2023-2024學(xué)年河南省商丘市各縣區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE2河南省商丘市各縣區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題第I卷（選擇題）一、閱讀理解：本大題共14小題，共33.5分。AA3-DayTourfromLosAngelestoSanFranciscoTourCode:GOL—LA—344Duration:3Day(s)/2NightsTourGuide:Chinese,EnglishDay1—LosAngeles—17-MileDrive—SanFranciscoWewilldepartfromLosAngelesthismorningandtraveltothepicturesqueMontereyPeninsula!Seabreezes,surgingwaves,bizarrerocks,andadorablesealsalongwithsealionsrestonthebeach.First,wewillstopataworld’sfirst-classgolfcourseresorttosightseetheamazingoceanviewsandmultimillion-dollarmansions.Thenweenjoythesceneryofthe17Milesdr.,whichistrulybreathtaking!Hotel:WildPalms,aJDVbyHyattHotelorSimilar.Day2—SanFranciscoCityTourJoinustodayasweheadovertoSanFrancisco!SanFranciscoishometoover50rollinghillsandissurroundedbywateron3sides.WewillvisittheGoldenGateBridge,LombardStreet,PalaceofFineArts,andFisherman’sWharf!YoucaneventakeanoptionalcruiseontheSanFranciscoBay.Hotel:HolidayInnExpressChowchillaorSimilar.Day3—YosemiteNationalPark—LosAngelesCaliforniaisknownforitsnaturalbeautythatitportrays,todaywewillbeshowingyouthegreatestoneofall!Itisbeyondyourimagination!WewillbevisitingYosemiteNationalPark,oneofthemostspectacularplacestovisitintheworld!Hotel→YosemiteNationalPark→LosAngelesWHAT’SEXCLUDED.×Lunchanddinner.Servicefee(minimumUSD$12/person/day)×ExpenditureforpersonalpurposesATTRACTIONPRICESAttractionsAdultChild(3—11yrs.)Senior(65+yrs.)SanFranciscoBayCruise,CA$47.00$34.00$47.00SanFranciscoIn-DepthTour,CA$45.00$45.00$45.001.Wherecanyouenjoythefamouscityattractions?A.MontereyPeninsula. B.SanFranciscoCity.C.YosemiteNationalPark. D.Denmarkcity.2.Whichofthefollowingisn’tincludedinthe3-daytour?A.TovisitYosemiteNationalPark.B.Tosightseethesceneryofthe17Milesdr.C.Tostayinthesamehotelforthe3-daytour.D.ToenjoytheoceansceneryinMontereyPeninsula.3.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildren(3-11yrs.)payforadmissiontoSanFranciscoBayCruise,CA?A.$162.00. B.$180.00. C.$175.00. D.$184.00.——★參考答案★——1.B2.C3.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了洛杉磯到舊金山3日游的信息?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day2—SanFranciscoCityTour部分中“WewillvisittheGoldenGateBridge,LombardStreet,PalaceofFineArts,andFisherman’sWharf!(我們將參觀金門大橋、倫巴第街、藝術(shù)宮和漁人碼頭)”可知，在舊金山可以欣賞到著名的城市景點(diǎn)，故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day1—LosAngeles—17-MileDrive—SanFrancisco部分中“Hotel:WildPalms,aJDVbyHyattHotelorSimilar.(酒店：野棕櫚，凱悅酒店或類似的JDV)”以及Day2—SanFranciscoCityTour部分中“Hotel:HolidayInnExpressChowchillaorSimilar.(酒店：Chowchilla快捷假日酒店或類似酒店)”可知，這次旅行第一天和第二天住得不是同一家酒店，故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中SanFranciscoBayCruise,CA的價(jià)格可知，舊金山灣游輪成年人是每人47美元，3到11歲的孩子是每人34美元，故一對(duì)夫妻和兩個(gè)3到11歲的孩子一共需要162美元。故選A。BLately,an86.6-metre-tallmass-timber(拼接木材)towerinMilwaukee,WisconsindesignedbyKorb+AssociatesArchitects,hasbeencertifiedastheworld’stallesttimberbuilding.Locatedinaneighbourhoodnearthelakefront,the25-storeytowerismadealmostentirelyfromtimberexceptforthebase,elevatorsandstairshafts(豎井).Thestructuretookonlytwoyearstobuild.Ithasaconcrete-framedpodium(基座)atthebasethatissixstoreystallandthe19-storeytimbertowerrisesfromthepodium.Thecorecontainingtheelevatorshaftandstaircaseismadeofconcretetohelpthebuildingdealwithwindandearthquakes,aswellasforfiresafetyreasons.“Ourcoresareconcrete,”Korb+AssociatesArchitectsfounderJasonKorbsaid.ThorntonTomasettiassociateAlejandroFernandez,whoworkedontheproject,saidthatthecityrequiredathree-hourfireratingforthecolumns,sotheteamworkedwiththeForestProductsLaboratorytooptimizethecolumnstomeetthisstandard.