.C．Thecompany’sadvertisement.D．ThestarpowerofGwynethPaltrow.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段第五句可知，在美國女演員GwynethPaltrow穿過這種鞋子后，需求量大增。即GwynethPaltrow的明星魅力直接導致Rothy的鞋子銷量大增。故選D。4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toadvertiseanewkindofshoes.B．Todescribetheprocessofmakingshoes.C．Tointroduceanewwayofrecyclingplasticwaste.D．Tostresstheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.答案C解析寫作意圖題。根據第一段及全文內容可知，本文是為了介紹一種回收塑料垃圾的新方法。故選C。B(2023·湖北四地七校高二上期中聯考)ZhuDejun’sfirstjobaftergraduatingfromcollegewasasaroaddesignengineerataninstituteinhishometown，AlashanLeague，NorthChina’sInnerMongoliaautonomousregion.In2011，whenZhuwasconductingaroadsurveyalongwithhiscolleagues，hesawaplantthathedidn’trecognize.Later，Zhulearnedthattheplantwasasaxaultreewhichisanexcellenttreespeciesforsandfixationandafforestation(造林)indesertareas.It’scommonlyseen，thougheasilyignored.Knownasadesertguardian，afullygrownsaxaultreecanholdtogethera10-square-meterpatchofdesertland，accordingtoZhu.Zhuquithisjobatthedesigninstitutein2014andjoinedanonprofitorganization，theSocietyofEntrepreneursandEcologyConservation，orSEE，inthesameyear，concentratingontacklingdesertification.Theorganization，devotedtoecologicalprotectionandsocialresponsibility，waslocatedintheAlashanLeagueofInnerMongolia.Duringthepasteightyears，ZhuhasbeenleadingateamfromSEEtoplantsaxaultreesinsandyareasinAlashanLeagueandotherplacesofInnerMongolia.In2014，theSEElaunchedaprojecttitled“onehundredmillionsaxaultrees”，aimingtoreachthatnumberfrom2014to2023，turningthedesertofmorethan133,330hectaresbackintoasatisfyingecosystem.Bytheendof2018，halfoftheorganization’sgoalhadbeenachieved.In2016，AntFinancecooperatedwithSEEtointroducetheAntForestplatform，notonlyencouragingpeopletochoose“alow-carbonway”ofshopping，travelingandliving，butalsotohelpcontroldesertification.Throughtheparticipationofagreaternumberofonlineusers，whogrowvirtualtrees，theSEEFoundation，setupin2008，hasbeenprovidingsubsidies(補助金)forlocalherdsmenandfarmerswhilealsoofferingtechnologicalsupporttoplantsaxaultreesindesertareas.Now，Zhuistheheadofthefoundation’sprojecttofightdesertification.Healsogiveslecturesaboutsaxaultreesandthefightagainstdesertificationatschools，hopingtoraiseawarenessamongyoungpeople.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了朱德軍以及他的同事們種植梭梭樹，努力對抗沙漠化，保護環(huán)境的故事。5．WhatdidZhuDejundofirstaftergraduation?A．Heresearchedonsaxaultrees.B．Hejoinedanonprofitorganization.C．Hefoundwaystofightdesertification.D．Hefocusedonroaddesignengineering.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段第一句中的“ZhuDejun’sfirstjobaftergraduatingfromcollegewasasaroaddesignengineerataninstitute”可知，朱德軍畢業(yè)后做的第一份工作是道路設計工程師。6．WhyaresaxaultreesplantedbyZhu’steam?A．Theyareeasilytakencareof.B．Theycangrowfastindeserts.C．Theyareperfectforholdingwater.D．Theycanfightdesertificationeffectively.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據文章第一段中的“theplantwasasaxaultree...canholdtogethera10-square-meterpatchofdesertland”可知，梭梭樹是幫助固沙造林的樹種，可以有效地防治沙漠化。7．WhatdidSEEdotocontroldesertification?A．TheyteamedupwithAntFinance.B．Theyplantedonehundredmillionsaxaultrees.C．Theyheldonlinelecturesondesertification.D．Theyencourageddonationfromonlineusers.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第五段內容可知，SEE與螞蟻金融合作發(fā)起了螞蟻森林平臺來控制沙漠化。8．HowcanonlineusershelpZhu’steam?A．Byprovidingsubsidies.B．Byraisingawareness.C．Byplantingtreesonline.D．Byofferingtechnologicalsupport.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段第一句“Throughtheparticipationofagreaternumberofonlineusers，whogrowvirtualtrees”可知，網絡用戶可以在網上種植虛擬樹來參與保護活動。Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·浙江A9協(xié)作體高二上期中聯考)Itwasacold，rainyday，andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn’shouse.Butshe1thatIcometoseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.SohereIwas，2makingthetwo-hourjourneythroughthickfog.Nothingcouldbeworththis，IthoughtasI3alongthedangeroushighway.Turningdownanarrowtrack，we4andgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblack-greenevergreens(常青樹)5overus.Gradually，thepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebeganto6mymind.ThenweturnedacornerandstoppedatthetopofthemountainandIwasentirelyheldin7.Thereacrossfieldsandvalleyswereriversoffully-openedyellowflowersfromthelightonetothemostbrilliant.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverand8themountainsideingold.9occurredtomymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty？How？When？Asweapproachedthehousethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty，wesawa10thatread：“AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking.”Thefirstanswerwas：“OneWoman—TwoHands，TwoFeetandVeryLittleBrain.”Thesecondwas：“11ataTime.”Thethird：“Startedin1958.”Aswedrovehome，IwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthatIcould12speak.“Shechangedtheworld，”Ifinallysaid，“onesmallplantatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago，probablyjustthe13ofanidea，butshekeptatit.”Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego.“Imagine，”Isaid，“ifI’dhadadreamand14it，justalittlebiteveryday，whatmightIhaveaccomplished？”Carolynlookedatmesideways，smiling.“Starttomorrow，”shesaid，“15yet，starttoday.”語篇解讀本文為記敘文。作者跟女兒來到山頂，看到滿山的鮮花，作者被眼前的景色驚呆了。得知這是一位女士多年努力的結果，作者感受頗深：如果我有一個夢想，并為之努力，每天努力一點，我會取得什么樣的成就呢？1．A.asked B．commandedC．insisted D．predicted答案C解析ask問；command命令；insist堅持；predict預測。根據上文的“...Ihadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadto...”和空格前的“But”可知，是女兒的堅持才讓作者跟女兒去山頂。故選C項。2．A.unwillingly B．undoubtedlyC．unknowingly D．unexpectedly答案A解析unwillingly不情愿地；undoubtedly毫無疑問地；unknowingly不知不覺地；unexpectedly出乎意料地。根據下文的“Nothingcouldbeworththis，IthoughtasIalongthedangeroushighway.”可知，作者是不情愿來這兒的。故選A項。3．A.walked B．inchedC．wandered D．fled答案B解析walk步行；inch緩慢移動；wander游蕩；flee逃離。根據下文的“thedangeroushighway”可知，作者在這條危險的路上開得很慢。故選B項。4．A.pulledover B．steppeddownC．lookedup D．turnedoff答案A解析pullover靠邊停車；stepdown走下；lookup抬起頭來；turnoff關閉。根據下文的“gotout”可知，作者把車停下了。故選A項。5．A.greeted B．flowedC．reached D．towered答案D解析greet打招呼；flow流動；reach到達；tower高于。根據句意和下文的“overus”可知，這些樹是高聳在作者和女兒的頭頂上。故選D項。6．A.admit B．fillC．control D．read答案B解析admit承認；fill填充；control控制；read讀取。根據句意和空格后的“mymind”可知，此處是指這個地方的平靜和寂靜開始充斥著作者的腦海。故選B項。7．A.amazement B．curiosityC．amusement D．confusion答案A解析amazement驚訝；curiosity好奇心；amusement娛樂；confusion混亂。根據下一句“Thereacrossfieldsandvalleyswereriversoffully-openedyellowflowersfromthelightonetothemostbrilliant.”可知，作者被這兒的景色驚呆了。故選A項。8．A.pushed B．movedC．swung D．bathed答案D解析push推動；move移動；swing擺動；bath沐浴。根據上文的“tippedover”和下文的“ingold”可知，此處指山坡被籠罩在陽光里。故選D項。9．A.Doubts B．IdeasC．Questions D．Requests答案C解析doubt疑問；idea想法；question問題；request請求。根據下文的“Whocreatedsuchbeauty？How？When？”可知，作者的腦海中出現了一些問題。故選C項。10．A.signal B．symbolC．symptom D．sign答案D解析signal信號；symbol符號；symptom癥狀；sign標牌。根據空格后的“...thatread：‘AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking.’”可知，此處說的應該是標牌上的內容。故選D項。11．A.Each B．SomeC．One D．That答案C解析each每個；some一些；one一個；that那個。根據下一段的“onesmallplantatatime”可知，此處指的是每次種一棵。故選C項。12．A.surely B．barelyC．mostly D．instantly答案B解析surely當然；barely幾乎不；mostly主要地；instantly立即。根據上文的“Aswedrovehome，Iwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthat...”可知，此處指的是作者感動得幾乎說不出話來。故選B項。13．A.beginning B．intentionC．ending D．absence答案A解析beginning開始；intention意圖；ending結束；absence缺席。根據句意和句中的“started”以及“keptatit”可知，此處指的是可能開始只是一個想法，但她堅持了下來。故選A項。14．A.setoff B．workedoutC．setdown D．workedat答案D解析setoff出發(fā)；workout制定；setdown放下；workat致力于。句中的“it”指的是上文的“dream”，workatthedream指的是為夢想而努力。故選D項。15．A.Later B．Better