高中英語(yǔ)北師大版選擇性必修四Unit 12 Period 3　Topic Talk Lesson 1-Language Points

Period3TopicTalk&Lesson1—LanguagePointsⅠ.單詞拼寫1．Perceiving(察覺)thathewasn’thappywiththearrangements，Itriedtobookadifferenthotel.2．Thetwocountriessignedanagreementtojointlylaunchsatellites(衛(wèi)星)．3．WhatannoyedmewasthatIcouldnotfindonegarbagecantothrowtrashin.4．China’sfirstcargospacecraftTianzhou-1waslaunched(發(fā)射)intospaceonApril20,2017.5．Unfortunately，thefindings(發(fā)現(xiàn))inthestudydonotcorrespondwiththepreviousones.6．Beingtoostraight-forwardandoutspokencouldbecomeone’sAchilles’heel.7．Hisacademicperformanceiswellaboveaverage，butheisstillhumble(謙遜的)andhelpful.8．Whenweturnoffadevice(設(shè)備)，suchastelevisions，itgoesintostand-bymode(待機(jī)狀態(tài))．9．Millionsofpeoplevolunteertomakelargedonationstothevictimsoftheearthquake.10．Heissogiftedthathehasacquiredareputationasthiscountry’spremier(最好的)soloviolinist.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空1．Theactivity，whichwasorganizedjointlybybothteachersandstudents，turnedouttobeagreatsuccesswiththeirjointefforts.(join)2．Heproposedthatanewstadiumshouldbebuiltinthecityandtheywouldvoteonhisproposalinthefollowingweek.(propose)3．Theplanisdesignedtomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficientlyandpromotetheirworkingefficiency.(efficient)4．Tokeepthehistoricalaccuracy，youmustprovideasaccurateinformationasyoucananddobecarefultosetitdownaccurately.(accurate)5．Scientistshavemadenumerousamazingscientificdiscoveriesandhelppeoplesolvemanyproblemsscientifically.(science)Ⅲ.完成句子1．這家由5家小工廠組成的公司正面臨著嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政危機(jī)。(過去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ))Thecompanymadeupof/composedoffivesmallfactoriesisfacingaseriousfinancialcrisis.2．鍛煉使你充滿活力，所以當(dāng)你非常興奮的時(shí)候更難放松和睡一個(gè)安穩(wěn)覺。(Itis＋adj.＋todosth)Exerciseenergizesyou，soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.3．重寫了那篇文章之后，她坐進(jìn)了椅子里，寬慰地笑了。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))Withtheessayrewritten，shesankintothechair，smilingwithrelief.4．若沒有她的幫助和專業(yè)的指導(dǎo)，我不可能在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方面取得如此大的進(jìn)步。(without引導(dǎo)的含蓄虛擬條件句)Withoutherhelpandprofessionalinstruction，Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglishstudy.entertainmentn．娛樂節(jié)目(entertainv．招待；使快樂；娛樂entertainingadj.有趣的)·toone’sentertainment使某人高興的是·entertainsbwithsth用某物使某人快樂entertainsbtosth用某物招待某人(1)Toshowhisgreatappreciation，theoldtailorentertainedtheyoungmanwithawell-tailoredsuit.(2)BobandLizentertainedustodinnerlastnight.Meanwhile，Bobtoldusmanyjokesforentertainment(entertain)，makingitanentertaining(entertain)night.(3)令我們非常高興的是，他答應(yīng)完成任務(wù)后請(qǐng)我們吃雪糕。Muchtoourentertainment，hepromisedtoentertainustoicecreamafterfinishingtheassignment.giftedadj.有天賦的，有才華的(giftn．天賦，天才，才能；禮物)·begiftedin/at在……方面有天賦·haveagiftfor有……天賦(1)Thegiftedmusicianisamanofmanygifts，whohadagiftformusicwhenhewasachild，andnowheisgiftedin/atplayingmanymusicalinstruments.