高中英語(yǔ)北師大版必修二UNIT 6　Period 2　Lesson 1 A Medical Pioneer-Reading Comprehension

APIONEERFORALLPEOPLEYuanLongping,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”，wasoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehaddevoted?hislife.YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortage?offoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvinced?thattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventional?crops.However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Today,itisestimated?thatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumption?inChinaiscomprisedofcropsgenerated?fromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontributions,YuanLongpingreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.(節(jié)選自新教材人教版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit5)1.devote/d?′v??t/vt.把……獻(xiàn)(給)；專心于2．shortage/′???t?d?/n.不足；缺少；短缺3．convince/k?n′v?ns/vt.使相信；說(shuō)服4．conventional/k?n′ven??nl/adj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)慣的5．estimate/′est?m?t/vt.&n．估計(jì)；估算6．consumption/k?n′s?mp?n/n.消耗；消費(fèi)7．generate/′d?en?re?t/vt.產(chǎn)生；引起Period2Lesson1AMedicalPioneer—ReadingComprehensionⅠ.匹配單詞1．effective A．groupofassistantsworkingtogetherinabusiness2．a(chǎn)ward B．producingthedesiredresult3．establish C．a(chǎn)tlast，intheend4．resource D5．staff E．showingsignsoflikelyfuturesuccess6．eventually F．supplyofrawmaterials7．promising G．a(chǎn)prizesuchasmoney，etc.forsththatsbhasdone8．renowned H．thatcandevelopintosthorbedevelopedinthefuture9．potential I．tocombinetwoormorethingssothattheyworktogether10．integrate J．widelyknown答案1.B2.G3.D4.F5.A6.C7.E8.J9．H10.IⅡ.選詞填空apartfrom，comeacross，leadto，volunteertodo，alongwith1．Ithasbeenprovedthatgreenhouseeffectwillleadtonaturaldisasters.2．TheschooloffersJapaneseclassesapartfromEnglishcourses.3．Tommy，alongwithhisparents，survivedthehorribleflood.4．Whenthevillagersheardthenewsofalandslide，manyvolunteeredtosavethetrapped.5．ItwaswhenIwaswalkinginthewoodsthatIcameacrossafox.Step1速讀——整體理解文意Ⅰ.明文章大意Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Malaria，adiseasethathasspreadwidelyintheworld.B．TuYouyou，thefirstChinesewomantowintheNobelPrize.C．Malaria，aninfectiousdiseasethatkillsmillionsofpeople.D．TuYouyou，akinddoctorwhotreatspatientsasfamilymembers.答案BⅡ.悉層次結(jié)構(gòu)Part1(Para.1)A．BasicinformationofTuYouyouandherscientificwork.Part2(Paras.2－4)B．Attitudes.Part3(Para.5)C．TheNobelPrizeceremony.答案Part1CPart2APart3BStep2細(xì)讀——逐段獲取細(xì)節(jié)Ⅰ.ReadPara.1anddothefollowingexercises.1．WhendidTuYouyoudiscoverartemisinin?A．In2015. B．Inthe1970s.C．In1930. D．In1969.答案B2．WhohelpedTuYouyoudiscoverthelife-savingdrug?A．Herfriends. B．Herfamily.C．Noone. D．Herteam.答案D3．WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatHansForssbergsaid?Itindicatesthegreatsignificance/importanceofthediscoveryofartemisinin.Ⅱ.ReadParas.2－4anddothefollowingexercises.1．Readparagraph2andchoosethecorrectorderofthefollowingevents.①ShestudiedChinesemedicinewithexperts.②ShewasborninZhejiangProvince.③ShestudiedatPekingUniversityHealthScienceCentre.④ShebecameamemberofChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences.A．②③④① B．③①④②C．①③②④ D．②①④③答案A2．Whyarethenumbers“240,000，hundredsof，onebyone”inparagraph3mentioned?A．Toprovetherearemanypotentialcuresformalaria.B．Toshowtheeffortsthatmedicalscientistshadmade.C．ToshowTuYouyou’steamwasbetterthanothers’．D．Toshowmodernmethodsarebetterthantraditionalones.答案B3．