2005-2016年考研英語（一）真題

2005碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題2005士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,__1__thisislargelybecause,__2__animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare__3__toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,__4__themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,__5__,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,__6__wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof__7__humansmellsevenwhentheseare__8__tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,__9__othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate__10__smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend__11__tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell__12__cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen__13__toitoftenenough.Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit__14__tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan__15__newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay__16__explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot__17__oftheusualsmellofourownhouse,butwe__18__newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors__19__forunfamiliarandemergencysignals__20__thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.1. [A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while2. [A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides3. [A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined4. [A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking5. [A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore6. [A]evenif [B]ifonly [C]onlyif [D]asif7. [A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting8. [A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]dispersed [D]diffused9. [A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas10. [A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical11. [A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses12. [A]atfirst [B]atall [C]atlarge [D]attimes13. [A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed14. [A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient15. [A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create16. [A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless17. [A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired18. [A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice19. [A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable20. [A]similarto [B]suchas [C]alongwith [D]asidefromReadingComprehensionDirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.21. Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby________.[A]posingacontrast. [B]justifyinganassumption.[C]makingacomparison. （C）[D]explainingaphenomenon.22. Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)impliesthat________.[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.[B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature.[C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.（B）[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.23. Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare________.[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.[B]attentivetoresearchers’instructions.[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.（A）[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions.24. Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys________.[A]prefergrapestocucumbers. [B]canbetaughttoexchangethings.[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.（C） [D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.25. Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.（B）[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.26. Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat________.[A]therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath.[B]thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant.[C]peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.（C）[D]antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.27. AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas________.[A]aprotector. [B]ajudge. [C]acritic. [D]aguide.28. Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,Paragraph4)?[A]Endlessstudieskillaction. [B]Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.[C]Prudentplanninghindersprogress.（A） [D]Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.29. Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming?[A]Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants. [B]Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.[C]Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.（D） [D]Takesomelegislativemeasures.30. Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause________.[A]theybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence.[B]alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer.[C]theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer.（B）[D]bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse.Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”—therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—whenmostvividdreamsoccur—asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday.”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents—until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep—orratherdream—onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.31. Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams________.[A]canbemodifiedintheircourses. [B]aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges.[C]reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears.（A） [D]arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs.32. Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow________.[A]itsfunctioninourdreams . [B]themechanismofREMsleep.[C]therelationofdreamstoemotions.（C） [D]itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex.33. Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto________.[A]aggravateinourunconsciousmind. [B]developintohappydreams.[C]persisttillthetimewefallasleep.（D） [D]showupindreamsearlyatnight.34. Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat________.[A]wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams.[B]visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol.[C]dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression.（D）[D]dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious.35. WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?[A]Leadyourlifeasusual. [B]Seekprofessionalhelp.[C]Exerciseconsciouscontrol.（A） [D]Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShould,Like,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom,”forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing,”hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive—thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms—heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina.”Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.36. AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish________.