浙江省杭州市學(xué)軍中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月月考英語(yǔ)試題

2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三英語(yǔ)測(cè)試卷(二)全卷共8頁(yè)，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Howistheweatherinthemountains?A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Snowy.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Cooking.B.Traditions.C.Experiments.3.Whydoesthemanreadinweaklight?A.Heisafraidoflight.B.Hisbrotherissleeping.C.Hedoesn’tcareabouthiseyes.4.Howmuchmoneydidthemanlendthewoman?A.$70.B.$80.C.$100.5.Whatistheman’sopinionaboutsleep?A.Fourhoursisplentyforhim.B.Sixhoursistheleastformostpeople.C.Eighthoursistoomuchforthewoman.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthekitchen.B.Inthebedroom.C.Inthestudy.7.Whendoesthemanplantogotosleep?A.At11:00p.m.B.At3:00a.m.C.At4:00a.m.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.HowlongdidMarcoPolotravel?A.For13years.B.For17years.C.For24years.9.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandoattheend?A.ReadastorybookaboutXuanzang.B.WriteanessayaboutMarcoPolo.C.Imaginethelifeinancienttimes.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatlanguageisRichardfluentin?A.French.B.Spanish.C.Italian.11.WhatisMollygoingtodo?A.SpendayearinFrance.B.SpendayearinSpain.C.SpendsixmonthsinFrance.12.WhatisRichard’sadviceforlearninganewlanguage?A.Goingtravelingoften.B.Usingthedictionaryoften.C.Surroundingyourselfintheenvironment.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatwillHenrydoatthebeach?A.Goswimming.B.Gowalking.C.Gobiking.14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Brotherandsister.15.Whywon’tKellygotothebeachtomorrow?A.Itwillrain.B.Shehastowork.C.Sheissensitivetothesun.16.Whowilldrivethecartoday?A.Ryan.B.Kelly.C.Henry.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatwouldMADArchitectspreferbuildingstobelike?A.Moreattractive.B.Moretraditional.C.Moreenvironmentallyfriendly.18.WhatdoesMADArchitectswanttoprovide?A.Thesituationofseparationfromnature.B.Thefeelingofbeinginthenaturalworld.C.Theexperienceoflivinginancienttimes.19.WherewilltheUrbanForestbebuilt?A.InBeijing.B.InChongqing,C.InRome.20.Whoshouldapplyforajobaccordingtothetalk?A.Architects.B.Engineers.C.Officeworkers.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANorthRimtoreopenonJune2withlimitedservicesavailableNewsReleaseDate:May17,2023Contact:Jo?lleBaird,9286063154GrandCanyon,ArizTheNorthRimofGrandCanyonNationalParkwillopenasscheduled,onJune2,withlimitedvisitorservicesandwaterconservationmeasuresduetoabreakintheNorthRimwaterpipeline.Alandslidefromwinterstormsdestroyedmorethan300feetoftheNorthRimwaterpipeline.VisitorServicesTheGrandCanyonLodgewilloperatedayuseserviceswithlimitedfoodandbeverageservicebeginningonJune2.NoovernightacmodationswillbeavailableuntilatleastJuly23,2023.TheNorthRimCampground,managedbytheNationalParkService,willoperateasscheduledbeginningonJune9withpotabledrinkingwaterandtoiletsavailable.ThepubliclaundryandshowerfacilitieswillnotbeopenatleastthroughJuly23,2023.TheNorthRimVisitorCenterandGrandCanyonConservancy’sbookstoreopenasusual,8amto6pmdaily,withavarietyofrangerprogramsoffered.VisitorsexploringtheNorthRimthissummershouldbeselfsufficientandshouldbringadequatefoodandwaterforthedayasservicesarelimitedandmaybesubjecttochange.Nearby,acmodatingisavailableattheKaibabLodgeandfoodservicesandfuelattheNorthRimCountryStore.Yearroundacmodating,foodservicesandfuelarelocated45milesnorthoftheNorthRimatJacobLake.Asaresultofsubstantialwinterrockfallandlandslides,trail(步道)repairworkontheNorthKaibabTrailcontinues.ThereisatrailclosureineffectontheNorthKaibabTrailanditwillofficiallyreopenonJune16,2023.1.Whichwasnotaffectedandopensasusual?A.Thepubliclaundry. B.TheGrandCanyonLodge.C.TheNorthKaibabTrail. D.TheNorthRimVisitorCenter.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheNorthKaibabTrailfromthetext?A.Itoffersfoodservice. B.ItisaroundJacobLake.C.Itisunderrepairnow. D.Itopensalltheyeararound.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Towarnvisitorsoftheoninglandslide.B.Toinformvisitorsofschedulesofsomeattractions.C.ToappealtomorevisitorstotheGrandCanyonNationalPark.D.ToadvertisetheproductsoftheGrandCanyonNationalPark.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了美國(guó)大峽谷公園景點(diǎn)北緣因山體滑坡而對(duì)游覽的時(shí)間和路線做出的調(diào)整。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TheNorthRimVisitorCenterandGrandCanyonConservancy’sbookstoreopenasusual,8amto6pmdaily,withavarietyofrangerprogramsoffered.(北緣游客中心和大峽谷保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)的書(shū)店照常營(yíng)業(yè)，每天早上8點(diǎn)到下午6點(diǎn)，提供各種護(hù)林員項(xiàng)目)”可知，北緣游客中心和大峽谷保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)里的書(shū)店照常開(kāi)放，沒(méi)有調(diào)整。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asaresultofsubstantialwinterrockfallandlandslides,trail(步道)repairworkontheNorthKaibabTrailcontinues.(由于冬季大量的巖崩和山體滑坡，北凱巴布步道的道路修復(fù)工作仍在繼續(xù))”可知，北凱巴布步道的修復(fù)工作仍在繼續(xù)。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)GrandCanyon,Ariz下“TheNorthRimofGrandCanyonNationalParkwillopenasscheduled,onJune2,withlimitedvisitorservicesandwaterconservationmeasuresduetoabreakintheNorthRimwaterpipeline.(大峽谷國(guó)家公園北緣將于6月2日如期開(kāi)放，但由于北緣輸水管道斷裂，游客服務(wù)受到限制，并采取了節(jié)約用水的措施)”及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文寫(xiě)作目的是為了告訴游客美國(guó)大峽谷公園景點(diǎn)北緣因山體滑坡而對(duì)游覽的時(shí)間和路線做出的調(diào)整。故選B。BIreceivedmyarchitecturaltraininginItaly,earningatraditionaldegreethatdidn’tinvolveworkingwithputerAidedDesign(CAD).However,myjourneywithputersbeganthroughmypassionformusic,usingsoundsamplingsystems,whichcatchthe“soundreality”ofaninstrument,andalsoputerassistedmusicpositionsystems.LittledidIknowthatthisexplorationwouldgreatlyinfluencemyapproachtoputerscienceandAIintheyearstoe.Selftaughtinputerscienceduringmyarchitecturalstudies,Isoughtopportunitiestospecializefurther.Ultimately,myjourneyledmetoapioneeringlaboratoryinMarseille,France,knownforitsgroundbreakingworkinputerscienceappliedtoarchitecture.Surroundedbyamunityofinnovators,Iimprovedmyskillstoexplorethetransformativepoweroftechnologyinpreservingculturalheritage.In2019,theworldwatchedinhorrorasNotreDamedeParis(巴黎圣母院)wasconsumedinflames.Determinedtocontributetotherestorationefforts,Itooktheleadindevelopingadigitalecosystemfortherestorationoperation.WedevelopedgroundbreakingAItoolsgenerating3Drepresentationsfromphotographs.Bytrackingthepositionandshapeofvoussoirs(拱石),anddigitizingthemfromphotographs,wewereabletousethefinegeometricinformationofthevoussoirstoreconstructthearch,thusgivingvaluableinformationtothearchitectsaboutthestructure,theexactgeometry,andespeciallyaboutconstructivedetailsoftheoldestareasofthechurchfromthe13thcentury.Notably,AIplayedapivotalroleintheprocess.Astherestorationprojectprogresses,theAIdrivenpreservationcontinuestoadvance.ThisknowledgewilldefinitelyserveasrawmaterialtobeusedforAIsystems,forexample,forstudiesthatcanbeextendedtootherbuildings.Today,therestorationprojectisinanextremelyadvancedstate.Wehopetopletetherestorationworkbeforethe2024ParisOlympics,sothatthisarchitecturalmasterpiececanregainitsformerglory.4.Whatledtheauthortoputerscienceinitially?A.posingmusicwithCAD. B.Exploringputersformusic.C.Studyingforadegreeinarchitecture. D.Developingsoundsamplingsystems.5.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheapplicationofAIinrestoration. B.ThestructureofNotreDamedeParis.C.ThedestructionofNotreDamedeParis. D.ThedevelopmentofAIdigitalecosystem.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pivotal”inparagraph3mean?A.Secondary. B.Independent. C.Discouraging. D.Crucial.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheAIdrivenpreservation?A.Indifferent. B.Skeptical. C.Optimistic. D.Objective.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了作者在計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的探索以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，說(shuō)明了人工智能在修復(fù)文物中發(fā)揮的重要作用?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“However,myjourneywithputersbeganthroughmypassionformusic,usingsoundsamplingsystems,whichcatchthe“soundreality”ofaninstrument,andalsoputerassistedmusicpositionsystems.(然而，我的電腦之旅始于我對(duì)音樂(lè)的熱愛(ài)，使用聲音采樣系統(tǒng)，捕捉樂(lè)器的“聲音現(xiàn)實(shí)”，以及計(jì)算機(jī)輔助的音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作系統(tǒng))”可知，最初是為音樂(lè)探索電腦引導(dǎo)作者進(jìn)入計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的。故選B。【5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“In2019,theworldwatchedinhorrorasNotreDamedeParis(巴黎圣母院)wasconsumedinflames.Determinedtocontributetotherestorationefforts,Itooktheleadindevelopingadigitalecosystemfortherestorationoperation.WedevelopedgroundbreakingAItoolsgenerating3Drepresentationsfromphotographs.Bytrackingthepositionandshapeofvoussoirs(拱石),anddigitizingthemfromphotographs,wewereabletousethefinegeometricinformationofthevoussoirstoreconstructthearch,thusgivingvaluableinformationtothearchitectsaboutthestructure,theexactgeometry,andespeciallyaboutconstructivedetailsoftheoldestareasofthechurchfromthe13thcentury.Notably,AIplayedapivotalroleintheprocess.(2019年，全世界都驚恐地看到巴黎圣母院被大火吞噬。我決心為修復(fù)工作做出貢獻(xiàn)，并帶頭為修復(fù)工作開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)數(shù)字生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。我們開(kāi)發(fā)了突破性的人工智能工具，從照片中生成3D表示。通過(guò)跟蹤拱石的位置和形狀，并將它們從照片中數(shù)字化，我們能夠拱石使用的精細(xì)幾何信息來(lái)重建拱門(mén)，從而為建筑師提供有關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)，精確幾何形狀，特別是13世紀(jì)以來(lái)教堂最古老區(qū)域的構(gòu)造細(xì)節(jié)的寶貴信息。