2022-2023學年湖北省武漢市部分省重點高中高二下學期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE2湖北省武漢市部分省重點高中2022-2023學年高二下學期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將〖答案〗標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的〖答案〗轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.1．Whatstillneedstobecleaned?A．Thekitchenfloor.B．Thedishes.C．Thetruck.2．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife.B．Brotherandsister.C．Friends.3．Whichdustbinisforgrass?A．Thegreenone.B．Thebrownone.C．Theblueone.4．Whatwillthemandonext?A．Helpthebirdlearntofly.B．Attackthecat.C．Savethebird.5．Wherearethespeakers?A．Atafruitmarket.B．Atalocalshop.C．Atafarm.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6.7題。6．Whatdoestheboywanttodo?A．Walkfurther.B．Havearest.C．Gofaster.7．Whatdoestheboythinkofdoingexercise?A．Funny.B．Exciting.C．Painful.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Whatisinthewoman’ssalad?A．Somefish.B．Somechicken.C．Somebeef.9．Whydoesn’tthewomaneatmeat?A．Shelovesanimalstoomuch.B．Shewantstobeingoodshape.C．Shedoesn’tliketheflavorofmeat.10．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Gonextdoor.B．Tryalittlebiteofmeat.C．Givehermeattotheman.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatdothespeakersagreetodothisweekend?A．Goonatrip.B．Gettheircarrepaired.C．Turnofftheelectricityathome.12．Whatdoesthemanthinkabouttheplan?A．Hethinksit’sacrazyidea.B．Hedoubtsifhecanconductit.C．Hebelieveshecancarryitouteasily.13．Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A．SurftheInternet.B．Getreadytogoout.C．Lookupsomeinformationinthebook.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Whatwasthewomanresponsiblefor?A．Creatingmoreparkingspaces.B．Improvingthefoodintheschool.C．Gettingmorecomputersforstudents.15．Whatismostimportanttothewoman?A．Improvingtheschool’sreputation.B．Increasingstudents’accesstoresources.C．Makinglifeeasierforparentsandteachers.16．Whatisthemanexcitedabout?A．Dancingattheendofthemonth.B．Seeingthesciencefairnextweek.C．Attendingthespringconcertnextmonth.17．Whoistheman?A．Astudentleader.B．Aschoolprincipal.C．Aschoolreporter.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．Whyismusicconsideredasatoolaccordingtothetalk?A．Itisusedforcuringanimals.B．Ithelpsinfluenceouremotions.C．Itremindsuswhattimeofyearitis.19．Whatdoesclassicalmusicdotolistenersaccordingthetalk?A．Somethingthatmakesthempeaceful.B．Somethingthatmakesthemserious.C．Somethingthatcausesthemtoremember.20．Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A．Musicatwork.B．Musicinscience.C．Musicandpainting.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AASTRONAUTCAMP-FLORIDAHaveyoueverwantedtostepintotheshoesofanastronautandexperiencerocketflightandcosmic(宇宙的)exploration?OnthisjourneytoFloridayouwillcomeascloseaspossibletothisexperiencewithoutactuallytravelingintospace.Part1-VisitthePlanetarium(天文館)Fromtraditionalstardisplaysandculturalshowsthatdetailtheimportanceofastronomyaroundtheworld,tofeaturepresentationsthatshowthedepthsofouterspace,theplanetariumhassomethingforcuriousstargazersofallages.Part2-TakePartinMissionSpaceWhat’sitliketobeanastronaut?You’llfindoutonMissionSPACE!Beforeyouboard,you’lltrainforyourmissionontheX-2DeepSpaceShuttleattheInternationalSpaceTrainingCenter(ISTC).Eachmemberofyour4-cadet(學員)crewwillassumeanimportantrole:navigator,pilot,commanderorengineer.Part3-LunchwithanAstronautThis90-minuteencounterattheSpaceCenterinCapefeaturesabuffet-stylelunchalongwithapersonalizedpresentationfromoneofcelebratedastronauts.Attheendoftheevent,there’sabriefquestion-and-answersession,plustimeforfamilyphotoswiththeastronaut.Astronautsdescribewhatit'sliketoliveinspace-eating,exercising,sleepingandtraining.Notopicisoff-limits.Part4-ExperienceRocketFlightEntertheShuttleLaunchExperience,andrecreatethefeelingofaspaceshotinrealtime,fromthelaunchpad(發(fā)射臺)toorbit.Adjustbeforesixseconds,themainenginesfireup,andasthespeakerssay“3,2,1….”therocketlaunches.1.WhatdoesMissionSpaceinclude?A.Experiencingaspaceshot. B.Preparingforaspacemission.C.Learninghowtotrainyourcrew. D.Seeingthedepthofouterspace.2.Inwhichpartcanyouaskastronautsquestions?A.AtthePlanetarium. B.OnMissionSPACE.C.AtLunchwithanAstronaut. D.IntheShuttleLaunchExperience.3.Whatisthepurposeofthisjourney?A.Toshowpeoplemodernstardisplays. B.TotrainpeopletobefutureastronautsC.Toprovidesomeknowledgeofplanetarium. D.Tohelppeoplelearnmoreaboutspacetravel.——★參考答案★——1.B2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文為一篇應用文，介紹了來自佛羅里達的太空營體驗項目?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Part2-TakePartinMissionSpace部分關鍵句“Beforeyouboard,you’lltrainforyourmissionontheX-2DeepSpaceShuttleattheInternationalSpaceTrainingCenter(ISTC).”（在你登機之前，你將在國際空間訓練中心的X-2深空航天飛機上接受任務訓練。）可知，MissionSpace包括為太空任務做準備。故選B項。【2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Part3-LunchwithanAstronaut部分關鍵句“Attheendoftheevent,there’sabriefquestion-and-answersession,plustimeforfamilyphotoswiththeastronaut.”（活動結束時，會有一個簡短的問答環(huán)節(jié)，還有與宇航員合影的時間。）可知，LunchwithanAstronaut部分能向宇航員提問。故選C項。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段關鍵句“Haveyoueverwantedtostepintotheshoesofanastronautandexperiencerocketflightandcosmicexploration?OnthisjourneytoFloridayouwillcomeascloseaspossibletothisexperiencewithoutactuallytravelingintospace.”（你曾經(jīng)想過成為一名宇航員，體驗火箭飛行和宇宙探索嗎？在這次佛羅里達之旅中，你將不用進行真正的太空旅行，就可能接近這種體驗。）可知，這場旅行的目的是幫助人們更多地了解太空旅行。故選D項。BWhatdoyoudowithyourclothesthatyoudon’twanttowearanymore?Throughcutting,stitching(縫)andredesigning.BaxterSalzwedelhasfoundafashionablewaytobesustainnble(可持續(xù)的).InMarch,recyclingclothesearnedthe17-year-oldfromElkhartLake-GlenbeulahHighSchoolinWisconsin,US,afinalistspotintheYoungEntrepreneurscompetition.ThecompetitionwashostedbyJuniorAchievementofWisconsin,anon-profitorganization.Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMadPatcher.Inthebeginning.Salzwedeljustworkedwithclothesforfun.Helearnedhissewingskillsatayoungagefromhisgrandmother.Hethenstartedtotearuphisoldjeanstotryandcreatecoolnewdesigns.ThefunhobbyquicklyturnedintoabusinessforSalzwedelwhenhisfriendsandclassmatesstartedaskinghimtomakecustomizedclothingforthem.“SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabrics(布料)fromotherclothestocreatehispatchwork(拼接)designs,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.Talkingaboutthecompetition,Salzwedelsaid,“Itwasexcitingtodothatandmeetallsortsofyoungpeoplewithsimilarideas.”TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.Meanwhile,hewillcontinuedoinghisbusinessevenafterhegraduates.ForSalzwedel,TheMadPatcherisalifelongprojectworthworkingon.4.WhatinspiredSalzwedeltodobusiness?A.Hisinterestinfashiondesign.B.Thepopularityofhispants.C.Hisgrandmother’sencouragement.D.Thegrowingproblemoffashionwaste.5.WhatdoesthetexttellusaboutTheMadPatcher?A.Itaimstopromotesecond-handclothes.B.Itusesdonatedmaterialstoreducecosts.C.Itproducessustainablefashionproducts.D.Itcopiesdesignsfromwell-establishedbrands.6.WhatdoesSalzwedelplantodowiththescholarship?A.Growhisclothingbrand.B.Earnadegreeinfashion.C.Donateittoafashionschool.D.Cooperatewithlike-mindedpeople.