2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語UNIT3FOODANDCULTURESectionⅢUsingLanguage檢測含解析新人教版選擇性必修第二冊

PAGEPAGE7UsingLanguageⅠ.閱讀理解AWhenearlyhumanskilledamammoth,howdidtheykeepthemeatbeforetheycouldeatitall?Wedon'tknow;maybetheydidn't.Butperhapstheypreservedtheirmammothsteaksinsalt.However,itishardtoknowforsure.Wedoknowforcertainthatby3，000yearsago,theBabylonians,Egyptians,andChinesewereallexpertatsalting.Theyusedsalttopreservefood.Forthousandsofyears,saltingwasacommonwaytopreservefood.Butforalongtime,nooneknewwhysaltworked.Then,inthe1800s,aFrenchmannamedLouisPasteurdiscoveredthesecret：bacteria.Whatdoessalthavetodowithbacteria?First,bacterianeedmoisturetogrowandmultiply.Saltpullsmoistureoutoffood,sothebacterianolongerhaveenoughmoisture.Besides,saltispoisonoustomanybacteria.Ifyoucoverfoodwithsalt,bacteriaoutsidethefooddiebeforetheygetin,andbacteriaalreadyinthefoodarepoisonedbythesalt.Sohowdoyoupreservefoodwithsalt?Formeatorfish,youpouronalayerofsalt,thenrubitinwell.Hamsareoftenmadethisway.Anotherwayistoalternatelayersoffoodandsaltinabigcontainer.Thesaltwilldrawthemoistureoutofthefood,creatingbrinethatthefoodsitsin.You'llneedtomakesurethebrinecompletelycoversthefood;anyfoodleftexposedtotheairwillspoil.Ifyoupreservecabbagethisway,you'llmakesauerkraut.Howwellsaltpreservesfooddependsonhowmuchisused.Themoresalt,thelongerthefoodispreserved.Unfortunately,usingenoughsalttopreservefoodforaverylongtimecancauseproblems.Itcanmakefoodtough.Itcandestroyflavor.And,ofcourse,itcanmakethefoodtoosaltytoeat,whichisharmfultoourhealth.Today,eventhoughwenolongerrelyonsalttokeepourfoodfresh,wehaven'tlostourtasteforsalt.Wedon'twanttogiveupourbacon,salami,andwatermelonpickles!語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。幾千年來，腌制是一種常見的保存食物的方法。文章主要介紹了腌制中鹽所起的作用，如何用鹽保存食物以及鹽的用量問題。1．Whyareexamplesoftheancientpeoplementionedinthefirstparagraph?A．Tomakeanintroductiontothetopic.B．Toexplainourancestorswereveryclever.C．Totellustheancientpeoplehadalotoffoodtoeat.D．Toshowtheancientpeopleweregoodatpreservingfood.解析：選A推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的Whenearlyhumanskilledamammoth,howdidtheykeepthemeatbeforetheycouldeatitall？以及Wedoknowforcertainthatby3，000yearsago,theBabylonians,Egyptians,andChinesewereallexpertatsalting.再依據(jù)其次段第一句Forthousandsofyears,saltingwasacommonwaytopreservefood.可知，第一段提到古人的例子是為了引入主題。故選A。2．Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Ifyouwanttomakeaham,youshouldkeepitinbrine.B．Ifyouwanttomakesauerkraut,you'dbetterpouronalayerofsaltandrubit.C．Tokeepourfoodlonger,youshouldputasmuchsaltonthefoodaspossible.D．Peopleneedn'tgiveupsaltyfoodcompletelyaslongastheycontroltheamount.解析：選D推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終兩段的內(nèi)容可知，D選項(人們不必完全放棄咸的食物，只要他們限制用量)作者可能會認(rèn)同。故選D。3．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toexplainhowtheancientpeoplepreservefood.B．Totellushowsaltworksinpreservingfood.C．Topersuadepeopletogiveupsaltyfood.D．Tointroducethewayofpreservingfoodwithsalt.解析：選D寫作目的題。依據(jù)其次段第一句Forthousandsofyears,saltingwasacommonwaytopreservefood.可知幾千年來，腌制是一種常見的保存食物的方法。文章主要介紹了腌制中鹽所起的作用、如何用鹽保存食物以及鹽的用量問題。由此可推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是介紹用鹽腌制食物的方法。故選D。