Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures不定式做定語(yǔ)課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版

datasignatureConclusionUnit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringUsefulStructures非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

動(dòng)詞不定式todo過(guò)去分詞(done)現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞(doing)

Review：我們學(xué)哪些成分或詞性做定語(yǔ)？acleverboyswimmingpoolpollutedwater一個(gè)二中的學(xué)生一個(gè)聰明的男孩游泳池被污染的水形容詞doingdoneHehasasonwhoworksasateacher.他有一個(gè)做老師的兒子定語(yǔ)從句Ihaveawishtogotouniversity我有一個(gè)上大學(xué)的愿望不定式作定語(yǔ)1.Wemustfindapersontodothework.2.Therearelotsofinterestingthingstosee.3.Theygottheordertoleavethecity.4.Thatgirlhasnothing

toworryabout觀察領(lǐng)悟：·動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在名詞或代詞_____（前/后），常翻譯為....的，往往表示___________(已發(fā)生/未發(fā)生)?！と舨欢ㄊ絼?dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，則該動(dòng)詞必須與____詞連用(如4)

不定式（todo）作定語(yǔ)后未發(fā)生介Withsomuchhomework__________(finish),hewillhavenotimetoattendtheparty.tofinishTherabbithasanewhouse_________

A.livingB.toliveC.toliveinD.livedC動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)的情況1.當(dāng)被修飾的名詞是抽象名詞

ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire........（一些表示企圖、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意義的名詞）1.Hehastheabilityanddesire

to

dousefulwork．

他有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。2.Thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecourage

to

facethechallenge．多虧了你的鼓勵(lì)，我最終有了迎接挑戰(zhàn)的勇氣。動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)的情況2.當(dāng)被修飾的名詞前有theonly,thenext,以及由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞Shewasthefirstwomanto

winthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames．她是第一位在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得金牌的女性。3.當(dāng)被修飾的詞為something,nothing,anything等不定代詞1.Doyouhaveanything_________?2.Iwanttogetsomething_________.你還有什么事情要說(shuō)嗎？我想拿點(diǎn)東西吃tosaytoeatSummarytodo作為定語(yǔ)

1放在被修飾名詞后面2常表示未發(fā)生動(dòng)作

3普通名詞常被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)修飾

4抽象名詞常：dream,desire

......5被修飾詞為不定代詞：something,nothing,anything等鞏固練習(xí)1.Heisalwaysthe_______________________(第一個(gè)來(lái)的人)and___________________(最后一個(gè)走）2.Thenexttrain_____wasfromShenzhen.A.arriveB.toarriveC.arrivingD.arrivedthefirstpersontocomethelastonetoleaveBinfinitiveasadverbial不定式（todo）作狀語(yǔ)目的

原因結(jié)果2.Infinitives

asadverbials

1.To

keep

up

withothers,theintelligentyoungmanhasbeenworkingveryhard．

為了趕上別人，這個(gè)聰明的年輕人一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)。2.In

order

to

help

him,wewilldoeverythingwecan.

3.Sheaskedmetodrivehertotheairportso

as

to

catchtheplane

為了趕上飛機(jī)，她讓我開車把她送到機(jī)場(chǎng)。為了幫助他，

我們將盡我們所能。觀察領(lǐng)悟：·動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)表目的可放在______________。

常用結(jié)構(gòu)：todo;inordertodo,soastodo........句首或句末1作目的狀語(yǔ)2作原因狀語(yǔ)1.I'mdisappointedto

hear

youlackthepatience．聽說(shuō)你缺乏耐心（原因），我很失望。2.Ifso,youmaybesurprisedto

learnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter．如果這樣的話，可能會(huì)很驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)圖書館已經(jīng)變得更好了（原因）。觀察領(lǐng)悟：

不定式作原因多用于“sb＋be＋__________________”此類形容詞有happy,sorry,glad,excited,disappointed等adj.＋todo...datasignatureConclusion1.作___________:例句：那樣做是很幼稚的.Toactlikethatischildish.=ItischildishtoactlikethatTomakesuchamistakeisfoolish.=___________________________________________Thefunctionsoftheinfinitive為避免句子出現(xiàn)“頭重腳輕”現(xiàn)象，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，將真正主語(yǔ)的不定式后置。從而構(gòu)成以下結(jié)構(gòu)：It+be+adj./n.+todosth.。主語(yǔ)Itisfoolishtomakesuchamistake.2.作___________:例句：IwishtolearnEnglishwell.IliketohelpothersifIcan.Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.賓語(yǔ)常接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,bother,care,choose,continue,dare,decide,demand,expect,fail,hate,hope,learn,long,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,prove,refuse,want,wish等.當(dāng)不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)后面接有賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把不定式賓語(yǔ)放后面。Ifinditnecessarytogeteverythingreadyintime.我覺得及時(shí)把一切都準(zhǔn)備好是必要的。datasignatureConclusion注意以下幾組詞的區(qū)別：(1)rememberdoing/todo(2)forgetdoing/todo(3)meandoing/todo意味著……/打算做