“Wethinkitwasthefirstthree-hourfiretestingoncolumns,”saidFernandez,addingthatthefloorplateshadatwo-hourrating,meaningthecomponentscanburnfortwohourswithoutlosingstructuralintegrity.Becauseofrequirementspreventingexternalwoodexposureandthedeveloper’sdesiretocapturethelakeviews,theoutsideofthestructureismadealmostentirelyofglassandmetalpanelling.BothKorbandFernandezagreedthatmanyofthedriversbehindtheprojectwereeconomic—fromtherealestateperspectiveofthefa?ade(建筑物正面)tothecostrestrictionsofthetimber.MuchofthewoodwassourcedfromAustriabecausesourcinghigh-qualitysuppliesfromNorthAmericanmanufacturerswouldhavebeentooexpensive.Economicbenefitswereincreasedbylabourusageoftheproject.Korbestimatedthattheprojectusedabout25percentoftheonsitelabourrequiredforaconcretestructureandthatitwascompletedinabouthalfthetime.BothFernandezandKorbbelievethatthetowerwillprovidefurtherproofofconceptfordeveloperswhoarelookingtocreateinnovativestructuresfromtimber.Andmid-risedevelopmentslikethesethat“attractpeopletotheurbancore”area“good”thing,Korbadded.4.Whatcanweknowaboutthebuilding?A.Itisabout19-storeytall. B.Itscoresaremadeoftimber.C.Itisthetallestbuildingintheworld. D.Itcanstandthree-hourfiretestingoncolumns.5.Whereisthewoodusedforconstructionfrom?A.Austria. B.NorthAmerica.C.TheWisconsinstate. D.TheForestProductsLaboratory.6.WhatdoesKorbthinkoftheproject?A.Itistime-saving. B.Itisdifficultandcostly.C.Itisenvironment-friendly. D.Itisenergy-consuming.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Moredeveloperswillchoosetimbertobuildtallbuildings.B.Thetimbertowerisagoodexampleofinnovativestructure.C.Mid-risedevelopmentswillbecomemoreandmorepopular.D.Innovativestructuresfromtimberwillneedmoreimprovements.——★參考答案★——4.D5.A6.A7.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了近年來(lái)歐美國(guó)家出現(xiàn)了一些用拼接木材建造的高樓，其中一棟去年完工的大樓是目前全世界最高的木制建筑?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“sotheteamworkedwiththeForestProductsLaboratorytooptimizethecolumnstomeetthisstandard.“Wethinkitwasthefirstthree-hourfiretestingoncolumns,”saidFernandez”（因此該團(tuán)隊(duì)與森林產(chǎn)品實(shí)驗(yàn)室合作，優(yōu)化這些柱子，以滿足這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。費(fèi)爾南德斯說(shuō)：“我們認(rèn)為這是對(duì)柱子進(jìn)行的第一次三小時(shí)的防火測(cè)試?！保┛芍?，關(guān)于這棟樓我們知道它的柱子可以經(jīng)受三個(gè)小時(shí)的防火測(cè)試。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“MuchofthewoodwassourcedfromAustriabecausesourcinghigh-qualitysuppliesfromNorthAmericanmanufacturerswouldhavebeentooexpensive.”（大部分木材來(lái)自?shī)W地利，因?yàn)閺谋泵乐圃焐棠抢锊少?gòu)高質(zhì)量的木材成本太高。）可知，建筑用的木材來(lái)自?shī)W地利。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Korbestimatedthattheprojectusedabout25percentoftheonsitelabourrequiredforaconcretestructureandthatitwascompletedinabouthalfthetime.”（Korb估計(jì)，該項(xiàng)目使用了混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)所需的25%的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)力，并在大約一半的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。）可推知，Korb認(rèn)為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目很省時(shí)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“BothFernandezandKorbbelievethatthetowerwillprovidefurtherproofofconceptfordeveloperswhoarelookingtocreateinnovativestructuresfromtimber.”（Fernandez和Korb都認(rèn)為，這座塔將為那些尋求用木材創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)新結(jié)構(gòu)的開發(fā)商提供進(jìn)一步的概念證明。）可推知，木塔是創(chuàng)新結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)很好的例子。故選B項(xiàng)。