BYoumighteasilygainaccesstofreshfruitandvegetables,butthisisn'tthecaseinsomepartsofAmerica.TheUShasmanyareasthatareconsideredasfooddeserts,whicharedefinedaspartsofthecountryshortoffreshfruit,vegetablesandotherhealthyfood,usuallyfoundinpoorareas.Fooddesertsareurbanareaswherethenearestgrocerystoreismorethan1mileaway,andruralareaswherethenearestgrocerystoreismorethan10milesaway.AccordingtotheUSDA,19millionAmericans—or6.2%ofthepopulation—liveinplacesthatcanbeconsideredasfooddeserts.Theissueisn'tnecessarilyaboutthedifferenceincostbetweenhealthyandunhealthyfoodsintheseareasbutit'saboutalackofaccesstohealthychoicesatall.And,withthelackofhealthyfoodchoices,theseareastypicallyhavealargesupplyofunhealthyfoodssoldatfast-foodcompaniesandconveniencestores.Eatingunhealthyfoodscanleadtooverweight,whichputspeopleatriskforallkindsofmajorhealthissues,includinghighbloodpressure,heartdisease,andsomecancers.Butsomepeople,especiallythosewhocannotaffordacar,arestuckwitheatingwhat'sreadilyavailable.Inthecaseoffooddeserts,it'susuallythetypeoffoodthatcanleadtooverweight.Studieshaveshownthatthisislikelytobeaprobleminlow-incomeareas.Whenmoneyisnotenough,peopletendtobuyfoodsthatlastlongerandremovefoodwaste,whichisawasteoftheirlimitedincome.Lackofaccessisonlyonepartoftheproblem,however.Thebiggerissuewaslikelythelackofeducationandnutritionalknowledgeinthesecommunities,whichpreventspeoplewithlowerincomesfromunderstandingthebenefitsofhealthyeating.Whileoverweightisasignificantissueinthesecommunities,thecostofunhealthyeatingisn'tjustphysical.Astudyfoundthat71billiondollarsinhealthcarecostsduetochronic(慢性的)diseasescouldbesavedthroughhealthiereating.語篇解讀：本文是一篇爭論文。在美國有一些食物荒漠地區(qū)，那里的人很難接觸到簇新的蔬菜和水果，只能大量購買不健康的食品。但造成這種現(xiàn)象的深層緣由是，那些地方的人缺乏教化和養(yǎng)分方面的學(xué)問。4．Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．6.2%oftheAmericansliveinpoorareas.B．SomepartsoftheUSAlackfreshvegetables.C．SomepeopleinAmericadon'tneedfreshfruit.D．Peopleinthefooddesertsbuyfreshvegetableseasily.解析：選B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的Youmighteasilygainaccesstofreshfruitandvegetables,butthisisn'tthecaseinsomepartsofAmerica.和其次段中的AccordingtotheUSDA,19millionAmericans—or6.2%ofthepopulation—liveinplacesthatcanbeconsideredasfooddeserts.可推想，美國的一些地區(qū)嚴(yán)峻缺乏簇新的水果和蔬菜。故選B項。5．Whycanfast-foodcompaniesselllargeamountsofunhealthyfoodinthefooddeserts?A．Theseareasarerichinunhealthyfoodmaterials.B．Thefastfoodsoldinthefooddesertsareoflowercost.C．Healthyfoodchoicesareunavailableintheseareas.D．Peopleintheseareaspreferunhealthyfoodtohealthyfood.解析：選C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的And,withthelackofhealthyfoodchoices,theseareastypicallyhavealargesupplyofunhealthyfoodssoldatfast-foodcompaniesandconveniencestores.可知，在食物荒漠地區(qū)存在大量快餐公司售賣不健康食品的緣由是：當(dāng)?shù)厝巳狈】凳称返倪x擇。故選C項。6．WecanlearnfromParagraph5thatthelow-incomepeople.A．a(chǎn)relesslikelytohaveoverweightproblemsB．a(chǎn)renotdelightedtopreparefoodforthemselvesC．havetobuyfoodthatcanbepreservedlongerD．a(chǎn)reusedtoeatingfooddonatedbyfoodcompanies解析：選C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中的Whenmoneyisnotenough,peopletendtobuyfoodsthatlastlongerandremovefoodwaste,whichisawasteoftheirlimitedincome.