[A]isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms.[B]isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment.[C]hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture.（B）[D]broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s.37. Theword“talking”(Lastline,Paragraph3)denotes________.[A]modesty . [B]personality. [C]liveliness. [D]informality.38. TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree?[A]Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.[B]BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.[C]Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.（A）[D]Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.39. ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s________.[A]interestintheirlanguage. [B]appreciationoftheirefforts.[C]admirationfortheirmemory.（B） [D]contemptfortheirold-fashionedness.40. Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as________.[A]“temporary”isto“permanent”. [B]“radical”isto“conservative”.[C]“functional”isto“artistic”.（C） [D]“humble”isto“noble”.Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Canada’spremiers(theleadersofprovincialgovernments),iftheyhaveanybreathleftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeeting,mightspareamomenttodosomething,together,toreducehealth-carecosts.They’reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,thefastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts.41. __________.Whattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeonhealthcare—tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts—recommendedthecreationofanationaldrugagency.Insteadofeachprovincehavingitsownlistofapproveddrugs,bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,allwouldpoolresources,workwithOttawa,andcreateanationalinstitution.42. __________.But“national”doesn’thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmeaninterprovincial—provincescombiningeffortstocreateonebody.Eitherway,onebenefitofa“national”organizationwouldbetonegotiatebetterprices,ifpossible,withdrugmanufacturers.Insteadofhavingoneprovince—oraseriesofhospitalswithinaprovince—negotiateapriceforagivendrugontheprovinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeople,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfof31millionpeople.Basiceconomicssuggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumers,thehigherthelikelihoodofabetterprice.43. __________.AsmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththecreationoftheCanadianCo-ordinatingOfficeforHealthTechnologyAssessment,fundedbyOttawaandtheprovinces.Underit,aCommonDrugReviewrecommendstoprovinciallistswhichnewdrugsshouldbeincluded.Predictably,andregrettably,Quebecrefusedtojoin.Afewpremiersaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.They(particularlyQuebecandAlberta)justwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillionswithfew,ifany,stringsattached.That’sonereasonwhytheideaofanationallisthasn’tgoneanywhere,whiledrugcostskeeprisingfast.44. __________.PremierslovetoquoteMr.Romanow’sreportselectively,especiallythepartsaboutmorefederalmoney.Perhapstheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs:“Anationaldrugagencywouldprovidegovernmentsmoreinfluenceonpharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertoconstraintheever-increasingcostofdrugs.”45. __________.SowhenthepremiersgatherinNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaintlist,theyshouldalsogetcrackingaboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwouldhelptheirbudgetsandpatients.[A]Quebec’sresistancetoanationalagencyisprovincialistideology.OneofthefirstadvocatesforanationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.Quebec’sDrugInsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithannualincreasesfrom14.3percentto26.8percent![B]OrtheycouldreadMr.Kirby’sreport:“thesubstantialbuyingpowerofsuchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsuranceplanstonegotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies.”[C]Whatdoes“national”mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirbyrecommendedafederal-provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreatedNationalHealthCouncil.[D]Theproblemissimpleandstark:health-carecostshavebeen,are,andwillcontinuetoincreasefasterthangovernmentrevenues.[E]AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation,prescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplaceotherkindsoftreatments.Partofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethanolderkinds.Partofitishigherprices.[F]So,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshow,theyshouldprovetheycanrunit,startingwithaninterprovincialhealthlistthatwouldendduplication,saveadministrativecosts,preventoneprovincefrombeingplayedoffagainstanother,andbargainforbetterdrugprices.[G]Ofcourse,thepharmaceuticalcompanieswillscream.Theylikedividedbuyers;theycanlobbybetterthatway.Theycanusethethreatofremovingjobsfromoneprovincetoanother.Theycanhopethat,ifoneprovinceincludesadrugonitslist,thepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeitontheirs.Theywouldn’tlikeanationalagency,butself-interestwouldleadthemtodealwithit.Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfused,andone’simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.46)Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed—andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.47)InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.OneItalianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroup,whileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.48)Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.49)Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice—thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreonco-productions,theexchangeofnews,documentaryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropeanbankforTelevisionProductionwhich,onthemodeloftheEuropeanInvestmentsBank,willhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.50)Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationtosay“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall”—andifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity.”Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.Writing51. Directions:TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns&Fashions.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettertoyourboss,Mr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)52. Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)養(yǎng)老“足球賽”2005年考研英語真題答案SectionI:UseofEnglish1. [C]2. [B]3. [A]4. [C]5. [B]6. [A]7. [D]8. [A]9. [D]10. [B]11. [C]12. [A]13. [D]14. [C]15. [D]16. [B]17. [C]18. [D]19. [A]20. [B]SectionII:ReadingComprehensionPartA21. [C]22. [B]23. [A]24. [C]25. [B]26. [C]27. [D]28. [A]29. [D]30. [B]31. [A]32. [C]33. [D]34. [D]35. [A]36. [B]37. [D]38. [A]39. [B]40. [C]PartB41. [E]42. [C]43. [G]44. [F]45. [B]PartC46. 電視是創(chuàng)造和傳遞感情的手段之一。也許在此之前，就