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSalzwedel?A.Strongbutselfish.B.Braveanddetermined.C.Talentedbutnegative.D.Creativeandgenerous.——★參考答案★——4.B5.C6.B7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了今年3月，一位來自美國威斯康辛州埃爾克哈特湖-格倫比拉高中的17歲學生憑借回收衣物入圍了青年企業(yè)家大賽的決賽。比賽由非營利組織“威斯康星青年成就”主辦。他的可持續(xù)服裝品牌TheMadPatcher贏得了1萬美元的獎學金?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.”（薩爾茲韋德爾在接受希博伊根出版社采訪時表示：“有這么多人想要它們，所以我不打算免費制作150條褲子，所以我不得不開始做生意?！保┛芍?，他的褲子很受歡迎促使薩爾茲韋德爾經(jīng)商的。故選B項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMadPatcher.”（他的可持續(xù)服裝品牌TheMadPatcher贏得了1萬美元的獎學金。）以及第五段中“Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（他只使用捐贈或回收的材料，以確保最大限度的可持續(xù)性。）可知，這篇文章告訴了我們關于TheMadPatcher，它生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)時尚產(chǎn)品。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.”（這位少年計劃用獎金去紐約的時裝技術學院學習。該學院是世界上最著名的時裝學院之一。）可知，薩爾茲韋德爾打算用獎學金去學習，獲得時尚專業(yè)的學位。故選B項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第五段“In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabricsfromotherclothestocreatehispatchworkdesigns,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（2021年，薩爾茲韋德爾創(chuàng)立了自己的服裝品牌。他使用其他衣服上色彩鮮艷、有圖案的面料來創(chuàng)作他的拼接設計，比如牛仔褲、襯衫和夾克。他只使用捐贈或回收的材料，以確保最大限度的可持續(xù)性。）和第六段“Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.”（薩爾茲韋德爾通過賣衣服賺了數(shù)千美元，他把25%的利潤捐給了非營利組織。）故可推知，富有創(chuàng)造力和慷慨大方是最能描述薩爾茨維德爾的。故選D項。CBuildinggoodtransportationisagoodidea.Tohaveenvironmentalvalue,newtransportationhastosufficientlyreplaceoreliminatedrivingtocutenergyconsumptionoverall.Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.Trafficlanesshouldbeeliminatedorconvertedintobikeorbuslanes.Ideally,theseshouldbecombinedwithhigherfueltaxes,andparkingfees.Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.Butthey’renecessary,becauseyoucan’tmakepeopledriveless,inthelongrun,bytakingstepsthatmakedrivingmorepleasant,economical,andproductive.Lengthycommuting(通勤)timeisaforcefulfactorwhichcanslowthegrowthofsuburbs.Thefartherpeopleliveawayfromcities,thelongercommutingtimetheyneed,whichmeansmorepollutiontheircarsproduce.If,inamisguidedefforttodosomethingofenvironmentalvalue,governmentstakestepsthatmakelong-distancecarcommutingfasterormoreconvenient—byaddinglanes,buildingbypass,employingtraffic-controlmeasuresthatmakeitpossibleforexistingroadstoaccommodatemorecarswithfewerdelays—weareactuallyencouragingpeopletolivestillfartherfromtheirjobs,stores,andschools.Asaresult,governmentsareforcedtofurtherextendroadnetworks,waterlines,andotherfacilities.Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.Trafficcongestion(擁堵)isn’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.Wideningroadsmakestrafficmovefasterintheshortterm,buttheimprovedconditionseventuallyattractadditionaldrivers,andcongestionreappears.Withmorecarontheroads,peoplethinkaboutwideningroadsagain.Movingdriversoutofcarsandintootherformsoftransportationcanhavethesameeffect,ifexistingtrafficlanesarekeptinservice:roadspacestimulatesroaduse.Oneoftheargumentsthatcitiesinevitablymakeinpromotingtransportationplansisthatthenewsystem,byrelievingautomobilecongestion,willimprovethelivesofthosewhocontinuetodrive.Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.8.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesusthehintthathisrecommendationsare______.A.notwidelysupported B.costlytocarryoutC.generallyrecognized D.temporarilybeneficial9.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifcommutingtimefordriversisreduced?A.Driverswillbecomemoreproductiveemployees.B.Masstransportationwillbeextendedfartherintosuburbanareas.C.Driverswillbemorewillingtolivefartherfromtheirworkingplace.D.Masstransportationwillcarryfewerpassengersandreceivelessgovernmentfunding.10.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemeasurestoimprovetraffic?A.Theyareenvironmentallybeneficialandshouldbecarriedoutimmediately.B.Theyarewellintentionedbutultimatelyleadtoenvironmentalharm.C.Theywilldefinitelyarousepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D.Theywillonlyworkiftheycanmakedrivingmoreeconomicalandproductive.11.Theauthorwrotethismassagemainlyto______.A.supporttheclaimthateffortstoreducetrafficactuallyincreasetraffic.B.opposethebeliefthatimprovingmasstransportationsystemsisgoodfortheenvironment.C.provideabalancebetweensuburbanexpansionandtrafficcongestion.D.indicatethatmakingdrivinglessagreeableisawaytoreducenegativeeffectsoftraffic.——★參考答案★——8.A9.C10.B11.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。作者提出了為緩解交通對環(huán)境造成的破壞，需要減少汽車使用，把汽車出行變得不方便。這一觀點并不為大眾所接受。他通過指出減少通勤時間的好處和現(xiàn)行的一些緩解措施的不足分析支持自己的觀點?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第五句“Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.(更不用說，我必須努力讓自己被廣泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并沒有被廣泛接受，即沒有被大眾廣泛支持。故選A項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.(如果你將通勤時間減少10%，那么現(xiàn)在每天單程開車50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因為他們的行程時間不會改變)”可知，如果通勤時間減少，人們會愿意住得離上班的地方更遠些。故選C項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一二句“Trafficcongestion(擁堵)isn’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.（交通擁堵不是環(huán)境問題；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施減少汽車總量來緩解擁堵只會使真正的問題變得更糟。公路工程師們早就知道，修建新的車道只是暫時減少擁堵，因為新車道增加了額外的駕駛。）”可知，作者認為現(xiàn)有的比如增加車道目的在不緩解擁堵，但實際上增加了駕駛，從長遠看反而對環(huán)境有害。故可推測出作者認為這些措施是出自好心，但對環(huán)境有害。故選B項?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.(這意味著新的交通系統(tǒng)必須通過減少汽車使用來支持)”和最后一句“Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.(從來沒有人通過爭論某個交通系統(tǒng)會使旅行變得不那么方便來推廣這個交通系統(tǒng)，盡管從環(huán)境角度來看，不方便的旅行是一個值得追求的目標)”可知，在作者眼里，為了緩解環(huán)境壓力，把開車出行變得不那么方便，不那么讓人開心是一個好方法在，這也是他在本文中推崇的。故選D項。