這位有才華的音樂家是一個(gè)多才多藝的人。當(dāng)他還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)就有音樂天賦?，F(xiàn)在他擅長(zhǎng)彈奏很多種樂器。(2)Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;BrianisverylikelytobeaBeethoven.→Giftedinwritingmusic，BrianisverylikelytobeaBeethoven.(升級(jí)為形容詞作狀語(yǔ))donatevi.&vt.捐獻(xiàn)(器官)，獻(xiàn)(血)；捐贈(zèng)，捐獻(xiàn)[donationn．捐款；贈(zèng)送，捐贈(zèng)(物)donorn．捐贈(zèng)者]·donatesthtosb/sth向……捐贈(zèng)某物·makeadonationto...向……捐贈(zèng)(1)Theretiredmanwithdrewallhissavingsanddonatedthemtothepeoplesufferingfromtheearthquake.(2)Medicalsciencehasprovedthatdonatingbloodisgoodforthedonor(s)bothphysicallyandspiritually.(donate)(3)Ifyouhavemoremoney，itmakessensetomakeadonation(donate)tonon-profitorganizationsthathelppoorpeople.(4)她給這家兒童醫(yī)院捐了5000美元。①Shedonated$5,000totheChildren’sHospital.(donate)②Shemadeadonationof$5,000totheChildren’sHospital.(donation)correspondvi.通信；符合，相一致；相當(dāng)于(correspondencen．一致，相似；通信，信件)·correspondwith...與……通信correspondto...相當(dāng)于……，相似于……correspondto/with...與……相一致，符合·incorrespondencewith與……相一致，與……通信(1)Iusedtocorrespondwithmyfriends，whilenowtheInternetismoreconvenient.過去我常和我的朋友們通信，而現(xiàn)在有了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)就更方便了。(2)Asamatteroffact，theAmericanCongresscorrespondstotheBritishParliament.實(shí)際上，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)相當(dāng)于英國(guó)的議會(huì)。(3)Youraccountoftheincidentdidnotcorrespondwith/towhatshehadtoldme.你對(duì)這件事的描述與她告訴我的不一致。(4)Theyhaven’tbeenincorrespondencewitheachothersincethedeparture.自從離開后，他們就一直沒有聯(lián)絡(luò)。instantadj.立刻的，馬上的n.瞬間；立刻，片刻(instantlyadv.立即，即刻conj.一……就……)·inaninstant立刻foraninstant片刻，一瞬間theinstant一……就……·instantly＝theinstant用作連詞相當(dāng)于immediately，directly，theminute，themoment，assoonas(1)Icouldn’tansweryourquestionforaninstant；pleaseleavemesometime.(2)Inaninstant，hetookoffhiscoatandjumpedintothefreezingwatertosavethedrowningchild.(3)Itwassostrangethatthepaindisappearedinstantly(instant)Isawthedoctor.(4)Assoonasshestoppedaskingquestions，Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.→Instantly/Immediately/Directlyshestoppedaskingquestions，Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.(副詞用作連詞)→Themoment/instant/minuteshestoppedaskingquestions，Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.(the＋瞬間名詞)proposev．提出(某觀點(diǎn)、方法等)；提議；打算；計(jì)劃；求婚(proposaln．建議；提議)·proposedoing...提議做……；建議做……proposetodo...計(jì)劃做……；打算做……proposethatsb(should)dosth建議某人做某事Itisproposedthat...有人建議……proposetosb向……求婚·putforward/makeaproposalthat...(should)do...提出建議……(1)Therepresentativesproposedextending(extend)themotorwaysbuttheirproposalwasturneddown.(2)Havingearnedalotofmoney，heproposedtobuy(buy)amoredesirableproperty.(3)Wewereexcitedtowitnessthathefinallyproposedtohisgirlfriend(向他女朋友求婚)．(4)Sheproposedapossiblesolution(提出了可能的解決方法)totheconflictbetweenreducingworkpressureandimprovingworkefficiency.