Unit 1 Trees【速記清單】-2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)單元速記•巧練（牛津上海版）（原卷版）

第頁(yè)Unit1Trees本課重點(diǎn)fightersupposepurenaturalreleasechemicalhardlycommunicatewarnliving本課難點(diǎn)【辨析】interestingVSinterested【辨析】intheend最后（可用于將來(lái)時(shí)）attheendof在……末（可指時(shí)間或空間）bytheendof到……為止（用于時(shí)間）ontheendof在……末端上?？茧y點(diǎn)fightforsth.為...而斗爭(zhēng)fightwithsb.和某人打架beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣ontheendof…在……的末端protect…bydoingsth.通過(guò)……保護(hù)join…together將……連在一起indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中考點(diǎn)1.8BUnit1Vocabulary（牛津）序號(hào)英文音標(biāo)詞性中文1/$v3r0dI/adj.平均的2/a0t3m/n.一件物品3/pr5dKkt/n.產(chǎn)品4/fa0t3(r)/n.斗士；戰(zhàn)士5/f$kt/n.事實(shí)6/sa03nt0st/n.科學(xué)家78/0ntr3st0d/adj.感興趣的對(duì)…感興趣9/n37tb7k/n.筆記本10/s3p37z/v.(根據(jù)所知)認(rèn)為，推斷，料想11/bri:M/v.呼吸12/pj73(r)/adj.純凈的13/E$s/n.氣體14/r0li:s/v.釋放；放出15/5ks0dI3n/n.氧；氧氣16/hekte3(r)/n.公頃17/pr3dju:s/v.產(chǎn)生；生產(chǎn)18/3la0v/adj.活著；在世19也；還20/n$tNr3l/adj.自然的；天然的21/e3k3nd0N3n3(r)/n.空調(diào)22/wC:n/v.使警惕；警告23/pr3tekt/v.保護(hù)24/kem0kl/n.化學(xué)物質(zhì)；化學(xué)品25/nA:st0/adj.令人厭惡的；令人不悅的26/dI50n/v.連接；加入27/k3mju:n0ke0t/v.交流信息；溝通28pron.互相29/b@:n/v.(使)燒毀，燒死30/r0ple0s/v.替換；取代31/hA:dl0/adv.幾乎不32/d0str50/v.摧毀；毀滅33/0kstNe0ndI/v.交流34/ne0tN3(r)/n.自然界；大自然35/me0n/adj.主要的；最重要的36/l5r0/n.卡車考點(diǎn)2.8BU1詞性轉(zhuǎn)換整理序號(hào)單詞詞性釋義1productn.產(chǎn)品producev.生產(chǎn)2fightv.打斗；爭(zhēng)斗fightern.斗士；戰(zhàn)士3scientistn.科學(xué)家sciencen.科學(xué)4interestn./v.使感興趣；興趣interestingadj.有趣的interestedadj.感興趣的5breathev.呼吸breathn.呼吸6pureadj.純凈的purelyadv.純凈地7aliveadj.活著的livingadj.活著的livelyadj.生動(dòng)活潑的livev.住lifen.生活8naturen.自然naturaladj.自然的9air-conditionern.空調(diào)air-conditionedadj.有空調(diào)的10warnv.警告warningn.警告11protectv.保護(hù)protectiveadj.有保護(hù)性的protectionn.保護(hù)12chemicaladj./n.化學(xué)的；化學(xué)物質(zhì)chemistryn.化學(xué)13communicatev.交流；溝通communicationn.交流14burnv.(使)燒毀burningadj.燃燒著的15destroyv.摧毀destructionn.摧毀destructiveadj.有摧毀性的16mainadj.主要的mainlyadv.主要地考點(diǎn)3.fighter斗士；戰(zhàn)士e.g.Shewon'tgiveupeasily;she'sarealfighter.她不會(huì)輕易放棄的，她是一個(gè)真正的斗土。Doctorsandnursesarediseasefighters.Theyalwaysfightagainstallkindsofdiseases.醫(yī)生和護(hù)土是與疾病斗爭(zhēng)的戰(zhàn)土。他們總是和各種疾病作斗爭(zhēng)。Whenthepolicecame,thefightersranaway.警察到來(lái)時(shí)，斗毆的人溜走了?！局R(shí)拓展】fightn.打架，戰(zhàn)斗，斗志e.g.Thetwoboyshadafight.兩個(gè)男孩打了一架。fightv.(fought;fought)（常與against，with連用）打仗；戰(zhàn)斗e.g.Peopleoftenhavetofightwiththeenemy.人們往往不得不抗擊敵人。考點(diǎn)4.naturaladj.自然的，自然界的e.g.Itisnaturalforacattocatchmice.貓捉老鼠是本能。Fireisoneofthenaturalelementsinnature.火是自然界中的自然元素之一。【知識(shí)拓展】naturen.自然，自然界，大自然e.g.Thisphenomenonisuniqueinnature.這種現(xiàn)象在整個(gè)自然界是罕見(jiàn)的。考點(diǎn)5.releasev.釋放，解放e.g.Ireleasedthehorseanditranaway.我放了這匹馬，讓它跑了。Fourprisonerswerereleased.四名犯人被釋放了?！局R(shí)拓展】releasen.釋放；解脫e.g.Shecanexpectanearlyreleasefromprison.她有望早一點(diǎn)兒出獄?？键c(diǎn)6.chemicaln.