CFancyspendingyoursummerbreakimprovingyourskillsandpreparingforyourfirstjob?WehavegatheredthebestsummerprogramsinSingaporeinrecentyears.Nowyouwillbeabletonarrowdownyourchoicesandmakeadecision.StandOutGlobalSummerProgramAtStandOutSummerSchool,oneofyourmissionswillbetoworkasanintern(實(shí)習(xí)學(xué)生)withleadersinthebusinessworldwhohaveplentyofyearsofexperienceinthefield.Throughthisprogram,youcanboostyourknowledgebyinteractingwithexpertsinfieldslikedigitalmarketing,entrepreneurship(創(chuàng)業(yè)),investment,etc.Whereveryoucomefrom,theschoolwillwelcomeyouintheirdetailedprogram.NTUSummerSchoolProgramNanyangTechnologicalUniversitywilltakeyouonauniqueexperienceintheirsummercamp.InNTU’ssummerschool,youwillbeabletoenjoyyourfavoritebusinesstrackoutoffivedifferentoptions.Eachtrackwillleadyoutoaninternship(實(shí)習(xí)期)atatop-rankedcompanylastingfrom3weeksto2months.NUSSummerSchoolProgramTheNationalUniversityofSingaporeoffersoneoftheleadingsummercampsinSingapore.Theprogramisdesignedforstudentswhoarefromitspartneruniversitieslocatedallaroundtheworld.Withpassionasoneoftheuniversity’scorevalues,theNUSSummerSchoolguaranteescontinuousdevelopmentforitsstudents.SingaporeManagementUniversityGlobalSummerProgramWithitsthirdGlobalSummerProgramstartinginJuly,SingaporeManagementUniversityoffersinternationalstudentsanunforgettableopportunity:4weeksoflearninginSingapore,withaweekspentoverseasinanotherAsiancitytocombineanunmatchedexperience.Getintouchwithustogetallyourquestionsaboutglobalsummerprogramsanswered!8.What’sthepurposeoftheseprograms?A.Helpstudentstoenhancetheirskills.B.Spendoverseasinsummerbreak.C.Enjoystudents’favoritebusinesstrack.D.Workasaninternwithleadersinthebusinessworld.9.Whichprogramonlyallowsstudentsfromitspartneruniversitiestojoin?A.StandOutGlobalSummerProgram.B.NUSSummerSchoolProgram.C.NTUSummerSchoolProgram.D.SingaporeManagementUniversityGlobalSummerProgram.10.HowmanyweeksdoesSingaporeManagementUniversityGlobalSummerProgramlast?A.Three. B.Four. C.Five. D.Eight.——★參考答案★——8.A9.B10.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要推薦了近年來(lái)新加坡最好的暑期項(xiàng)目，從而幫助學(xué)生利用暑假提高自己的技能?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Fancyspendingyoursummerbreakimprovingyourskillsandpreparingforyourfirstjob?WehavegatheredthebestsummerprogramsinSingaporeinrecentyears.Nowyouwillbeabletonarrowdownyourchoicesandmakeadecision.(想利用暑假提高自己的技能，為自己的第一份工作做準(zhǔn)備嗎？我們匯集了近年來(lái)新加坡最好的暑期項(xiàng)目。現(xiàn)在你就可以縮小你的選擇范圍并做出決定了。)”可知，這些暑期項(xiàng)目的目的是利用暑假幫助學(xué)生提高自己的技能。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NUSSummerSchoolProgram部分中的“TheNationalUniversityofSingaporeoffersoneoftheleadingsummercampsinSingapore.Theprogramisdesignedforstudentswhoarefromitspartneruniversitieslocatedallaroundtheworld.(新加坡國(guó)立大學(xué)提供新加坡一流的夏令營(yíng)之一。該項(xiàng)目是為來(lái)自世界各地合作大學(xué)的學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)的。)”可知，新加坡國(guó)立大學(xué)只為來(lái)自其合作大學(xué)的學(xué)生提供夏令營(yíng)項(xiàng)目。故選B?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SingaporeManagementUniversityGlobalSummerProgram部分中的“WithitsthirdGlobalSummerProgramstartinginJuly,SingaporeManagementUniversityoffersinternationalstudentsanunforgettableopportunity:4weeksoflearninginSingapore,withaweekspentoverseasinanotherAsiancitytocombineanunmatchedexperience.(新加坡管理大學(xué)將于今年7月啟動(dòng)第三屆全球暑期項(xiàng)目，為國(guó)際學(xué)生提供一個(gè)難忘的機(jī)會(huì)：在新加坡學(xué)習(xí)4周，并在另一個(gè)亞洲城市度過(guò)一周，以獲得無(wú)與倫比的海外體驗(yàn)。)”可知，新加坡管理大學(xué)的暑期項(xiàng)目總計(jì)五周時(shí)間。故選C。