(5)他們建議成立一個(gè)委員會(huì)來調(diào)查這次暴力事件。①Theyproposedsettingupacommitteetoinvestigatetheviolence.(propose)②Theymadeaproposalthatacommittee(should)besetuptoinvestigatetheviolence.(proposal)without引導(dǎo)的含蓄虛擬條件句教材原句Withoutthebreakthroughsofthesepioneersinscienceandtechnology，whetherluckyorplanned，theworldasweknowittodaywouldbeacompletelydifferentplace.如果沒有這些科技先驅(qū)取得的突破，不管這些突破是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的還是計(jì)劃之中的，我們今天所熟知的世界將是一個(gè)完全不同的地方。(P53)·本句為without引導(dǎo)的含蓄虛擬條件句?！び袝r(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中沒有條件句，其內(nèi)容暗含在短語(yǔ)或上下文中，這種句子叫作含蓄條件句。常見的介詞短語(yǔ)有without...“沒有……”；butfor...“要不是……”；常用連詞有or/otherwise“否則(要不然)”等。(1)Shetoldmewithoutmyhelp，shewouldhavefailedintheexamination.她告訴我如果沒有我的幫助，她就會(huì)考不及格。(2)Butfortheseamazingscientificinnovations，wecouldn’tlivesuchaconvenientlifenow.要不是這些偉大的科學(xué)創(chuàng)新，我們現(xiàn)在的生活就不會(huì)這么便利。(3)Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber，or/otherwisewewouldhavecalledhim.我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼，要不然我們就給他打電話了。(4)Ifithadn’tbeenfortheirhelp，wecouldn’thavefinishedtheprogramasscheduled.→Butfortheirhelp，wecouldn’thavefinishedtheprogramasscheduled.(5)Ifyoudon’tspendtimewithhappypeople，yourhealthcouldsuffer.→Spendtimewithhappypeople，otherwise/oryourhealthcouldsuffer.Ⅰ.一詞多義launchA.發(fā)起，發(fā)動(dòng)B.發(fā)射C.上市，推出D.創(chuàng)辦E.使船下水1．ItisreportedthatthelatestmodelwillbelaunchednextFriday.C2．NASAplanstolaunchasatellitetostudycosmicrays.B3．Thepolicehaslaunchedaninvestigationintotheviolenceincident.A4．Thetouristsimmediatelylaunchedasmalllifeboattosavethedrowningkid.E5．Theydecidedtolaunchanewbrandofsportswear，competingwithotherbigcompanies.DⅡ.熟詞生義1．Itiscustomaryforthemantoproposetothewoman.求婚2．Hewashopefulthatthenextroundoftalkwouldalsobeproductive.富有成效的3．Instantcoffeegrewrapidlyinpopularityandevenbecameoneoflife’snecessitiesforsomepeople.速溶的，速食的4．Theoldladyinvitedmeintoherhumblebuttidyapartment，treatingmewithsometastyfruit.簡(jiǎn)陋的Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Iwouldhumbly(humble)suggestthatthereissomethingwronghere.2．Someissuesininternationalaffairsaresometimesdifficulttodeal(deal)with.3．ShestillcorrespondswithAmericanfriendsshemetinChinanineyearsago.4．Pleaseremainseated(seat)beforetheresultsofcompetitionwasannounced.5．Chinaisthoughttobe(be)acountrywiththegreatestpotentialfordevelopment.6．Wemustpromoteoriginality，inspirecreativityandencourageinnovation(innovate)．7．Theycouldn’thelpjumping(jump)withjoyinstantlytheyheardtheexcitingnews.8．Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，rangingfrombutterfliestoelephants.9．Pessimists，onthecontrary，tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.10．Scientistshaverecentlyprovideduswithsomeworryingfindings(find)aboutenvironmentalproblems.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(begiftedin，singleout，turnto，dealwith，o...)1．