DAbouttwoyearsago,severallunarmissionsshowedthatsomelunarsoilcontainsminuteamountsofwatermolecules.Butwheredidwateronthemooncomefrom?Answeringthatquestioncanhelpusunderstandthemoon’shistoryandevolution,butalsoallowfutureengineerstopotentiallytapintothisresourcewhenbuildingasustainablemoonbase.Chinesescientistshavediscoveredthatmineralsinlunarsoilmighthavegotthatsubstance(物質(zhì))criticalforlifefromsolarwindbombarding(轟炸)themoon’ssurfacewithhydrogenions(氫離子),accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationonSaturday.Inapreviousstudy,publishedinJune,Chinesescientistsconcludedthatmostwaterfoundonthemoonmayhaveoriginatedinitsinterior.Thatstudy,likethenewone,wasconductedonlunarsamplesfromChina’sChang’e-5missionin2020.ThestudyinJunefoundthatlunarsoilhadaround30partspermillionofwatercontentintheformofhydroxyl(羥基),aclosechemicalrelativeofwater.However,lunarmineralsmaycontainwatercontentofupto179ppm.Oneppmofwaterwouldyield(產(chǎn)生)around1gramofwaterpermetricton(公噸)ofsoil.Thelateststudyessentiallyconfirmedtheestimatesfromthepreviousresearch,andthoselunarmineralscouldcontainevenmorewater.Moreover,thenewstudyidentifiedsolarwindasakeymechanismfortheexistenceofwateronthemoon’ssurface.Thestudyfoundthatthesolarwindresultedatleast170ppmofwatercontentinlunarsamplesgatheredbytheChang’e-5mission.Lunarmineralssuchaspyroxene,plagioclase,andolivinearelikelythemainreservoirs(水庫)ofsolarwind-derivedwater.“Thisstudyhasimportantimplicationsforunderstandingtheevolutionofwateronthelunarsurfaceandevaluatingthecontributionofsolarwindprotons(質(zhì)子)tothewaterreservoirsofthelunarsurface,”theresearcherssaid.LunarsamplescollectedduringtheChang’e-5missionmayholdthekeystoansweringthesequestions,sincetheyaremuchyoungerthantheonescollectedbyUSandSovietmoonmissions.So,thewatercontentintheChinesesampleshashadlesstimetobeinfluencedbyotherfactors,makingthesesamplesidealforstudyingthemoon’swater.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphintendedfor?A.Toanswerthequestion. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Toclarifyaconcept. D.Tohelpusknowthemoonbetter.13.WhatdoChinesescientistsfindaboutthewaterfoundonthemoonfromthelateststudy?A.Itcouldmainlycomefromthesolarwind.B.Itcouldoriginateinthemoon’sinterior.C.Lunarsoilcontainsabundantamountsofwater.D.Lunarmineralscontainlesswaterthanexpected.14.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5andParagraph6?A.LunarsoilcontainsmorewaterthanLunarmineralsdo.B.Lunarmineralscontainrichwatercomingfromsolarwind.C.Solarwindshouldaccountfortheexistenceofwateronthemoon.D.Thelateststudybasicallyconfirmedalltheestimatesofpreviousstudy.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToreportthesuccessoftheChang’e-5mission.B.Tointroducehowtobuildasustainablemoonbase.C.Toexplaintheroleofsolarwindonthemoon.D.Toreportthefindingsofrecentstudiesonthemoon.——★參考答案★——12.B13.A14.C15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了月球上的水來自哪里?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butwheredidwateronthemooncomefrom?Answeringthatquestioncanhelpusunderstandthemoon’shistoryandevolution,butalsoallowfutureengineerstopotentiallytapintothisresourcewhenbuildingasustainablemoonbase.(但是月球上的水是從哪里來的呢？回答這個問題可以幫助我們了解月球的歷史和演化，但也可以讓未來的工程師在建造可持續(xù)的月球基地時利用這一資源。)”可知，第一段提出了一個問題，然后講述了中國科學家在這個問題上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以第一段的目的是引入話題。故選B項?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Chinesescientistshavediscoveredthatmineralsinlunarsoilmighthavegotthatsubstance(物質(zhì))criticalforlifefromsolarwindbombarding(轟炸)themoon’ssurfacewithhydrogenions(氫離子),accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationonSaturday.(根據(jù)周六發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上的一項研究，中國科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，月球土壤中的礦物質(zhì)可能已經(jīng)獲得了太陽風用氫離子轟擊月球表面對生命至關重要的物質(zhì)。)”