DNowadays,smartphonesfilluswithtextmessages.Socialmediaattackuswithendlessnotices.Manyconsumersarebuyingthelatestdigitaldevices,fromtabletsandfitnesstrackerstocommercialdrones.Simplelivingseemstobeathingofthepast.Thoreauwouldbegtodiffer.Asawriterwhoclaimedthevalueofsimplicityalmosttwocenturiesago,hewentagainsthistime.HelivedduringtheheightoftheIndustrialAge,distinguishedbytheriseofhugefactoriesandpowerfulmachinessuchassteamengines.Thoreauwithdrewfromcitylifetolivealoneinthewoods.HebroughtwithhimonlythenecessitiesoflifeandwroteaboutthisadventureinhisbookWalden.InWalden,Thoreauisbasicallymakingaphilosophicalstatement:Wearenotlivingdeliberateormeaningfullives,thankstomoderntechnology.Wecreatedpowerfulmachinestomakelifemoreconvenient.Unfortunately,thesemachineshavedonetheopposite.Inhiswords,“Menhavebecomethetoolsoftheirtools”.Whentechnologycausesthatmuchdistractionandconfusion,itmaybehealthytosimplifylifebyshorteningthesetechnologicaluse.Personally,I’vedonesointwoways.First,Idon’tusedataonmycellphone.Ionlyuseittocallortext.Second,Iquitmostsocialmedia.Asaresult,mytechnologydistractsmeverylittle,whichallowsmetolivein.lessconfusionand,therefore,moredeliberation.Sure,that’snotasextremeasThoreau-movingtothewoods,butit’sarealisticmoveIcanmaketowardamoremeaningfullife.Onefinalclarification:Thoreau’smessageofsimplicityisn’taboutrejectingalltechnology.Itis,however,rejectingtechnologicalconsumerism,orcompulsivelybuyingmoretechnologyforthesakeofhavingmoretechnology.ThisiswhyWaldenissuchanimportantbookfortechnologyeducation.Simplicitymeansminimizingmaterialdistractionssoastomaximizelife’smeaning.11.WhatdoweknowaboutThoreauinparagraph2?A.Helivedinthehighindustrialbuilding.B.Hemovedtoaplaceclosetonature.C.Hethoughthighlyofmoderntechnology.D.Hewasfondofadventureinurbanareas.12.WhyarepeoplenotlivingmeaningfullivesaccordingtoThoreau?A.Menhaven’tmadefulluseoftheirtechnology.B.Somedigitaldevicesareinconvenienttouse.C.Menhavebecometheslavesofmoderntechnology.D.Modernmachinesarepowerfulenoughtocontrolpeople.13.Howdoestheauthorshortentechnologicaluse?A.Byusingdateonthephone. B.Byabusingtechnologicaldevices.C.Bylivinginlessconfusion. D.Byquittingusingmostsocialmedia.14.WhichstatementwillThoreauprobablyagreewithfromthelastparagraph?A.Lessismore. B.Themore,thebetter.C.Knowledgeispower. D.Nopains,nogains.——★參考答案★——11.B12.C13.D14.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，文章描述了如今各種科技充斥著生活各方面的現(xiàn)象，介紹了倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單價(jià)值的作家Thoreau，以及自己是如何通過(guò)縮短這些科技的使用來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化生活的?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thoreauwithdrewfromcitylifetolivealoneinthewoods.(Thoreau退出城市生活，獨(dú)自一人住在樹林里)”可知，Thoreau搬到了一個(gè)接近大自然的地方，故選B?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Wearenotlivingdeliberateormeaningfullives,thankstomoderntechnology.(由于現(xiàn)代科技，我們沒(méi)有過(guò)著深思熟慮或有意義的生活)”和“Inhiswords,‘Menhavebecomethetoolsoftheirtools’.(用他的話來(lái)說(shuō)，‘人類已經(jīng)成為工具的工具’)”可知，按照Thoreau的觀點(diǎn)，人們沒(méi)有過(guò)上有意義的生活是因?yàn)樗麄兂蔀榱爽F(xiàn)代科技的奴隸，故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Second,Iquitmostsocialmedia.(其次，我退出了大多數(shù)社交媒體)”可知，作者縮短對(duì)科技的使用的第二種方法是退出大多數(shù)的社交媒體，故選D。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Onefinalclarification:Thoreau’smessageofsimplicityisn’taboutrejectingalltechnology.Itis,however,rejectingtechnologicalconsumerism,orcompulsivelybuyingmoretechnologyforthesakeofhavingmoretechnology.ThisiswhyWaldenissuchanimportantbookfortechnologyeducation.Simplicitymeansminimizingmaterialdistractionssoastomaximizelife’smeaning.(最后要澄清的是：Thoreau的簡(jiǎn)單思想并不是要拒絕所有的科技。然而，它拒絕科技消費(fèi)主義，或者為了擁有更多科技而強(qiáng)制購(gòu)買更多科技。