可知，當(dāng)錢不夠時，人們傾向于購買可以儲存更久的食物。故選C項。7．Whatstopspeoplefromunderstandinghealthyeatingbenefitsinthefooddeserts?A．Theirhighhealthcarecostduetothechronicdiseases.B．Theirlongestablishedeatinghabits.C．Thegovernment'slackoffinancialsupport.D．Theirlackofeducationandknowledgeinnutrition.解析：選D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的Thebiggerissuewaslikelythelackofeducationandnutritionalknowledgeinthesecommunities,whichpreventspeoplewithlowerincomesfromunderstandingthebenefitsofhealthyeating.可知，在食物荒漠地區(qū)缺乏教化和養(yǎng)分學(xué)問使得人們無法理解健康食物的好處。故選D項。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Theworldisacolorfullandscapeofdifferentlanguages,skincolors,anddifferentcultures.It'simportanttohaveagoodunderstandingofdifferentculturesinordertobecomeawell-roundedperson.1Onewayistoreadbookswrittenbyauthorsfromaparticularculture.Readingworksbyauthorswhohaveacloserelationshipwithaparticularcultureallowspeopletogainanauthenticglimpseintothefood,music,language,religion,andwayofalifeofaparticulargroupofpeople.2Anotherwaytolearnaboutdifferentculturesistotrytolearnaforeignlanguage.3Apersoncanchoosealanguageshehasalwayswantedtolearnandlocatelearningprogramstohelphermasterthelanguage.Besides,onecanenrollinaforeignlanguageclassinordertolearninamoreformalsetting.Onecanalsotrytovisitareasofthecitytoestablishsocialconnectionwithnativespeakersofthelanguage.4Seekoutrestaurantsthatfeatureauthenticfoodfromavarietyofcountries.Foodisanimportantpartofdifferentculturesandallowspeopletogaindeepunderstandingintoaparticularculturalgroup'swayoflife.Communicatingwithpeoplefromothercountriesthroughemailorsnailmailisanotherusefulwaytobecomefamiliarwithdifferentcultures.5Variouswebsitesofferpenpalservices,offeringtoconnectindividualswithpenfriendsaroundtheworld.A．Tryingauthenticfoodfromaspecificculturalgroupisalsoagreatidea.B．TheInternethasmadeitpossibletocommunicatewithothersfromdifferentcountries.C．Makingcontactwithnativespeakersofthelanguageallowsonetogainfirsthandknowledge.D．Thereareseveralwaystobecomeknowledgeableaboutdifferentcultures.E．Storiesbasedonalocalcultureexposeonetoadifferentculture.F．Onewaytodevelopthisappreciationistotrytoteamaboutotherculturesaroundtheworld.G．Avarietyoflanguage-learningbooks,software,andaudioprogramsisavailable.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。世界是由不同語言、不同膚色和不同文化構(gòu)成的豐富多彩的景觀，因此，觀賞不同的文化很重要。文章介紹了幾種可以觀賞不同文化的方法。1．選D前文It'simportanttohaveagoodunderstandingofdifferentculturesinordertobecomeawell-roundedperson.與D項Thereareseveralwaystobecomeknowledgeableaboutdifferentcultures.承接自然，differentcultures是關(guān)鍵詞，且D項在此處起開啟下文的作用，故選D項。2．選E上文Readingworksbyauthorswhohaveacloserelationshipwithaparticularcultureallowspeopletogainanauthenticglimpseintothefood,music,language,religion,andwayofalifeofaparticulargroupofpeople.與E項Storiesbasedonalocalcultureexposeonetoadifferentculture.承接自然，上下文都講解并描述基于當(dāng)?shù)匚幕闹?，particularculture和localculture是關(guān)鍵詞，故選E項。3．選G前文Anotherwaytolearnaboutdifferentculturesistotrytolearnaforeignlanguage.與G項Avarietyoflanguage-learningbooks,software,andaudioprogramsisavailable.承接自然，上文講解并描述通過學(xué)習(xí)語言來學(xué)習(xí)一種文化，G項緊接著講解并描述如何學(xué)習(xí)語言，language是關(guān)鍵詞，故選G項。4．選A本段講解并描述通過食物來了解文化，A項Tryingauthenticfoodfromasp