值得注意的是，人工智能在這一過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是人工智能在修復(fù)中的應(yīng)用。故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段“Astherestorationprojectprogresses,theAIdrivenpreservationcontinuestoadvance.(隨著修復(fù)工程的推進(jìn)，人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的保護(hù)也在不斷推進(jìn))”可知，隨著修復(fù)工程的推進(jìn)，人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的保護(hù)也在不斷推進(jìn)，說(shuō)明人工智能在這一過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了重要作用。故劃線詞意思是“重要的”。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Astherestorationprojectprogresses,theAIdrivenpreservationcontinuestoadvance.ThisknowledgewilldefinitelyserveasrawmaterialtobeusedforAIsystems,forexample,forstudiesthatcanbeextendedtootherbuildings.Today,therestorationprojectisinanextremelyadvancedstate.Wehopetopletetherestorationworkbeforethe2024ParisOlympics,sothatthisarchitecturalmasterpiececanregainitsformerglory.(隨著修復(fù)工程的推進(jìn)，人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的保護(hù)也在不斷推進(jìn)。這些知識(shí)肯定會(huì)作為人工智能系統(tǒng)的原材料，例如，用于可以擴(kuò)展到其他建筑物的研究。今天，修復(fù)工程處于非常先進(jìn)的狀態(tài)。我們希望在2024年巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)之前完成修復(fù)工作，讓這座建筑杰作重現(xiàn)昔日的輝煌)”可知，作者對(duì)人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)保護(hù)持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。故選C。CAtonetime,ourgrowingpopulationwasseenascentraltowildlifeextinction,resourceexhaustion,pollutionandenvironmentaldestruction.Buttoday,ourconcernsshifttodecliningbirthratesduetoincreasedreproductivechoiceforwomen.Thisisapositivedevelopment,butisoftendescribedasa“crisis”inthemedia,highlightingeconomicandseniorcarechallenges.Lostintheconversationarethemanypositiveaspectsofanagingsociety,whichistheresultofpeoplelivinghealthierandlongerlives,andmonsenserealitieslikereducedneedsforinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andlowerecologicalimpacts.Alsolostisthefactthatourpopulationstillgrowsby80millionpeopleeveryyear.Andtheconsequencesofhighbirthratesaresevere.Amongthemisglobalwarming.Infact,increasedemissions(排放)frompopulationgrowthhavecanceledmorethanthreequartersoftheemissionssavedthroughenergyefficiencyandrenewablesoverthepastthreedecades.Yet,nomatterhowwelldocumentedthelinkbetweenpopulationandclimate,loweringourpopulationisnotablyabsentfromtheconversationonsolutions.Instead,thefocusisontechnologythatwillsupposedlyallowourentiregrowingpopulationtoenjoytheenergyintensivelifestylesnowenjoyedbytherich,andwithnoclimateimpacts.But“green”technologyisnotthesolutionitisadvertisedtobe.Itsexpansiontothedegreeneededtopoweragrowingpopulationatadecentstandardoflivingwoulditselfrequireashockinginvestmentinfossil(化石)fuels.Italsorequiresmassiveminingoperations,manyofwhichtakeplaceonthebacksoflowwageworkersinAfricawhereitisdrivingdestructionofrainforestscriticaltothesurvivalofgreatapes.Besides,itrequires10timesthelandareaasfossilfuelplantsforthesameamountofenergygenerated.Whenglobalwarmingthreatenstopushbillionsintounsafetemperatures,itisnotimetopanicthatweareaddingfewertothosebillions.Infact,decliningbirthratesshouldbecauseforcelebrationastheysignifyadvancesingenderequalityandareducedburdenonEarth.8.