Whatdoes“This”(Line23)meaninthefourthparagraph?A．StudyingancientChinesemedicalliterature.B．VisitingexpertsintraditionalChinesemedicine.C．UsingmodernresearchmethodstostudyChineseherbs.D．Doingexperimentsinlaboratorywithpoorairquality.答案C4．Whywasitdifficultforthemtodiscoverartemisinin?A．Becausetheteamdidn’thaveenoughmoney.B．Becausetheteamdidn’thaveenoughresources.C．Becausetheteamdidn’thaveenoughbooks.D．Becausetheteamwasn’tgoodatdoingexperiments.答案B5．WhydidTuYouyoutestartemisininonherself?A．Becauseshewasbrave.B．Becauseshewantedtoknowwhetheritwaseffectiveonpeople.C．Becauseitworkedwellonanimals.D．Becauseshewantedtosetanexampletoherteammembers.答案BⅢ.ReadPara.5andchoosethebestanswer.WhatisTuYouyou’sopinionaboutChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine?A．WeshouldvalueChinesemedicinemore.B．WesternresearchmethodsarebetterthanthoseofChinesemedicine.C．Medicineknowsnocountryandweshouldfullycombinethetwo.D．Alltraditionalmethodsaregood.答案CⅣ.Readthewholepassageagainanddothefollowingexercises.1．What’sthereporter’sattitudetowardsTuYouyou?A．Praising. B．Negative.C．Indifferent. D．Objective.答案A2．Wherewouldyoumostlikelyfindthispassage?A．Inamagazine. B．Inanovel.C．Inaletter. D．Inanewspaper.答案DStep3讀后——討論深度理解1．WhyisTuYouyouconsideredasamedicalpioneer？(Criticalthinking批判性思維)2．WhatgoodqualitiescanwelearnfromTuYouyou？(Creativethinking創(chuàng)造性思維)Step4總結(jié)——課文語(yǔ)法填空TuYouyouwasborninZhejiangProvincein1930.ShemajoredinmedicineatPekingUniversityHealthsciencecentre，andafterher1.graduation(graduate)，shewentontoworkattheChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences.Later，she2.studied(study)Chinesemedicinefortwoandahalfyears.TuYouyouandherteamdiscoveredartemisinininthe1970s,3.whichsavedmillionsoflives.Becauseofherhardwork，shewontheNobelPrizein2015，andwasselectedbytheBBCasoneofthemost4.influential(influence)scientistsinthe20thcentury.In1969，TuYouyou5.wasgiven(give)thetaskoffindingacure6.foraseriousdisease—malaria.Withnosuccessinthetestingofsomanychemicals，TuYouyouturnedtoChineseherbsforhelp.Duringthisprocess，sheranintocountlessdifficulties.TuYouyou7.eventually(eventual)cameacrossapromisingchemical，artemisinin，whichneededtobetestedonhumanbeings.TuYouyouvolunteeredtobethefirsthumansubjectandtherestofherteamfollowedher.Thetestturnedtobesuccessful，andartemisininendedup8.saving(save)millionsoflives.ThoughTuYouyouhasbecomeworld-famous，sheisnotinterestedinfame.Sheremainshumbleaboutallthehonoursshehasreceivedandkeeps9.anopenmindandinclusiveattitudetowardsherresearch，asshecontinuestowork10.tobridge(bridge)thegapbetweenEasternandWesternmedicine.Step5解讀——長(zhǎng)句難句分析1．Shebegantotalkaboutthelife-savingdrug，artemisinin，whichshehaddiscoveredwiththehelpofherteaminthe1970s.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。artemisinin是同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明drug；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞artemisinin，which在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。[自主翻譯]她開(kāi)始談?wù)撏炀壬那噍锼?，這是她在團(tuán)隊(duì)的幫助下于20世紀(jì)70年代發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種藥。2．In1969，TuYouyouwaschosentoestablishateamtofindacureformalaria—adiseasethatkilledmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。toestablishateam為不定式短語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；tofindacureformalaria為不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞disease，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)。