化學(xué)物質(zhì)，藥品e.g.Thefarmersusechemicalstokilltheinsectsinthefields.農(nóng)民用化學(xué)藥品來(lái)殺死地里的害蟲?！局R(shí)拓展】chemicaladj.化學(xué)的chemistryn.化學(xué)chemistn.化學(xué)家，藥劑師考點(diǎn)7.hardlyadv.剛剛，幾乎不e.g.Icouldhardlyunderstandthetheory.我?guī)缀醪荒芾斫膺@個(gè)理論。Wehadhardlybegunwhenitbegantorain.我們剛一舉步就下起雨來(lái)了。ItwassodarkthatIcouldhardlysee.天那么黑，我?guī)缀跏裁匆仓灰?jiàn)。Ithardlysnowshereinwinter.這里的冬天幾乎不下雪?！局R(shí)拓展】hardadj.堅(jiān)固的，困難的adv.努力地，劇烈地e.g.Shefoundithardtomakeuphermind.她發(fā)覺(jué)很難下決心。Itwasraininghardlastnight.昨晚雨下得很大。考點(diǎn)8.warnv.警告【常用搭配】warnsomebodyaboutsomething警告某人某事e.g.warnsomebodynottodosomething警告某人不要做某事Thegovernmentwarnedthepeopleaboutthecomingtyphoon.政府警告人民臺(tái)風(fēng)將要來(lái)襲。Imustwarnyounottogoout.Thereisastorm.我必須警告你不要出門，外面暴風(fēng)驟雨?！局R(shí)拓展】warningn.提醒；警告e.g.Becauseofherwarning,Iwascareful.由于她的提醒，我很小心?？键c(diǎn)9.單詞擴(kuò)展速背：destroyv.破壞；毀壞destructionn.毀壞；毀滅fightern.戰(zhàn)士fightv./n.戰(zhàn)斗，打架productn.農(nóng)產(chǎn)品productionn.產(chǎn)品（工業(yè)方面）producern.制片人，制作者producev.生產(chǎn)noisen.喧鬧聲，嘈雜聲，噪聲noisyadj.吵鬧的；喧鬧的；嘈雜的noisilyadv.吵鬧地factn.事實(shí)factorn.因素breathev.呼吸breathn.呼吸interestedadj.感到有興趣的interestingadj.令人產(chǎn)生興趣的interestn.興趣，愛(ài)好Scientistn.科學(xué)家Sciencen.科學(xué)Scientificadj.科學(xué)的pureadj.純凈的purelyadv.純凈地warnv.警告warningn.警告，告誡naturen.自然naturaladj.自然的unnaturaladj.不自然的naturallyadv.自然地chemicaladj.化學(xué)的chemicalsn.學(xué)物質(zhì)（復(fù)）chemistryn.化學(xué)（學(xué)科）chemistn.化學(xué)家burnn./v.燃燒、燒傷burningadj.（中用于名詞前）燃燒著的，雄心勃勃的，迫在眉睫的replacev.放回原處，更換，替換replacementn.更換，解題的人或物livev./a.居住、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的livingadj.活著的aliveadj.活的livelyadj.活潑的harmn.害處harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.無(wú)害的harmlesslyadv.無(wú)害的exchangev./n.交流，交換changev./n.改變，替換hardlyadv.幾乎不hardadv./adj.努力地、艱難的，堅(jiān)硬的communicatev.交流，溝通communicationn.交流，溝通thankv.感謝thankfuladj.感謝的，感激的mainadj.主要的mainlyadv.主要地containv.容納containern.容器announcev.公告，宣布announvern.發(fā)言人announcementn.聲明，公告enjoyv.享受enjoymentn.享受，快樂(lè)enjoyableadj.令人愉快的windsurfv.沖浪windsurfingn.沖浪運(yùn)動(dòng)leadern.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者leadv.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)intheend最后（可用于將來(lái)時(shí)）attheendof在……末（可指時(shí)間或空間）bytheendof到……為止（用于時(shí)間）ontheendof在……末端上join參加（組織或個(gè)人、人群）takepartin參加（活動(dòng)）joinin參加（活動(dòng)）語(yǔ)法精講——現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的意義1.表示現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是此時(shí)此刻。e.g.IamreadinganEnglishbook.我正在看一本英語(yǔ)書。SheiswatchingTV.她正在看電視。2.表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。e.g.Whatlessonsareyoustudyingthisweek?你們本周學(xué)習(xí)哪些課程了？Tom’sparentsareworkinginChinathisyear.湯姆的父母今年一直在中國(guó)工作。二、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成1.直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ing。e.g.teach-teachingplay-playinglook-lookinggo-going2.