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Theglobalpopulationisdecreasingeveryyear.B.Thebenefitsofanagingsocietyareoverlooked.C.Theecologicalenvironmentisturningforthebetter.D.Themediamakeupmisleadingnewsaboutthepopulation.9.Whatishighlightedasadisadvantageofhighbirthrates?A.Reducedinfrastructureneeds. B.Challengesinseniorcareservices.C.Aslowdownineconomicgrowth. D.Increasedgreenhousegasemissions.10.Whyis“green”technologyquestionedinthetext?A.Itdoesdamagetotheecosystem. B.Itisnotpopulararoundtheworld.C.Itisunaffordableforpoorregions. D.Ithaslittleeffectonreducingpollution.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AgingSocieties:AGlobalCrisis B.TheMysteryof“Green”TechnologyC.TheTrendofPopulationGrowth D.DecliningBirthRates:AHopefulSign【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是人口高出生率的危害以及出生率降低帶來(lái)的積極影響。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisisapositivedevelopment,butisoftendescribedasa“crisis”inthemedia,highlightingeconomicandseniorcarechallenges.(這是一個(gè)積極的發(fā)展，但媒體經(jīng)常將其描述為“危機(jī)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)和老年人護(hù)理方面的挑戰(zhàn)。)”以及下文中介紹的人口老齡化帶來(lái)的積極影響被人們忽略的事實(shí)可知，在第二段我們了解到的是老齡化社會(huì)的好處被人們忽略。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Andtheconsequencesofhighbirthratesaresevere.Amongthemisglobalwarming.(高出生率的后果是嚴(yán)重的。其中之一就是全球變暖。)”以及下文中介紹的高出生率導(dǎo)致排放量增加的情況可知，高出來(lái)率的缺點(diǎn)是造成溫室氣體排放增加。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Itsexpansiontothedegreeneededtopoweragrowingpopulationatadecentstandardoflivingwoulditselfrequireashockinginvestmentinfossil(化石)fuels.Italsorequiresmassiveminingoperations,manyofwhichtakeplaceonthebacksoflowwageworkersinAfricawhereitisdrivingdestructionofrainforestscriticaltothesurvivalofgreatapes.(它的擴(kuò)張要達(dá)到為不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口提供體面生活所需的程度，本身就需要對(duì)化石燃料(化石)進(jìn)行驚人的投資。它還需要大規(guī)模的采礦作業(yè)，其中許多是在非洲的低工資工人的支持下進(jìn)行的，這正在破壞對(duì)類人猿生存至關(guān)重要的熱帶雨林。)”可知，“綠色”技術(shù)的擴(kuò)張需要對(duì)化石燃料進(jìn)行大量投資，大規(guī)模的釆礦作業(yè)，破壞了對(duì)類人猿生存至關(guān)重要的熱帶雨林，由此可知，“綠色”技術(shù)被質(zhì)疑的原因是它破壞了生態(tài)環(huán)境。故選A項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容及最后一段中“Infact,decliningbirthratesshouldbecauseforcelebrationastheysignifyadvancesingenderequalityandareducedburdenonEarth.(事實(shí)上，出生率下降應(yīng)該是值得慶祝的，因?yàn)樗鼈儤?biāo)志著性別平等的進(jìn)步和地球負(fù)擔(dān)的減輕)”可知，本文主要討論了出生率下降的積極意義，所以D選項(xiàng)“出生率下降：一個(gè)充滿希望的跡象”概括全文主題，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。DMillionsofmigratory(遷徙的)birdsoccupyseasonallyfavorablebreedinggroundsintheArelie,butscientistsknowlittleabouttheformation,maintenanceandfutureofthemigrationroutesofArcticbirdsandthegeneticdeterminantsofmigratorydistance.Inanewstudy,amultinationalteamofresearchersundertheleadershipofDr.ZHANXiangjiangfromtheInstituteofZoologyoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesintegratedtwostateofthearttechniques—satellitetrackingandwholegenomesequencing(基因組測(cè)序)—andestablishedacontinentalscalemigrationsystemofperegrinefalcons(游隼)inEurasianArctic.Theresearcherstracked56peregrinefalconsfromsixEurasianArcticbreedingpopulationsandsequenced35genomesfromfourofthesepopulationstostudythemigrationofthisspecies.TheyfoundthatthebirdsusedfivemigrationroutesacrossEurasia,probablyestablishedbetweenthelastIceAge22,000yearsagoandthemiddleHolocene6,000yearsago.