[自主翻譯]1969年，屠呦呦被選中組建一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)來(lái)尋找瘧疾的治療方法，瘧疾每年導(dǎo)致數(shù)百萬(wàn)人死亡。3．EventhoughTuYouyouisnotinterestedinfame，shehasbecomeascientistwhoseworkisinternationallyrenowned.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。Eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞scientist，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。[自主翻譯]盡管屠呦呦對(duì)聲名不感興趣，但她已成為一名國(guó)際知名的科學(xué)家。4．TuYouyouwasnotedforherbraveryinbeingascientistduringadifficulttimeforscienceinChina，herabilitytouseoldwisdomandnewmethodstoachievehergoalsandthefactthatherworkbridgedtheEasternandWesternworlds，savingmillionsoflives.[句式分析]此句是復(fù)合句。touseoldwisdomandnewmethods是不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)；toachievehergoals是不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)；thatherworkbridgedtheEasternandWesternworlds是that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋fact的內(nèi)容；savingmillionsoflives是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。[自主翻譯]屠呦呦在中國(guó)科學(xué)的困難時(shí)期勇于擔(dān)當(dāng)，堅(jiān)持做一名科研人員，用古老的智慧和全新的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，她的事業(yè)貫通了東西方世界，拯救了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命，因此她聞名世界。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AIn1945,23-year-oldJoanHintonwasoneofthefewfemalenuclearphysicistsjoiningintheManhattanProject，anAmericanprojectsetupin1942todevelopanatombomb(原子彈)．Evenassherejoicedintheproject’ssuccess，shewasdeeplyshockedwhentheU．S.droppedtwobombsinJapanin1945duringWorldWarⅡ.ShethenquittheprojectandlefttheU．S.In1948，shemanagedtotraveltoYan’an，whereshemarriedherboyfriendErwinEngst.HerhusbandgothisfirstimpressionofChinafromthebookRedStarOverChinabyEdgarSnow.HecametoChinaasamemberoftheUnitedNationsReliefandRehabilitationAdministrationin1946andwentontoserveasanexpertonfarmequipmentinYan’an.“Myfatherkeptonwritingletterstomymom，tellinghertocometoChinaandthat‘Chinawasabouttoclimbahill.Ifyouarrivelate，you’llmissthebus’，”FredEngst，sonofHinton，said.HintonandherhusbandlivedasimplelifeinChina.DuringhertimeinYan’an，sheonlystoodoutasaforeigner，dressedinordinaryclothes.ThevillagerstreatedtheU．S.scientistsliketheywouldbeafamilymember.DuringoneChineseNewYear’spartyinthevillageshelivedin，HintonsharedhersenseofhumorbyamusingthelocalswithherperformancesusinganorthernShaanxidialect(方言)．Thecouplesawtheestablishment(建立)ofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949.Hinton，whoheldhighhopesofmakingmilkavailabletotheChinesepopulation，devotedherselftotheimprovementofagriculturalmachineryandthemilkindustryatlarge.Sheappliedherscientificskillstodevelopingacontinuous-flowautomaticmilkpasteurizer(巴氏殺菌機(jī))andtendingtoabout200cowsinthefollowingyears.Hintonwastrulydevotedtoeverythingshedid，whetherinnuclearphysicsorthemilkindustry.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了瓊·辛頓的生平，不管是作為一名核物理學(xué)家還是從事牛奶行業(yè)，她都竭盡全力。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“rejoicedin”inparagraph1mean?A．Showedsurpriseabout.B．Feltjoyat.C．Expressedangerover.D．Showeddisappointmentwith.答案B解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段開(kāi)頭可知，辛頓是曼哈頓計(jì)劃的參與者之一，由此可推知，她對(duì)該計(jì)劃的成功自然是感到高興的。故選B。2．Whatisthevillagers’attitudetoHinton?A．Friendly. B．Rude.C．Concerned. D．Uncaring.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，村民們對(duì)她很友善。故選A。3．WhatcontributiondidHintonmaketoChina?A．Shecontributedtothedevelopmentofnuclearphysics.B．Shepushedforwardthedevelopmentofcattlefarming.C．