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。e.g.write-writingtake-takinglive-livinggive-giving3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，應(yīng)雙寫該輔音字母再加-ing。e.g.put-puttingrun-runningbegin-beginningswim–swimming三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，be(am，is，are)是助動(dòng)詞。其句子構(gòu)成為：1.肯定句由“主語(yǔ)+be+v.-ing+其他”構(gòu)成。e.g.Iamcleaningtheclassroom.我正在打掃教室。Theyareplayingthepiano.他們正在彈鋼琴。2.否定句由“主語(yǔ)+be+not+v.-ing+其他”構(gòu)成。e.g.HeisnotwatchingTV.他沒(méi)在看電視。Theyarenotwriting.他們沒(méi)在寫東西。3.一般疑問(wèn)句由“Be+主語(yǔ)+v.-ing+其他？”構(gòu)成，其肯定答語(yǔ)為“Yes，主語(yǔ)+be”，否定答語(yǔ)為“No，主語(yǔ)+be+not"。e.g.-Isshelisteningtothemusic?她正在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)嗎？-Yes,sheis./No,sheisn't.是的，她在聽(tīng)。／不，她沒(méi)在聽(tīng)。-Aretheyrunning?他們正在跑步嗎？-Yes,theyare.／No,theyaren't.是的，他們?cè)谂?。／不，他們沒(méi)在跑。4.特殊疑問(wèn)句由“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+v.-ing+其他？”構(gòu)成。e.g.Whatareyoudoing?你們正在做什么？Whoishetalkingto?他正在和誰(shuí)談話？四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志1.句中有副詞now時(shí)，常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。e.g.Thechildrenareplayingfootballnow.孩子們現(xiàn)在正在踢足球。2.句首有l(wèi)ook,listen提醒注意時(shí)，提示我們動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。e.g.Look!Atrainiscoming.看！火車來(lái)了。Listen!Heisreading.聽(tīng)！他正在朗讀。3.句首有表示鐘點(diǎn)的時(shí)間時(shí)，提示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。e.g.It'ssixo’clock.Mymotheriscookingbreakfast.現(xiàn)在六點(diǎn)了，我媽媽正在做早餐。4.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或上下文理解，如果表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。e.g.Don'tmakenoise.Thebabyissleeping.不要吵，這個(gè)嬰兒正在睡覺(jué)。五、沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)中有一些動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有或很少有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。到目前為止，同學(xué)們學(xué)過(guò)的沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞可分為以下幾類：1.表示感覺(jué)的感官動(dòng)詞，如see“看見(jiàn)”，hear“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”，find“找到”，notice“留意”等動(dòng)詞。e.g.Doyouhearthenoiseofaplane?你聽(tīng)到飛機(jī)的聲音了嗎？Weseehim.我們看見(jiàn)他了?！居亚樘崾尽勘硎靖杏X(jué)的動(dòng)詞，如listento，lookat可用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作而非結(jié)果。e.g.They'relisteningtotheteacher.他們?cè)诼?tīng)老師講課。2.表示態(tài)度和感情、心理狀態(tài)等意思的動(dòng)詞，如like“喜歡”，love“愛(ài)”，know“知道”，want“需要”，hope“希望”，hate“恨”，think“認(rèn)為”，believe“相信’’等。e.g.Ilikedogs.我喜歡狗。Iwanttogooutforawalknow.我現(xiàn)在想出去散步。3.當(dāng)have/has表示“擁有”時(shí)。e.g.Ihavealotofbooks.我有許多本書?！居亚樘崾尽慨?dāng)have/has表示“吃飯；開(kāi)會(huì)；玩得愉快”等意思時(shí)，可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。e.g.Wearehavingagoodtime.我們正玩得開(kāi)心。4.表示狀態(tài)的be動(dòng)詞“是”。e.g.Heisathome.他在家里。destroyv.破壞；毀壞destructionn.毀壞；毀滅fightern.戰(zhàn)士fightv./n.戰(zhàn)斗，打架productn.農(nóng)產(chǎn)品productionn.產(chǎn)品（工業(yè)方面）producern.制片人，制作者producev.生產(chǎn)noisen.