這就是為什么《瓦爾登湖》是一本如此重要的技術(shù)教育書籍。簡(jiǎn)單意味著盡量減少物質(zhì)上的干擾，從而使生活的意義最大化)”可知，Thoreau并不是要拒絕所有的科技，而是要讓科技減少對(duì)生活的干擾，從而使生活意義最大化，故A項(xiàng)“少即是多”意思是簡(jiǎn)單的東西往往帶給人們的是更多的享受，與Thoreau的觀點(diǎn)一致，故選A。二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共10分。StagesofaHurricane:SimpleStormsGrowIntoGiantsAstormprogressesthroughfourdifferentstagesbeforeitisactuallyconsideredahurricane.Firstisatropical(熱帶的)disturbance,whichhasthunderstormsandrotating(旋轉(zhuǎn)的)winds.Nextisatropicaldepression(低氣壓),whichissimilartoatropicaldisturbance,buthaswindsbetween23and39milesperhour.Atropicalstormisthenextlevel,whichhasstrongerwindspeedsbetween40and73milesperhour.____15____Thewindpicksupenergyfromthewarmsurfaceoceanwater.Asahurricanecrossesoverland,itbeginstobecomeweakerandreduceinstrength.____16____Atthispoint,ahurricanecanstillcausealotofdamagebecauseofhighwinds,rain,andflooding,butunlessitmakesitswaybackovertheopenocean,itisdowngradedfromahurricanebacktoatropicalstorm.What’sYourName,Hurricane?Hurricanesandtropicalstormsaregivennamestohelppeoplerecognizethem.____17____Before1953,hurricaneswerenotgivenofficialnames.From1953through1978,hurricaneswereonlyfemalenameslikeIsabel,Camille,Claudette,andWilma.Beginningin1979,hurricanesweregiventhenamesofbothwomenandmen.____18____Forexample,in2010,stormswerenamedasfollows:Alex(male),Bonnie(female),Colin(male),Danielle(female),Earl(male)andsoon.Therearesixdifferentlistsofnamesthatchange.___19___Theonlywaythatanewnameisaddedisadoptedwhenahurricanehasbeenparticularlydeadlyorcostlyandthenameisretired,thenreplacedwithanewone.A.Itisdifficulttogivehurricanesofficialnames.B.Andthesamenamesareusedeverysixyears.C.Duringthisperiodthehurricanesdonotdestroythingsasusual.D.Oncewindsreach74milesperhour,thestormisofficiallycalledahurricane.E.Scientistsrefertohurricanesandstormsbynameastheytrackthemacrosstheocean.F.Thisisbecauseit’snolongeroverthewarmoceanwaterwhereitneedsforenergy.G.Today,thenamesalternate(交替)maleandfemale,andtheyarenamedintheorderofletters.——★參考答案★——15.D16.F17.E18.G19.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了颶風(fēng)的四個(gè)階段和其命名方式?！?5題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Astormprogressesthroughfourdifferentstagesbeforeitisactuallyconsideredahurricane.Firstisatropical(熱帶的)disturbance,whichhasthunderstormsandrotating(旋轉(zhuǎn)的)winds.Nextisatropicaldepression(低氣壓),whichissimilartoatropicaldisturbance,buthaswindsbetween23and39milesperhour.Atropicalstormisthenextlevel,whichhasstrongerwindspeedsbetween40and73milesperhour.(一場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴經(jīng)過(guò)四個(gè)不同的階段才真正被視為颶風(fēng)。首先是熱帶擾動(dòng)，有雷暴和旋轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)。接下來(lái)是熱帶低氣壓，類似于熱帶擾動(dòng)，但風(fēng)速在每小時(shí)23至39英里之間。熱帶風(fēng)暴是下一級(jí)，其風(fēng)速在每小時(shí)40至73英里之間。)”可知，一場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴經(jīng)過(guò)四個(gè)不同的階段才真正被視為颶風(fēng)，前面講了三個(gè)階段，這里應(yīng)該講到風(fēng)暴形成颶風(fēng)的最后一個(gè)階段。D項(xiàng)“Duringthisperiodthehurricanesdonotdestroythingsasusual.(一旦風(fēng)速達(dá)到每小時(shí)74英里，風(fēng)暴就被正式稱為颶風(fēng))”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。【16題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Asahurricanecrossesoverland,itbeginstobecomeweakerandreduceinstrength.(當(dāng)颶風(fēng)穿過(guò)陸地時(shí)，它開始變得更弱，強(qiáng)度降低。)”可知，下面要講到颶風(fēng)變?nèi)醯脑颉項(xiàng)“Thisisbecauseit’snolongeroverthewarmoceanwaterwhereitneedsforenergy.(這是因?yàn)樗辉偬幱谛枰芰康臏嘏Ｋ稀?”解釋了颶風(fēng)因?yàn)椴辉跍嘏Ｋ纤宰內(nèi)醯脑?，符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。