Shehelpedcowsgivebirthtomorehealthybabies.D．ShemadeallChinesepeopleenjoythebenefitsofdrinkingmilk.答案B解析4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．AprojectsetupbyJoanHintoninChina.B．ShaanxidialectimprovedbyJoanHinton.C．TheintroductiontoJoanHinton.D．ChinesepeoplepersuadedbyJoanHintontodrinkmilk.答案C解析主旨大意題。文章第一段主要介紹了瓊·辛頓作為一名核物理學(xué)家的經(jīng)歷；第二段到第四段主要介紹了辛頓在中國(guó)的生活；最后一段對(duì)她進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià)。所以，這篇文章主要就是對(duì)瓊·辛頓的介紹。故選C。BTheMatteltoycompanycreatedanewBarbiedollwiththefamousBritishscientistJaneGoodallasitsmodel.Thecompanyissuedthenewdollthisweek，thelatestmemberoftheBarbietoymaker’s“InspiringWomen”．Mattelsaidthedoll，madefromusedplastic，honoredGoodall’sdeepresearchonchimpanzees(黑猩猩)inTanzaniaandhereffortstoprotectthewildanimals.Thedollwasdressedinalightbrownshirtandshorts，muchlikethatseeninmanyimagesofGoodallatworkinAfrica.Italsocamewithanotebook，telescopesandanotherdollmodeledontherealchimpGoodallnamedDavidGreybeard.HewasthefirstchimpanzeewithwhichshebuilttrustinTanzania’sGombeStreamNationalPark.Therelationshippermittedhertostudytheanimalsextremelyclosely.“Iwantedadolltobemeevenbeforethisideacameup，”the88-year-oldscientistsaid.ShepraisedMattelfordevelopingnewBarbiesstandingforawidernumberofworkingwomen.LisaMcKnightagreed.SheistheExecutiveVicePresidentandGlobalHeadofBarbieandDollsforMattel.Shesaid，“Wehopethatthiscollectionencourageskidstolearnmoreaboutgreencareersandhowtheycanprotecttheplanet，andactoutstoriesaboutenvironmentalprotectionthroughdollplay.”GoodallstartedherresearchinwhatisnowTanzaniainthe1960s.Sheproducedmuchresearchonwildchimpanzeesovertheyears.Sherecordedhowtheymadeandusedtools，livedincommunities，andshowedahighlevelofemotional(情感)understanding.Goodallwantedtoteachchildrenthatiftheywantedtohaveagoodeffectonthechangingenvironment，theymustact.Goodallsaid，“Hopeisaboutactiononclimatechange，lossofwildlife，unfriendlylifestylesandpollution.Wereachouttoothersbecausetherearepeopleworkingoneachoneoftheseproblems...”語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了美泰公司推出了以英國(guó)著名科學(xué)家珍·古道爾為原型的一款芭比娃娃，用以紀(jì)念她的貢獻(xiàn)。5．WhatdoweknowaboutthedollmodeledonGoodall?A．ItwascreatedbyGoodall.B．Itlookedlikeachimpanzee.C．Itwasinhonorofagreatwoman.D．ItwasnamedDavidGreybeard.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，以古道爾為原型的娃娃是為了紀(jì)念這名偉大的女性。故選C。6．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thehabitsofchimpanzees.B．ThereasonsforGoodalldoingresearch.C．Goodall’sresearchworkwithchimpanzees.D．TheconnectionofGoodallandchimpanzees.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，本段介紹了古道爾的研究的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及內(nèi)容，所以本段主要是關(guān)于古道爾對(duì)黑猩猩的研究。故選C。7．WhatdidGoodallcallonchildrentodointhelastparagraph?A．Keephealthy.B．Befriendlytoothers.C．Adapttotheenvironment.D．Protectthenaturalenvironment.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句可知，古道爾希望教導(dǎo)孩子們用行動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境作出積極影響，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候、污染等問(wèn)題，即她呼吁孩子們保護(hù)自然環(huán)境。故選D。8．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．BarbieDollHonoringJaneGoodallB．ANewDollIsAbouttoGoonSaleC．WomenShouldHaveGreenCareersD．EnvironmentallyFriendlyActionIsaMust答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段可知，本文主要介紹了美泰公司推出了以英國(guó)著名科學(xué)家珍·古道爾為原型的一款芭比娃娃，用以紀(jì)念她的貢獻(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合文章主旨。