Thetwoyoungprinceswerenotsingledoutforspecialtreatmentatschool.2．Thismeansthatitshouldcleanthehouse，mopthefloors，cookdinneranddealwithtelephonecalls.3．Iamnotgiftedinlanguage.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?4．HealwaysturnstohisteacherforhelpwhenhemeetssomedifficultiesinEnglish.5．Inonly10years，ourprovincehasbeentransformedintoanadvancedindustrialprovince.Ⅲ.單句寫作(應(yīng)用文寫作——?jiǎng)趧?dòng)實(shí)踐活動(dòng))1．上周末我們學(xué)校在我校蔬菜基地發(fā)起了一次勞動(dòng)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。(launch)Lastweekendourschoollaunchedanactivityoflaborpracticeinourschoolvegetablebase.2．我們到了之后，老師就帶我們進(jìn)行了參觀并分配了不同的任務(wù)。(theinstant/instantly)Theinstantwearrived，ourteachershowedusaroundandassignedusdifferenttasks.3．老師建議我們嘗試不同的任務(wù)來真正體驗(yàn)勞動(dòng)者的艱辛。(propose)Theteacherproposedustotrydifferenttasksandauthenticallyexperiencethehardshipoflaboringpeople.4．通過這次活動(dòng)，我們都意識(shí)到?jīng)]有勞動(dòng)人民的辛勤勞動(dòng)，我們就吃不到那么多美味的食物。(without引導(dǎo)虛擬從句)Throughtheactivitywerealizedthatwithoutthefarmers’hardwork，wecouldn’thaveenjoyedsomuchdeliciousfood.5．毫無疑問，我們都從這次有意義的活動(dòng)中受益很大。(benefit)Thereisnodoubtthatwebenefitedalotfromthemeaningfulactivity.Ⅳ.閱讀理解(2023·浙江臺(tái)州高二校聯(lián)考期中)There’sanewAIbot：ChatGPT，andyou’dbetterpayattention，evenifyouaren’tintoartificialintelligence.ThetoolisanAIchatbotsystemthatOpenAIreleasedinNovember2022toshowoffandtestwhataverylarge，powerfulAIsystemcanachieve.ChatGPTremembersthethread(鏈?zhǔn)较?ofyourdialogue，usingpreviousquestionsandanswerstoinformitsnextresponses.ItgetsitsanswersfromlargeamountsofinformationontheInternet.ChatGPTisbuiltontopoftheOpenAIGPT-3familyoflargelanguagemodelsandisfine-tuned(amethodoftransferlearning)usingbothsupervisedandreinforcementlearning(監(jiān)督和強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí))．YoucanaskChatGPTanything，likeexplainingphysics，askingforbirthdaypartyideasandgettingprogramminghelp.Perhapsit’snotsmartenoughtoreplaceallhumansyet，butitcanbecreative，anditsanswerscansounddownrightauthoritative(權(quán)威性的)．Afewdaysafteritslaunch，morethan1millionpeopleweretryingoutChatGPT.UBSanalystLloydWalmsleyestimatedinFebruary2023thatChatGPTreached100millionmonthlyusersinJanuary，accomplishingin2monthswhattookTikTokabout9monthsandInstagramtwoandahalfyears.ChatGPTisfreetouseatthemomentbecauseitisstillinitsresearchphase.Butwhentoomanypeoplehopontotheserver，itoverloadsandcan’tprocessyourrequest.Itjustmeansyoushouldtryvisitingthesiteatalatertimewhenfewerpeoplearetryingtoaccessit.Ifyouwanttoskipthewaitandhavereliableaccess，thereisanoptionforyou.AsofFeb.1,2023，OpenAIhasaChatGPTproplan，ChatGPTPlus，whichallowsuserstohavegeneralaccessevenduringpeaktimes.Thisservicedoescomeatacostof$20/month.However，ChatGPTcannotreplaceGoogle.ChatGPTisanartificialintelligencerobotthatprovidessolutionstoyourquestions，butGoogleisasearchengineinwhichyoucansearchforasmuchinformationaspossible.ChatGPThaslimitedknowledgeduetoitsprogrammingbutGooglehasunlimitedknowledgewhichisupdatedeveryday.