【17題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Hurricanesandtropicalstormsaregivennamestohelppeoplerecognizethem.(颶風(fēng)和熱帶風(fēng)暴被命名以幫助人們識(shí)別它們。)”可知，颶風(fēng)有自己的名稱。以及空后“Before1953,hurricaneswerenotgivenofficialnames.From1953through1978,hurricaneswereonlyfemalenameslikeIsabel,Camille,Claudette,andWilma.Beginningin1979,hurricanesweregiventhenamesofbothwomenandmen.(從1953年到1978年，颶風(fēng)都是女性的名字，比如伊莎貝爾、卡米爾、克勞德特和威爾瑪。從1979年開始，颶風(fēng)的名字有男有女。)”可知，這里介紹了科學(xué)家給颶風(fēng)命名的具體名稱。E項(xiàng)“Scientistsrefertohurricanesandstormsbynameastheytrackthemacrosstheocean.(當(dāng)科學(xué)家們?cè)诤Ｑ笾凶粉欙Z風(fēng)和風(fēng)暴時(shí)，他們會(huì)用名字來(lái)稱呼它們。)”提到了科學(xué)家給颶風(fēng)和風(fēng)暴命名，符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Beginningin1979,hurricanesweregiventhenamesofbothwomenandmen.(從1979年開始，颶風(fēng)的名字有男有女。)”可知，颶風(fēng)名字有男有女。以及空后“Forexample,in2010,stormswerenamedasfollows:Alex(male),Bonnie(female),Colin(male),Danielle(female),Earl(male)andsoon.(例如，2010年，風(fēng)暴的命名如下:Alex(男性)、Bonnie(女性)、Colin(男性)、Danielle(女性)、Earl(男性)等。)”可知，這里舉了一些男女名詞代表颶風(fēng)。G項(xiàng)“Today,thenamesalternate(交替)maleandfemale,andtheyarenamedintheorderofletters.(今天，名字是男女交替的，而且是按字母順序命名的。)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)空前“Therearesixdifferentlistsofnamesthatchange.(有六組不同的會(huì)改變的名字列表)”可知，這里講到颶風(fēng)的命名也會(huì)發(fā)生改變。以及空后“Theonlywaythatanewnameisaddedisadoptedwhenahurricanehasbeenparticularlydeadlyorcostlyandthenameisretired,thenreplacedwithanewone.(添加新名稱的唯一方法是，當(dāng)颶風(fēng)造成特別致命或造成特別嚴(yán)重的損失時(shí)，該名稱被淘汰，然后用一個(gè)新名稱取而代之。)”可知，這里颶風(fēng)的名字很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才會(huì)換，name和選項(xiàng)中的name是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。B項(xiàng)“Andthesamenamesareusedeverysixyears.(同樣的名字每六年更換一次。)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。三、完形填空：本大題共15小題，共15分。Afewyearsago,Istartedadailyrunninghabit.Afterafewmonths,Ifoundmyselfinagood____20____:Runningwasgettingmentallyandphysicallyeasier,andInoticedIhadmore____21____throughouttheday.Butafteraboutayear,Istartedgetting____22____inmyanklesandknees—nothing____23____,butenoughformetoconstantly____24____ifIwasdamagingmybodymore.Myrunninghabitstartedto____25____mydailylife,soIdecidedtomakea____26____.Now,Idoregularfull-body____27____andonlyrunonceaweek.AndonthedayswhenIdon’tdofullworkouts,Igoforawalk.Mybodyfeelsstronger,andmymindisclearer.Ialsorevisitedmy____28____habit.WhenIfirststartedwriting,mygoalwastoonedaygetabookdealfromamajor_____29_____.AndsoIbuilthabitstogetmethere.I_____30_____talkedtopeopleinthepublishingworldand_____31_____myselftowritepagesandpageseachday.WhileIwasdoingthis,Ikeptwriting_____32_____articlesontheside.Soon,though,I_____33_____ashift:Readerskepttellingmethattheyfoundvalueintheseshorterpieces,andit_____34_____thatthiswasthetypeofcontentIenjoyedwritingmost.SoI’vechangedmywritinghabits.Eventhebestroutinesareuselessiftheyarenolongerservingyou.Justgetridofthem,andreplacethemwithnewonesthatwillhelpyougetwhereyouwanttogo.20.A.place B.order C.routine D.circle21.A.energy B.time C.interest D.confidence22.A.covered B.burnt C.cut D.injured23.A.major B.common C.small D.wrong24.A.imagine B.wonder C.suppose D.assess25.A.disturb B.build C.save D.simplify26.A.plan B.change C.difference D.wish27.A.treatment B.examination C.exercise D.stretch28.A.working B.sleeping C.eating D.writing29.A.publisher B.designer C.editor D.advertiser30.A.eventually B.regularly C.properly D.hurriedly31.A.allowed B.advised C.pushed D.commanded32.A.wonderful B.short C.attractive D.complex33.A.formed B.brought C.caused D.noticed34.A.insistedon B.heldup C.turnedout D.believedin——★參考答案★——20.C21.A22.D23.A24.B25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.B31.C32.B33.D34.