“PeregrinefalconsinitiatedtheirautumnmigrationmainlyinSeptember,andarrivedattheirwinteringareasmainlyinOctober,”saidProfessorMikeBruford,anecologistatCardiffUniversity.“Peregrinefalconsthatdepartfromdifferentbreedinggroundsusedifferentroutes,andwinteratwidelydistributedsitesacrossfourdistinctregions.Individualbirdsthatweretrackedformorethanoneyearexhibitedstrongpathrepeatabilityduringmigration,pleteloyaltytowinteringlocationsandlimitedbreedingdispersal(擴(kuò)散).”Theresearchersquantifiedthemigrationstrategiesandfoundthatmigrationdistanceisthemostsignificantdifferentiation.Theyusedwholegenomesequencingandfoundagene—ADCY8,whichisknowntobeinvolvedinlongtermmemoryinotheranimalsinpreviousresearch—associatedwithdifferencesinmigratorydistance.TheyfoundADCY8hadavariant(變體)athighfrequencyinlongdistancemigrantpopulationsofperegrinefalcons,indicatingthisvariantisbeingfavorablyselectedbecauseitmayincreasepowersoflongtermmemorythoughttobeessentialforlongdistancemigration.“Previousstudieshaveidentifiedseveralcandidategenomicregionsthatmayregulatemigration—butourworkisthestrongestdemonstrationofaspecificgeneassociatedwithmigratorybehavioryetidentified,”P(pán)rofessorBrufordsaid.Theresearchersfurtherlookedatmodelsoflikelyfuturemigrationbehaviortopredicttheimpactofglobalwarming.Iftheclimatewarmsatthesamerateasithasinrecentdecades,theypredictperegrinepopulationsinwesternEurasiahavethehighestprobabilityofpopulationdeclineandmaystopmigratingaltogether.“Ourworkisthefirsttobegintounderstandthewayecologicalfactorsmayinteractinmigratorybirds,”saidDr.ZHANXiangjiang.“Wehopeitwillserveasacornerstonetohelpconservemigratoryspeciesintheworld”12.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Fivebirds’migrationrouteswerebuilt22,000yearsago.B.Peregrinefalconssticktotheareaswheretheywinter.C.PeregrinefalconsleaveforArcticregionsinSeptember.D.Twonovelresearchmethodsofmigrationwereinvented.13.WhatcanweinferaboutADCY8?A.Itisanewlydiscoveredgeneinthenewstudy.B.Itservesasafundamentalpartoflongdistancemigration.C.Itcouldbestrengthenedbythepoweroflongtermmemory.D.Itturnedouttobemorefavoredbybirdsthantheotheranimals.14.Whatisspecialaboutthenewstudy?A.Ithasdiscoveredanewgenomicregionofbirds.B.Ithaspredictedtherateatwhichtheclimatewarms.C.Itanalysesthereasonsforthedecreaseofperegrinefalcons.D.Itencouragesattentiontoenvironmentaleffectsonmigratorybirds.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ResearchersHelpConserveMigratorySpeciesB.BiologistsFindEvidenceofMigrationGeneinBirdsC.HowLongtermMemoryHelpsLongdistanceMigrationD.HowEcologicalFactorsAffectBirds’MigratoryDistances【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，研究表明，全球變暖對(duì)于長(zhǎng)途遷徙的鳥(niǎo)類有很大的影響。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Individualbirdsthatweretrackedformorethanoneyearexhibitedstrongpathrepeatabilityduringmigration,pleteloyaltytowinteringlocationsandlimitedbreedingdispersal(擴(kuò)散).(追蹤超過(guò)一年的單個(gè)鳥(niǎo)類在遷徙過(guò)程中表現(xiàn)出很強(qiáng)的路徑重復(fù)性，對(duì)越冬地點(diǎn)完全忠誠(chéng)，并限制繁殖擴(kuò)散。)”