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說明文，介紹了ChatGPT的出現(xiàn)和成績(jī)，并對(duì)它的優(yōu)劣勢(shì)進(jìn)行了分析。)1．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutChatGPT?A．Itsworkingtheory.B．Itslanguagemodel.C．Itsdesigninspiration.D．Itsdevelopmentprocess.答案A解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ChatGPTremembersthethread(鏈?zhǔn)较?ofyourdialogue...Itgetsitsanswersfrom...ChatGPTisbuiltontopoftheOpenAIGPT-3family...”可知，本段主要描述了ChatGPT的工作原理。故選A。2．Whydoestheauthorlistfiguresinparagraph3?A．ToshowthepopularityofChatGPT.B．TostressthehighcostofinventingChatGPT.C．Topresentthecreativityofartificialintelligence.D．Toprovethenecessityofdevelopingtoolsforchattingonline.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，ChatGPT問世后迅速吸引了大量用戶，其擴(kuò)展速度遠(yuǎn)超其他社交工具，由此可推知，列數(shù)字是為了顯示ChatGPT非常受歡迎。故選A。3．WhatisChatGPTPlusintendedfor?A．Guidinguserstoexperiencefreeservices.B．Givinguserspriorityaccessduringpeakhours.C．Allowingnetsurferstoskipadvertisements.D．Helpingresearchersdetectthefailureofthesystem.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ChatGPTPlus，whichallowsuserstohavegeneralaccess...acostof$20/month”可知，ChatGPTPlus的設(shè)計(jì)目的是在高峰時(shí)段給予付費(fèi)用戶優(yōu)先訪問權(quán)。故選B。4．WhatisalimitationofChatGPTcomparedwithGoogle?A．Itmayproviderepliesunrelatedtothequestions.B．Itcanonlyupdateinformationatafixedtime.C．Itneedslongertoprovidesolutions.D．Itoperatesbasedonlimiteddata.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段末句可知，與谷歌相比，ChatGPT的局限性是它基于有限的數(shù)據(jù)來運(yùn)作。故選D。Ⅴ.完形填空At98，midwifePriscillaSitienei，sittinginclassalongsidesomeofthepupilsshehelpedbringintotheworld，hasbecomeacelebrityinKenya.Sitienei，whocomesfromaremotevillageofNdalat，hadalways1becomingadoctor.2thatopportunitynevercameherway，she，instead，usedhertraditionallylearnedskillstohelpmothers3theirbabiessafelyathome.Still，shenever4herdreamofgettinganeducation.In2003，theKenyangovernmentmadeprimaryeducationfree.5，itwasn’tuntilalmostadecadelaterthatshecouldfinallyenteraclassroom.Herjourneytoself-improvementhasservedasa(n)6formanyinKenya，whereitwas7amongtheoldergenerationstomissoutonschoolingtomakeendsmeet.DavidKinyanjui，headteacheratLeadersVisionPreparatorySchool，saidthatwhileitwaschallengingto8Sitieneiintotheclassin2011，her9togetaneducationconvincedtheschoolauthorities.“Sitieneicouldonlycommunicateinhermothertongue，butshewas10tostartlearningEnglishatthelowestlevel.Currently，eventhoughsheisnot11init，shecanunderstandwhattheteachersaresayinginclass，”Kinyanjuisaid.Sitieneisaid，“Iwantedtoinspirechildrenthateducationisimportantin12theirfutureandgettingoutofpoverty.”Shealsosaidthat13pooreyesight，whichhas14herstudies，sheplanstocontinuewithherbooksuntilonedayshebecomestoo15towalk.