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在改變了運(yùn)動(dòng)和寫作習(xí)慣以后，身體和事業(yè)都有了好的轉(zhuǎn)變。作者認(rèn)為：如果你的習(xí)慣不能為你服務(wù)的話，即使是再好也沒(méi)有用。把它們?nèi)拥?，換上新的，這會(huì)幫助你到達(dá)你想去的地方?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)月后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己養(yǎng)成了一個(gè)很好的習(xí)慣：跑步在精神上和身體上都變得更容易了，我注意到我一整天都有更多的精力。A.place地方；B.order訂單；C.routine常規(guī)，慣例；D.circle圓圈。根據(jù)前文“Afewyearsago,Istartedadailyrunninghabit.(幾年前，我養(yǎng)成了每天跑步的習(xí)慣。)”可知，此處是指養(yǎng)成了一個(gè)很好的習(xí)慣。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.energy精力；B.time時(shí)間；C.interest興趣；D.confidence信心。根據(jù)上文“Runningwasgettingmentallyandphysicallyeasier(跑步在精神上和身體上都變得更容易了)”可知，此處是指一整天都有更多的精力。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞詞義辨析。句意：但大約一年后，我的腳踝和膝蓋開始受傷——沒(méi)什么大不了的，但足以讓我不斷懷疑自己是否對(duì)身體造成了更大的傷害。A.covered有遮蓋物的；B.burnt燒壞的；C.cut切；D.injured受傷的。根據(jù)下文“ifIwasdamagingmybodymore(是否對(duì)身體造成了更大的傷害)”可知，此處是指腳踝和膝蓋開始受傷。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.major嚴(yán)重的；B.common普遍的；C.small小的；D.wrong錯(cuò)誤的。根據(jù)下文“butenoughforme(但是足以使我……)”可知，此處是指沒(méi)什么嚴(yán)重的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.imagine想象；B.wonder想知道；C.suppose推斷；D.assess評(píng)估。根據(jù)下文“ifIwasdamagingmybodymore(是否對(duì)身體造成了更大的傷害)”可知，此處是指想知道自己是否對(duì)身體造成了更大的傷害，故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的跑步習(xí)慣開始擾亂我的日常生活，所以我決定做出改變。A.disturb擾亂；B.build建立；C.save節(jié)??；D.simplify簡(jiǎn)化。根據(jù)上文“Butafteraboutayear,Istartedgettinginjuredinmyanklesandknees(但大約一年后，我的腳踝和膝蓋開始受傷)”可知，此處是指跑步習(xí)慣開始擾亂“我”的日常生活，故選A項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.plan計(jì)劃；B.change改變；C.difference不同；D.wish愿望。根據(jù)后文“andonlyrunonceaweek(并且每周只跑一次)”可知，此處是指決定做出改變，故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，我定期做全身運(yùn)動(dòng)，每周只跑步一次。A.treatment治療；B.examination考試；C.exercise鍛煉，運(yùn)動(dòng)；D.stretch伸展。根據(jù)“andonlyrunonceaweek(每周只跑步一次)”以及“AndonthedayswhenIdon’tdofullworkouts,Igoforawalk.(在我不進(jìn)行全面鍛煉的日子里，我會(huì)去散步。)”可知，此處是指定期做全身運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)名詞詞義辨析。句意：我也重新審視了自己的寫作習(xí)慣。A.working工作；B.sleeping睡眠；C.eating吃；D.writing寫作。根據(jù)后文“WhenIfirststartedwriting(最初我開始寫作的時(shí)候)”可知，此處是指重新審視了自己的寫作習(xí)慣，故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最初我開始寫作的時(shí)候，我的目標(biāo)是有一天能和一家大的出版社簽訂出書協(xié)議。A.publisher出版社；B.designer設(shè)計(jì)師；C.editor編輯；D.advertiser廣告商。根據(jù)上文“getabookdeal(簽訂出書協(xié)議)”可知，此處是指和一家大的出版社簽訂出書協(xié)議，故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我經(jīng)常和出版界的人交談，強(qiáng)迫自己每天寫一頁(yè)又一頁(yè)。A.eventually最終；B.regularly經(jīng)常地；C.properly恰當(dāng)?shù)?；D.hurriedly匆忙地。根據(jù)前文“AndsoIbuilthabitstogetmethere.(所以我養(yǎng)成了一些習(xí)慣來(lái)達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)。)”可知，此處是指經(jīng)常和出版界的人交談，故選B項(xiàng)。【31題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.allowed允許；B.advised建議；C.pushed強(qiáng)迫；D.commanded命令。根據(jù)下文“myselftowritepagesandpageseachday(……自己每天寫一頁(yè)又一頁(yè))”可知，此處是指強(qiáng)迫自己每天寫一頁(yè)又一頁(yè)，故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在做這些的時(shí)候，我一直在兼職寫一些短文。A.wonderful精彩的；B.short簡(jiǎn)短的；C.attractive有吸引力的；D.complex復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)后文“Readerskepttellingmethattheyfoundvalueintheseshorterpieces(讀者不斷地告訴我，他們?cè)谶@些短小的文章中發(fā)現(xiàn)了價(jià)值)”可知，此處是指一直在兼職寫一些短文，故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但很快，我注意到一個(gè)變化：讀者不斷告訴我，他們?cè)谶@些較短的文章中發(fā)現(xiàn)了價(jià)值，事實(shí)證明，這是我最喜歡寫的內(nèi)容類型。