可知，它們對(duì)自己的越冬地點(diǎn)非常專一。故選B。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“TheyfoundADCY8hadavariant(變體)athighfrequencyinlongdistancemigrantpopulationsofperegrinefalcons,indicatingthisvariantisbeingfavorablyselectedbecauseitmayincreasepowersoflongtermmemorythoughttobeessentialforlongdistancemigration.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)ADCY8在長(zhǎng)途遷徙的游隼種群中有一種高頻率的變異，這表明這種變異被有利地選擇了，因?yàn)樗赡茉黾娱L(zhǎng)期記憶的能力，這被認(rèn)為是長(zhǎng)途遷徙的必要條件。)”可推斷，ADCY8是長(zhǎng)途遷徙中必不可少的要素。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ourworkisthefirsttobegintounderstandthewayecologicalfactorsmayinteractinmigratorybirds,”saidDr.ZHANXiangjiang.“Wehopeitwillserveasacornerstonetohelpconservemigratoryspeciesintheworld””(詹湘江博士說(shuō):“我們的工作是第一次開(kāi)始了解生態(tài)因素可能在候鳥(niǎo)中相互作用的方式。”“我們希望它能成為保護(hù)世界遷徙物種的基石。”)”可推斷，該研究的特別之處是了解了生態(tài)因素對(duì)候鳥(niǎo)的影響，希望更多的人關(guān)注這一點(diǎn)。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Previousstudieshaveidentifiedseveralcandidategenomicregionsthatmayregulatemigrationbutourworkisthestrongestdemonstrationofaspecificgeneassociatedwithmigratorybehavioryetidentified(以前的研究已經(jīng)確定了幾個(gè)可能調(diào)控遷移的候選基因組區(qū)域，但我們的工作是迄今為止與遷移行為相關(guān)的特定基因的最有力的證明。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)證實(shí)了鳥(niǎo)類身上存在的遷徙基因。所以“BiologistsFindEvidenceofMigrationGeneinBirds(生物學(xué)家在鳥(niǎo)類身上發(fā)現(xiàn)遷徙基因的證據(jù))”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyarePoliceOfficersCalledCops?Policeofficersareoftenreferredtoascops.____16____Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.____17____SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.____18____AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.____19____Anditisnolongerconsideredrude.However,certainothertermsforpoliceofficersaredefinitelyunwele.WhileBritishPolicemightnotmindbeingcalled“bobbies”,nopolicemembersliketobereferredtoas“pigs”orthe“fuzz”.Somedon’tmindthetermthe“heat”asappliedtothewholepoliceforce,butthepoliceforcedoesnotgenerallytakekindlytotermsgiventothembycriminals.Theterm“cop”isinsuchmonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.____20____AThetermisslightlylessfamiliartopeople.B.So,theLatin,Dutch,andFrenchtermsareallsimilar.C.Thesewordsdefinesomeofwhatapoliceofficerdoes.D.Theprofessionofapoliceofficerwasnotrespectedthen.E.Buttheoriginsofthisnicknamearesomethingofadebate.F.However,theterm“policeofficer”isgenerallymostcorrect.G.Todayitisappropriatetocallmembersofthepoliceforcecops.【答案】16.E17.C18.B19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述了警察為什么被稱為cops的由來(lái)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.(一些人認(rèn)為這個(gè)詞是“copper”的縮寫(xiě)，來(lái)自警察佩戴的銅徽章。也有人說(shuō)它代表“警察總隊(duì)”。)”可知，關(guān)于“cop”這個(gè)昵稱的起源存在爭(zhēng)議。因此推斷E項(xiàng)“但這個(gè)綽號(hào)的起源卻存在爭(zhēng)議。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.(然而，關(guān)于“cop”一詞起源的普遍共識(shí)表明，這個(gè)詞更多地是基于警察的工作，而不是他的服裝或頭銜。在拉丁語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞capere可以被定義為“捕獲”。在法語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞是caper?！癟ocop”在英語(yǔ)中的意思是抓住或拿走。)”可知，在不同的語(yǔ)言中有不同的詞定義了警察的部分工作，因此推斷C項(xiàng)“這些詞定義了警察的部分工作”總結(jié)上文，thesewords指代前文的詞匯。故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.(SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.（一些人還認(rèn)為，荷蘭語(yǔ)kapen也可以粗略地翻譯為“偷竊或拿走”，與警察被稱為coppers或cops有關(guān)。從本質(zhì)上講，警察的存在是為了把罪犯趕出街頭。)”和下文“AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.(由于美式英語(yǔ)主要來(lái)源于德語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和拉丁語(yǔ)，kapen或capere的特定語(yǔ)言來(lái)源為“cop”一詞創(chuàng)造了一條現(xiàn)成的路徑。)”可知，荷蘭語(yǔ)kapen可以粗略地翻譯為“偷竊或拿走”，與警察被稱為coppers或cops有關(guān)，美式英語(yǔ)來(lái)自德語(yǔ)，法語(yǔ)和拉丁語(yǔ)，因此推斷B項(xiàng)“荷蘭語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)的術(shù)語(yǔ)都很相似”承上啟下。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“And

it

is

no

longer

considered

rude.(它不再被認(rèn)為是粗魯?shù)摹?”可知，現(xiàn)在稱警察為cops不粗魯，是合適的。因此推斷G項(xiàng)“今天，把警察稱為cop是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹！狈险Z(yǔ)境，下文是對(duì)此的詳細(xì)解釋。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theterm“cop”isinsuchmonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.(“cop”這個(gè)詞現(xiàn)在被如此普遍地使用，以至于一個(gè)記錄他們工作的節(jié)目被稱為“Cops”。盡管J·埃德加·胡佛曾經(jīng)強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這個(gè)詞，但現(xiàn)在把警察或女警察稱為cop是可以的。)”可知，現(xiàn)在稱呼apoliceman或者apolicewoman是最好的，與前一段是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此推斷F項(xiàng)“然而，“police

officer”這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)通常是最正確的”。故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。HereIwas,sittingintherollercoaster(過(guò)山車)cartofKingdaKainNewJersey,thetallestandsecondfastestrollercoasteronEarth.Myfriendsshoutedinexcitement,whileIshakily___21___myhandsonmyshorts.“Howcanyoubesoexcitedwhen...”Mywordscaughtinmythroatandmeltedintoscreamsastherollercoastersuddenly___22___forward.Itwasthefastest___23___Ihadeverexperiencedinmylife:128milesperhour.Iscreamedatthetopofmy___24___asfearfrozemeupfrominside.Werapidlymoveduptheskinnyhump(駝峰)risingintothecloudsataninetydegreeangle,havingcrossedthetrackbringingusforwardinmere___25___.___26___,closetothehighestpartofthehump,I___27___alittle.Myscreamsbecamelessterrifiedandmoreenergetic.Oncewereachedthe___28___ofthehump,Icouldalmosttouchthesky.Andthenwewerespiraling(盤(pán)旋)downwards,curvingandtwistingand___29___towardsEarthatthesamespeed.____30____Irealizedit,wehadalreadymettheground.Itwasathirtysecondlongride.Imanagedto____31____theentireridewithoutabreakdown.Igaspedinsurprise.Itwasover.Ihadnotonlysurvivedtheride—Ihad____32____it.Myfriendturnedtome,hereyes____33____.“Areyoureadyforthenextrollercoaster?”MyheadfeltlightaswewalkedawayfromtheridespinningwithsomethingIdidn’t____34____recognize.Ittookmeafewminutestoputanametoit—thrill.“I’mreadyforanything.”Untiltoday,that____35____ridethatIwenton20yearsagoisstillkeptaliveinmymemory.21.A.wiped B.waved C.joined D.cleaned22.A.removed B.rocketed C.struggled D.marched23.A.launch B.operation C.ride D.flight24.A.cheeks B.throat C.heart D.lungs25.A.minutes B.hours C.seconds D.occasions26.A.Instead B.Meanwhile C.Therefore D.However27.A.brokedown B.calmeddown C.madeup D.dressedup28.A.top B.point C.track D.location29.A.swinging B.escaping C.shooting D.roaring30.A.After B.Though C.Before D.While31.A.takeoff B.carryon C.gothrough D.getthrough32.A.enjoyed B.deserved C.h