和第五段中的“Thelateststudyessentiallyconfirmedtheestimatesfromthepreviousresearch,andthoselunarmineralscouldcontainevenmorewater.(最新的研究基本上證實了先前研究的估計，這些月球礦物可能含有更多的水。)”可知，中國科學家認為月球上的水可能來自太陽風。故選A項?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀第五段中的“Moreover,thenewstudyidentifiedsolarwindasakeymechanismfortheexistenceofwateronthemoon’ssurface.(此外，這項新研究將太陽風確定為月球表面存在水的關鍵機制。)”和第六段中的“Thestudyfoundthatthesolarwindresultedatleast170ppmofwatercontentinlunarsamplesgatheredbytheChang’e-5mission.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，太陽風導致嫦娥五號任務收集的月球樣本中的水含量至少為170ppm。)”可知，太陽風對月球表面水的形成有很重要的作用。故選C項?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“Butwheredidwateronthemooncomefrom?Answeringthatquestioncanhelpusunderstandthemoon’shistoryandevolution,butalsoallowfutureengineerstopotentiallytapintothisresourcewhenbuildingasustainablemoonbase.(但是月球上的水是從哪里來的呢？回答這個問題可以幫助我們了解月球的歷史和演化，但也可以讓未來的工程師在建造可持續(xù)的月球基地時利用這一資源。)”引出本文講述的話題，以及每一段中的首句話，比如第四段“ThestudyinJunefoundthatlunarsoilhadaround30partspermillionofwatercontentintheformofhydroxyl(羥基),aclosechemicalrelativeofwater.(六月的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，月球土壤中羥基的含水量約為30%，羥基是水的近親。)”以及第五段中的“Thelateststudyessentiallyconfirmedtheestimatesfromthepreviousresearch,andthoselunarmineralscouldcontainevenmorewater.(最新的研究基本上證實了先前研究的估計，這些月球礦物可能含有更多的水。)”等均可看出，本文作者主要介紹了科學家的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，即月球上的水可能源自太陽風。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。MatildaBrowne(1869-1947)wasasuccessfulartistintheearly20thcentury.Unfortunately,fewpeopleknowhernameorherarttoday.MatildaBrowneshowedpromisingartistictalentearlyinherlife.GrowingupinNewark,NewJersey,shegotanintroductiontoartbywatchingherneighbor,painterThomasMoran.Herparentssupportedtheirbuddingyoungartist.___16___Anditpaidoff.MatildaBrowneparticipatedinherfirstmajorexhibitionwhenshewasjusttwelveyearsold.Brownelovedtopaintanimals,especiallycowsandotheranimals.___17___Herboldbrushworkgaveherpaintingsaliveappearance.HerstyleisbestdescribedasImpressionism.MatildaBrownequicklybecamearespectedandsuccessfulartist.Herlistofhonoursopeneddoorsthatwouldhavebeenotherwiseinaccessibleforafemaleartistofhertime.Asanadult,shemovedtoConnecticut,whereshepaintedinOldLyme.___18___Sheevenhadthehonorofpaintingadooroftheirworkshop.Somesourcessaythathergoodsenseofhumorhelpedherfitinwiththeboys,whileothersclaimthatherseriousnessiswhatwonthemover.___19___Brownewasasuccessfulartistthroughoutherlife.Shewonnumerousawardsandexhibitedinmanyimportantshows.However,veryfewpeopleknowabouthertoday.Thisisamorecommonstoryforfemaleartiststhanonemightthink.So,whyhasBrownefadedintobeingunknown?___20___ShewasAmerican,whilebooksaboutAmericanImpressioniststendtofocusonthemaleartists.A.Shewastheonlywomanacceptedintothemaleartists’circlethere.B.Itwasherartisticstylethathadn’tarousedpeople’sinterest.C.Herimpressiveskillbroughtherundereveryone’snotice.D.Shealsopaintedmanyflowersincolorfulgardenlandscapes.E.Itcouldresultfromherdoubleminority—ingenderandnationality.F.HermothertookhertoEuropefortrainingwhileshewasquiteyoung.G.Eitherway,hergreatskillasapaintermadetheseotherartiststakenotice.——★參考答案★——16.F17.D18.A19.G20.E【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了藝術家MatildaBrowne的個人經(jīng)歷以及成就，和她默默無名的原因?