A.formed形成；B.brought帶來(lái)；C.caused引起；D.noticed注意到。根據(jù)下文“Readerskepttellingmethattheyfoundvalueintheseshorterpieces(讀者不斷地告訴我，他們?cè)谶@些短小的文章中發(fā)現(xiàn)了價(jià)值)”可知，此處是指注意到一個(gè)變化，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：同上。A.insistedon堅(jiān)持；B.heldup阻擋；C.turnedout證明是；D.believedin信任。根據(jù)下文“thatthiswasthetypeofcontentIenjoyedwritingmost(這是我最喜歡寫的內(nèi)容)”可知，此處是指事實(shí)證明這是“我”最喜歡寫的內(nèi)容類型，故選C項(xiàng)。第II卷（非選擇題）四、語(yǔ)法填空：本大題共1小題，共15分。閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。OnthenorthbankofFuxianLakeinChengjiangCounty,YunnanProvincesitsastraw-hat-shapedmountain____35____(call)MaotianMountain,____36____a512-hectaresiteispraisedasa“world-classtreasuretroveoffossils”bytheinternationalscientificcommunity.OnJuly1,1984,youngpaleontologistsinChinadiscoveredafossilofthearthropod(節(jié)肢動(dòng)物化石)withalongtailinMaotianMountain.“___37___wehadstudiedinChinawerejustshelloffossils.Thearthropods,lifelikefossilswithlegs,whichbelongedtofossilsofsoft-bodiedanimals,are___38___gamechangerintheresearchofChina’spaleontology(古生物學(xué))”,HouXianguang,apaleontologistsaid.ScientistshaveobtainedalargenumberofresearchresultsonChengjiangFossilSite.ThereasonwhyChengjiangfauna(動(dòng)物群)is___39___greatsignificanceisthatitiscloselyrelatedtotheemergenceoftheanimaltreeoflife.Uptonow,morethan20phylaandmorethan280species___40___(record)intheChengjiangFossilSite,ofwhich,80%arenewspecies.OnJuly1,2012,theChengjiangFossilSite____41____(be)inscribedontheWorldHeritageListbyUNESCO,____42____(become)China’sfirstWorldHeritageSiteforpaleontologicalfossils.TheUNESCOevaluationsaystheChengjiangFossilSiteisoneofthe___43___(early)recordsofacomplexmarineecosystemoftheearlyCambriancommunities.Thepropertydisplaysexcellentqualityoffossil___44___(preserve).ItpresentsanexceptionalrecordoftherapiddiversificationoflifeonEarthduringtheearlyCambrianperiod.——★參考答案★——35.called36.where37.What38.a39.of40.havebeenrecorded41.was42.becoming43.earliest44.preservation【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要介紹了云南省的澄江化石遺址?！?5題詳析】考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：在云南省澄江縣撫仙湖北岸，坐落著一座草帽狀的山，名為“帽天山”，這里占地512公頃，被國(guó)際科學(xué)界譽(yù)為“世界級(jí)的化石寶庫(kù)”。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞call和邏輯主語(yǔ)mountain之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填called?！?6題詳析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是MaotianMountain，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，故填where。【37題詳析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們?cè)谥袊?guó)研究的只是化石的外殼。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，指物，應(yīng)用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)，首字母應(yīng)大寫，故填What?！?8題詳析】考查不定冠詞。句意：“節(jié)肢動(dòng)物是一種有腿的栩栩如生的化石，屬于軟體動(dòng)物化石，是中國(guó)古生物學(xué)研究的一個(gè)游戲規(guī)則改變者?！惫派飳W(xué)家HouXianguang說(shuō)。changer是可數(shù)名詞且以輔音音素開頭，此處表示泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a，故填a?！?9題詳析】考查介詞。句意：澄江動(dòng)物群之所以意義重大，是因?yàn)樗c動(dòng)物生命之樹的出現(xiàn)密切相關(guān)。beofgreatsignificance是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“意義重大”，相當(dāng)于beverysignificant，故填of?！?0題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：截至目前，澄江化石遺址已記錄到20余門280余種，其中80%為新種。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Uptonow”可知句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)species和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞record之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，助動(dòng)詞用have，故填havebeenrecorded。【41題詳析】考