故選A。CPadraigóDubhlaoidh，anIrishmasterviolinmaker，hascreatedtheworld’sfirst-evervegan(純素食的)violin，valuedat8,000.Anamateurviolinisthimself，PadraigóDubhlaoidhhaslongheldthebeliefthatanimalbodypartsaren’tneededtocreatetheinstrument.“Withourplanetfacingcrisesonalmosteveryfront，thecollectivevoiceofpeoplewantingafairerfuturegrowsstrongereveryday，”hesaid.“Ethical(合乎道德的)musiciansarepartofthismovementandhavelongwishedforaviolinthatisfullyveganyetretainsallthequalitiesoftheclassicinstrument.”Traditionalinstrumentsaretightlyconnectedtoanimalproducts.Likeotherwood-basedinstruments，violinsusehideglue—aproductobtainedfromtheskinsandbonesofanimals—asaprimaryadhesive(黏合劑)．Violinstringsandbowshavealsobeenknowntocontainivoryandhorsetailhair.Usingtraditionaltoolsandmethods，Padraigchosenaturalreplacementssuchassteamedpears，berries，andspringwatertocreatetheinstrument.Hisadhesive，composedinpartofspringwatergatheredfromthehillsbehindhishome，is100%natural.Morethanjustanethicalstepintherightdirection，Padraigsayshisnaturaladhesivehasotheradvantages.Hesaid，“Duringmyexperiments，Idiscoveredthattheveganviolinhasunexpectedadvantages.Apartfromthebenefittoanimals，society，andourenvironment，ithasbecomeveryclearthatanimal-basedglueshaveharmfuleffectsonviolins，inducingpowerfultensiononwoodencomponents.Theadhesiveusedinmyveganviolin，however，hasnosucheffect.Thisisanacoustic(聲音的)improvement.”WhilePadraigdoesn’tthinkeveryonewillswitchtotheveganviolinimmediately，hedoesthinkthere’sabrightfutureaheadforhisinstrumentandtheconceptofveganinstruments.Hecontinuestomakebothveganandnon-veganviolinsinhisworkshops.However，hesaid，“Justaspetrolcarsaregraduallybeingreplacedwithmoreeco-friendlychoices，thesameprogressionmayhappentoviolinsgradually，andevenmanyotherhandicrafts.”語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了愛(ài)爾蘭小提琴制作大師PadraigóDubhlaoidh制作了世界上有史以來(lái)第一把純素小提琴，倡導(dǎo)保護(hù)地球和動(dòng)物。9．What’sPadraig’soriginalpurposeinmakingtheveganviolin?A．Tohelpprotecttheearth.B．Tohaveastrongerviolinbody.C．Toenhancethequalitiesofviolins.D．Toinspiremoremusicianstoplayclassicalmusic.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Anamateurviolinisthimself...animalbodypartsaren’tneededtocreatetheinstrument...”可推斷，Padraig制作這把純素的小提琴的最初目的是保護(hù)地球。故選A。10．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlyfocuson?A．Theprocessofmakinginstruments.B．Thefeaturesoftraditionalinstruments.C．Thereasonsforinstruments’containinganimalproducts.D．Thecomparisonbetweentraditionalinstrumentsandthenewviolin.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可推斷，本段主要對(duì)比了傳統(tǒng)樂(lè)器和這把新的小提琴。故選D。11．WhatmakesPadraigsurprisedathisviolin?A．Itdoesnoharmtoanimals.B．Itproducesevenbettersounds.C．Itneedsfurtherimprovements.D．Ithasmanyunknownfunctions.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Theadhesiveusedinmyveganviolin，however，hasnosucheffect.Thisisanacoustic(聲音的)improvement.”可知，令Padraig吃驚的是他的小提琴甚至發(fā)出更好的聲音。故選B。12．WhatdoesPadraigthinkofthefutureofveganviolins?A．Theywillfacegreatchallenges.B．Theywillexperienceupsanddowns.C．Theywillbeacknowledgedgradually.D．Theywillbesoldataffordablepricessoon.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Justaspetrolcarsaregraduallybeingreplacedwithmoreeco-friendlychoice，thesameprogressionmayhappentoviolinsgradually，andevenmanyotherhandicrafts.”可推斷，Padraig認(rèn)為純素小提琴未來(lái)會(huì)逐漸被認(rèn)可。故選C。Ⅱ.七選五KeyStepstoCram(臨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備)foraTestWithoutLosi