(4)regretdoing/tod0(5)stopdoing/todoTomwaswatchingTV.Butwhenhisfathergothome,he

stoppedtodohishomework.datasignatureConclusion3.作___________:例句：Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.賓補(bǔ)帶to的不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask,beg,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect,permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach,等.注意：在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,下列動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)省略to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have使役動(dòng)詞)“兩聽”(hear,listento)“一感覺”(feel)。Whomadehimworkallnightlong?Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Don’tmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.但是,改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后,應(yīng)補(bǔ)出省略的to。五看三室（使）兩廳（聽）一感覺例句：He

wasseento

breakthewindow.練習(xí)：Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.（變被動(dòng)態(tài)）___________________________________________________________練習(xí)：Imadehimdohiswork___________________________________________________________但是,改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后,應(yīng)補(bǔ)出省略的to。Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).datasignatureConclusion4.作___________:例句：Myambitionistobecomeadoctor.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。表語(yǔ)Hisjobtolookafterthehorses.Ourgoaltobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.isis不定式在句中的功能：（一）作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)，一般放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudent

tocometoschool.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

只能用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)的情況例：1.Pleasemakeaneffort

tocatchthebus.2.Hemadeapromise

tocomehereontimetomorrow.1.當(dāng)修飾的名詞是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish…（一些表示企圖、努力、愿望、打算、能力

等意義的名詞）“todo”asattributive1.

Ihavenodesiretowrite..2.

TheSmithswerethefirsttoarrive..3.Therewasnothingtobedone..4.

Ihavealottosay..5.

Ihavenoideawheretogo.6.TheconferencetotakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.句子成分用法不定式在句中中作___________1.可修飾：2.多置于被修飾詞___________3.多表示_____________的動(dòng)作。定語(yǔ)名詞或者代詞之后作后置定語(yǔ)未來(lái)的1.Pleasemakeanefforttocatchthebus.2.Hemadea

promisetocomehereontimetomorrow.3.Ihavenodesire

towrite.4.thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecouragetoface

thechallenge.5.Hisabilitytogetonwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.總結(jié)1.抽象名詞ability,aim,attempt,right,chance,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,dream等后常用不定式作定語(yǔ)?！皌odo”asattributiveThiscanbeusefulforbusinesssuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewway_____________(attract)customers.toattract

Practice1.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.3.Itisrecognizedthatheisthebestmantodothejob.4.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.總結(jié)2.序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)和thelast/theonly/thenext等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)?！皌odo”asattributivePractice(全國(guó)Ⅰ卷語(yǔ)法填空改編)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry________(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthe

moon.toland

1.Ihavenothing

(fear)butfearitself.2.Doyouhaveanything

(say)?3.Thereisnothing

(worry)about.總結(jié)3.something,nothing,anything等不定代詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式。4.在therebe句型中，作主語(yǔ)的名詞后可接不定式作定語(yǔ)，不定式用主動(dòng)式或者被動(dòng)式均可?！皌odo”asattributivetofeartosaytoworry/tobeworried主動(dòng)/被動(dòng)？1.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.2.Thecompetitiontobeheldnextyearwillsurelyattractmanyinternationaltourists.3.Tomhasalargefamilytosupport.主謂關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系不定式的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞的關(guān)系主動(dòng)(todo)被動(dòng)(tobedone)只能用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)的情況例：1.Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelate.3.Themanageristhelasttocometothemeeting.2.當(dāng)修飾的名詞前有theonly,thenext,thebest,thefirst,thelast,以及由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。只能用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)的情況例：1.Doyouhaveanything

tosay?2.Thereisnothing

toworry

about.3.Iwanttogetsomething

todrink.3.當(dāng)修飾的詞為something,nothing,anything等不定代詞時(shí)。4.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)表示未來(lái)的還沒做的動(dòng)作時(shí)。例：Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.Themattertobediscussedisimportant.只能用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)的情況例：1.Doyouhaveanything

tosay?2.Thereisnothing

toworry

about.3.Iwanttogetsomething

todrink.3.當(dāng)修飾的詞為something,nothing,anything等不定代詞時(shí)。4.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)表示未來(lái)的還沒做的動(dòng)作時(shí)。例：Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.Themattertobediscussedisimportant.datasignatureConclusionStep3不定式的幾種形式一.不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：not/never/seldom/hardly+to+動(dòng)詞原形Theteachertoldus_____________________________________(不要在那條河里游泳)。2)It’sunfair____________________(不告訴我們).nottoswiminthatrivernottotellusdatasignatureConclusion

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式Tobedoingtobebeingdone二.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)：1.一般式：表示的動(dòng)作有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后。Iwant_____________________________________.(再見到你)完成式：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。Theyseem_____________________________(他們好像知道了答案).

.tomeet/seeyouagaintohaveknowntheanswer3.進(jìn)行式：表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。1)Theyseem_______________________________________________.(好像在努力工作)2)Hepretended_____________________________(假裝在讀書)whenIcameintohisroom4.被動(dòng)式據(jù)說(shuō)此書已被翻譯成了多種語(yǔ)言。Thebookissaid_______________________________________________________._tobeworkinghardtobereadingtohavebeentranslatedint