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“MatildaBrowneshowedpromisingartistictalentearlyinherlife.GrowingupinNewark,NewJersey,shegotanintroductiontoartbywatchingherneighbor,painterThomasMoran.Herparentssupportedtheirbuddingyoungartist.(瑪?shù)贍栠_·布朗早年就表現(xiàn)出了很有前途的藝術才華。她在新澤西州的紐瓦克長大，通過觀察她的鄰居，畫家托馬斯·莫蘭，她開始接觸藝術。她的父母支持他們嶄露頭角的年輕藝術家)”以及后文“Anditpaidoff.MatildaBrowneparticipatedinherfirstmajorexhibitionwhenshewasjusttwelveyearsold.(這樣做得到了回報?，?shù)贍栠_·布朗在12歲的時候參加了她的第一次大型展覽)”可知，本段講述了MatildaBrowne小時候接受的畫畫方面的啟蒙及支持，本句旨在說明哪種行為最后取得了回報。故F選項“她很小的時候，她媽媽就帶她去歐洲訓練”符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Brownelovedtopaintanimals,especiallycowsandotheranimals.(布朗喜歡畫動物，尤其是牛和其他動物)”可知，這一段介紹她的繪畫風格。從D選項中的“also”可知,這是她風格中的另一個方面。故D選項“她還畫了許多在豐富多彩的花園風景中的花”符合語境，故選D?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Sheevenhadthehonorofpaintingadooroftheirworkshop.Somesourcessaythathergoodsenseofhumorhelpedherfitinwiththeboys,whileothersclaimthatherseriousnessiswhatwonthemover.(她甚至有幸為他們的工作間畫了一扇門。有消息稱，她的幽默感幫助她與男孩們打成一片，而另一些人則聲稱，她的認真是贏得男孩們好感的原因)”可知，后文提到她的幽默感幫助她與男孩們打成一片，說明她被男性藝術家圈子接納了，故A選項“她是那里男性藝術家圈子里唯一被接納的女性”符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Somesourcessaythathergoodsenseofhumorhelpedherfitinwiththeboys,whileothersclaimthatherseriousnessiswhatwonthemover.(有消息稱，她的幽默感幫助她與男孩們打成一片，而另一些人則聲稱，她的認真是贏得男孩們好感的原因)”可知，人們對MatildaBrowne被接納進入男性藝術家圈子進行兩方面原因的猜測，本句為本段最后一句，進行總結：但無論猜測如何，真正使她獲得關注的是她的才華。故G選項“不管怎樣，她高超的繪畫技巧引起了其他藝術家的注意”符合語境，故選G?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“So,whyhasBrownefadedintobeingunknown?(那么，為什么布朗變得默默無聞了呢？)”以及后文“ShewasAmerican,whilebooksaboutAmericanImpressioniststendtofocusonthemaleartists.(她是美國人，而關于美國印象派的書往往集中在男性藝術家身上)”可知，此空和后一句分析MatildaBrowne從那個時代的聞名到如今的默默無聞的原因。故E選項“這可能是由于她在性別和國籍上的雙重少數(shù)群體”符合語境，故選E。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Miloisarescuedog,adoptedby20-year-oldMakaylaSwift.OnemorninginNovember2021,SwiftopenedherfrontdoorinSilverSpring,Maryland,andMilo___21___running.Milorantothehouseacrossthestreet.Heseemedunsatisfiedwiththishouse,soherantotheonenextdoor,Swiftonhis___22___.“Hestarted___23___onthefrontdoor,”Swiftsays.“I’mthinking,‘Whyisheliterallytryingto___24___thehouse?’”Shewas___25___.Noteveryonewantsastrangedogontheir___26___.ButasshetriedtodragMiloaway,shecouldhearasoundcomingthroughanopenupstairswindow.Itwasavoiceyelling“Help!”Hoursearlier,around4a.m.,SherryStarrhad___27___fromherbed.“Allofasudden,standingtherebetweenthetoiletandthebathtub,I___28___,”shesays.“Iwentdownhardonthefloor.”Starris85.“Icouldnotmoveatall,”saysStarr,whowasstuckbetweenthetoiletandthebathtub.Starrwas___29___.“I’mthinking:I’mjustgoingtodiehere,”shesays.Herbest____30____,shedecided,wastolistenforthelettercarrierintheafternoonandscreamatthetopofherlungs.“Hervoicewasvery____31____,”saysSwift.“YouhadtoberightatthefrontdoortohearMrs.Starryellfor____32____unlessyouwereMilowho____33____heardStarrwhenIopenedmyownfrontdoor.”Swiftcalled911.Therescuersthoughtthey’dhavetoremovethetoilet,buttheygaveonelastpullandoutshepopped.Thoughinjured,Starr____34____atriptothehospital.Swifthasknownhershareofpain.Twoyearsago,hermotherdied.ShesaysMilohashelpedherwithhergrief.“Thatdogisa____35____,”shesays.21.A.wokeup B.tookoff C.caughtup D.heldback22.A.