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了因?yàn)榭释R(shí)，98歲高齡的老人PriscillaSitienei決心進(jìn)入小學(xué)課堂的故事，表現(xiàn)出她積極上進(jìn)的精神。1．A.accelerated B．a(chǎn)nticipatedC．facilitated D．a(chǎn)dvocated答案B解析accelerate加速；anticipate期盼；facilitate促進(jìn)；advocate提倡。根據(jù)下文“usedhertraditionallylearnedskillstohelpmotherstheirbabiessafelyathome”可推知，她一直期盼成為一名醫(yī)生。故選B。2．A.As B．WhenC．While D．Unless答案C解析根據(jù)后文“instead”可知，此處為雖然這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)從未出現(xiàn)在她面前。as也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但是需要倒裝。故選C。3．A.send B．a(chǎn)ttendC．labour D．deliver答案D解析根據(jù)后文“theirbabiessafelyathome”可知，此處表達(dá)幫助產(chǎn)婦在家安全分娩。故選D。4．A.letgoof B．holdontoC．dropoutof D．giveriseto答案A解析letgoof放棄；holdonto堅(jiān)持；dropoutof退出；giveriseto引起。根據(jù)后文“shecouldfinallyenteraclassroom”可知，她從未放棄接受教育的夢(mèng)想。故選A。5．A.Therefore B．BesidesC．However D．Otherwise答案C解析根據(jù)上下文可知，此處表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折意義，雖然肯尼亞政府在2003年實(shí)施小學(xué)教育免費(fèi)，但她卻是在將近十年之后才走進(jìn)了課堂。故選C。6．A.affection B．recreationC．passion D．inspiration答案D解析根據(jù)前文“Herjourneytoself-improvement”可推知，她的追求自我提升的歷程對(duì)很多人來說是一種鼓舞。故選D。7．A.commercial B．concreteC．common D．competent答案C解析根據(jù)常識(shí)并結(jié)合后文“amongtheoldergenerationstomissoutonschoolingtomakeendsmeet”可知，肯尼亞是一個(gè)很貧窮的國(guó)家，沒能接受教育在老一輩人中是很常見的。故選C。8．A.inquire B．integrateC．investigate D．intervene答案B解析inquire詢問；integrate使融入群體；investigate調(diào)查；intervene干預(yù)。根據(jù)后文“Sitieneiintotheclass”可知，此處表達(dá)讓她融入班級(jí)是有挑戰(zhàn)性的。故選B。9．A.duration B．determinationC．clarification D．comprehension答案B解析duration持續(xù)時(shí)間；determination決心；clarification澄清；comprehension理解。根據(jù)后文“convincedtheschoolauthorities”可知，此處指她想要接受教育的決心說服了學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。故選B。10．A.keen B．reluctantC．superior D．pessimistic答案A解析keen渴望的；reluctant不情愿的；superior優(yōu)越的；pessimistic悲觀的。根據(jù)前文“but”可知，雖然缺乏語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)，但她渴望從最低級(jí)別開始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。故選A。11．A.firm B．fondC．focused D．fluent答案D解析firm堅(jiān)定的；fond喜歡；focused專注的；fluent流利的。根據(jù)“eventhough”和后文“shecanunderstandwhattheteachersaresayinginclass”可知，盡管說得并不流利，但她已經(jīng)聽得懂了。故選D。12．A.shaping B．sharpeningC．shaving D．sharing答案A解析根據(jù)后文“theirfutureandgettingoutofpoverty”可知，教育能影響他們的未來。故選A。13．A.with B．withoutC．despite D．beyond答案C解析根據(jù)后文“pooreyesight”及“sheplanstocontinuewithherbooks”可知，此處表達(dá)盡管視力很差。故選C。14．A.brokendown B．sloweddownC．torndown D．cutdown答案B解析breakdown出故障；slowdown減慢；teardown拆掉；cutdown削減。根據(jù)前文“pooreyesight”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，視力差會(huì)減慢她的學(xué)習(xí)速度。故選B。15．A.superb B．refreshedC．privileged D．weak答案D解析superb卓越的；refreshed精力充沛的；privileged有特權(quán)的；weak虛弱的。根據(jù)第一段的“At98”可知，她年紀(jì)已經(jīng)很大了，推知此處表達(dá)直到有一天她變得太虛弱而不能走路。故選D。Ⅵ.語(yǔ)法填空Travelinggetsapersonoutoftheircomfortzoneanditforcesthemtobemore1.___________(adventure)，tolivelifetothefullest，tomakethemostofthispreciou