喧鬧聲，嘈雜聲，噪聲noisyadj.吵鬧的；喧鬧的；嘈雜的noisilyadv.吵鬧地factn.事實(shí)factorn.因素breathev.呼吸breathn.呼吸interestedadj.感到有興趣的interestingadj.令人產(chǎn)生興趣的interestn.興趣，愛(ài)好Scientistn.科學(xué)家Sciencen.科學(xué)Scientificadj.科學(xué)的pureadj.純凈的purelyadv.純凈地warnv.警告warningn.警告，告誡naturen.自然naturaladj.自然的unnaturaladj.不自然的naturallyadv.自然地chemicaladj.化學(xué)的chemicalsn.學(xué)物質(zhì)（復(fù)）chemistryn.化學(xué)（學(xué)科）chemistn.化學(xué)家burnn./v.燃燒、燒傷burningadj.（中用于名詞前）燃燒著的，雄心勃勃的，迫在眉睫的replacev.放回原處，更換，替換replacementn.更換，解題的人或物livev./n.居住、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的livingadj.活著的aliveadj.活的livelyadj.活潑的harmn.害處harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.無(wú)害的harmlesslyadv.無(wú)害的exchangev./n.交流，交換changev./n.改變，替換hardlyadv.幾乎不hardadv./adj.努力地、艱難的，堅(jiān)硬的communicatev.交流，溝通communicationn.交流，溝通thankv.感謝thankfuladj.感謝的，感激的mainadj.主要的mainlyadv.主要地containv.容納containern.容器announcev.公告，宣布announvern.發(fā)言人announcementn.聲明，公告enjoyv.享受enjoymentn.享受，快樂(lè)enjoyableadj.令人愉快的windsurfv.沖浪windsurfingn.沖浪運(yùn)動(dòng)leadern.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者leadv.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)intheend最后（可用于將來(lái)時(shí)）attheendof在……末（可指時(shí)間或空間）bytheendof到……為止（用于時(shí)間）ontheendof在……末端上join參加（組織或個(gè)人、人群）takepartin參加（活動(dòng)）joinin參加（活動(dòng)）主題閱讀—環(huán)境類PracticePractice一、閱讀理解Smog（霧霾）isakindofairpollution.Itmakestheskylookgreyanddirty,anditsairpollutantscomefrommanykindsofnaturalandman-madesources.Smogisabigproblemforourdailylife.Insmogweather,manypeoplechoosetowearmaskswhentheygoout.Andjustbecauseofsmogweather,manytrafficaccidentshavehappened,manyflightsarestopped,alotofpeoplehavetogotoseethedoctor.Peoplenowseethegreatdangerofthesmogandtheimportanceofcaringtheenvironment.Peoplealloverthecountryaretakingactions.Firstofall,thelaws（法律）mustbecarriedout（實(shí)施）strictly.Secondly,itwillbebetterforpeopletogotoworkorschoolwithpublictraffic,suchasthebusandsubwayinsteadofthecar.What’smore,weshouldplantmoretrees.1．Whatissmog?A．Akindofwaterpollution. B．Akindoflandpollution.C．Akindofnoisepollution. D．Akindofairpollution.2．Insmogweather,whatdomanypeoplechoosetowear?A．Masks. B．Sweater. C．Jackets. D．Hats.3．Whatcanwedotodowithsmog?A．Trynottousepublictraffic. B．Carryoutthelawsstrictly.C．Plantfewertrees. D．Don’twearmaskswhenitissmog.4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Smogmakestheskylookterrible.B．Ittellsustwowaystoprotecttheenvironment.C．Takingpublictrafficisgoodfortheenvironment.D．Weshouldplantmoretreestocareourenvironment.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Smogisabigproblem B．AkindofairpollutionC．Smog:problemsandsolutions D．Theimportanceofcaringtheenvironment二、完形填空Therearemanykindsofpollutionaroundus,6airpollution,soilpollution,noisepollutionandlightpollution.Theyarebadforourhealthinmanyways.Burninggas,oilandcoalcreatesairpollution.Itcancausesoreeyesand7probl