英語閱讀理解真題考研二級

英語閱讀理解真題考研二級

英語閱讀理解真題考研二級1

Text3

Evenintraditionaloffices,"thelinguafrancaof

corporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionaland

muchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,“

saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn

Shestartedspinningoffexamples."IfyouandIpa

rachutedbacktoFortune500paniesin1990,wewould

seemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourney,

mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewere

strategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn'ttalk

aboutenergy；wedidn'ttalkaboutpassion."

Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporate

vocabularyisvery"tearn"-oriented-andnotby

coincidence."Let'snotforgetsDorts-inmale-

dominatedcorporateAmerica,it'sstillabigdeal.

It'snotexplicitlyconscious；it*stheideathatI'm

acoach,andyou1remyteam,andwe'reinthis

togethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinvery

differentpanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesas

coachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin".

Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwith

meaning-and,asKhuranapointsout,increase

allegiancetothefirm."Youhavetheimportationof

terminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociated

withnon-profitorganizationsandreligious

organizations：Termslikevision,values,passion,

andpurpose,"saidKhurana

Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelp

keepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglyloud

debatesoverwork-lifebalanceThe"mommywars"of

the1990sarestillgoingontoday,prompting

argumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan'thaveitalland

bookslikeSherylSandberg'sLeanIn,whosetitlehas

beeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,

offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareall

aboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthe

homeButifyourworkisyour"passion,"you*IIbe

morelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthat

meansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglong

afterthekidsareinbed

Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak：

Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,

paniesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillingly

absorbitAsNunbergsaid,"Youcangetpeopleto

thinkit'snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyinto

it.nInaworkplacethat1sfundamentallyindifferent

toyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyou

figureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyour

workdefineswhoyouare

31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehas

bee________

[A]moreemotional

[B]moreobjective

[C]lessenergetic

[D]lessenergetic

[E]lessstrategic

32."team"-orientedcorporatevocabularyisclosely

relatedto

[A]historicalincidents

[B]genderdifference

[C]sportsculture

[D]athleticexecutives

33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationof

terminologyaimsto

[A]revivehistoricalterms

[B]promotepanyimage

[C]fostercorporatecooperation

[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty

34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn

[A]voicesforworkingwomen

[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics

[C]triggersdebatesamongmommies

[Dipraisesmotivatedemployees

35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabout

officespeak?

[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit

[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense

[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental

[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit

英語閱讀理解真題考研二級2

Text3

Thateveryone'stoobusythesedaysisaclich6.

Butonespecificplaintismadeespeciallymournfully：

There'sneveranytimetoread.

Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusual

time-managementtechniquesdon'tseemsufficient.The

web'sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtime

toread：”GiveupTV"or"Carryabookwithyouat

alltimes."Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethods

tofreeuptheodd30minutesdoesn'twork.Sitdown

toreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughts

keepsspinning-orelseyou*resoexhaustedthata

challengingbook1sthelastthingyouneed.The

modernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,

“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardmunication,,,Itis

notsimplythatoneisinterrupted；itisthatoneis

actuallyinclinedtointerruption."Deepreading

requiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftime

whichcan'tbeobtainedmerelybybeingmore

efficient.

Infact,“beingmoreefficientwispartofthe

problem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobe

maximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,

judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofar

asitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoal.Immersive

reading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingto

riskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.

Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou'11manage

onlygoal-focusedreading-useful,sometimes,butnot

themostfulfillingkind."Thefutureesatuslike

emptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearly

infiniteconveyorbelt,“writesGaryEberleinhis

bookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofill

thesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)

astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,

wewillhavewastedthem."Nomind-setcouldbe

worseforlosingyourselfinabook.

Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,

schedulingregulartimesforreading.You'dthink

thismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,

Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus

“stepoutsidetime'sflow"into"soultime."You

couldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysical

books,oronsingle-purposee-readers."Carryabook

withyouatalltimeswcanactuallywork,too-

providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothatreading

beesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarily

surfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedropping

backdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfeels

asifyou*reumakingtimetoread,“butjust

reading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.

31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon't

workbecause.

[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodern

mind

[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitive

reading

[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabook

withthem

[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbe

guaranteed

32.The“emptybottles“metaphorillustrates

thatpeoplefeelapressureto.

[A]updatetheirto-dolists

[B]makepassingtimefulfilling

[C]carrytheirplansthrough

[D]pursuecarefreereading

33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregular

timesforreadinghelps.

[A]encouragetheefficiencymind-set

[B]developonlinereadinghabits

[C]promoteritualisticreading

[D]achieveimmersivereading

34.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes“canwork

if.

[A]readingbeesyourprimarybusinessoftheday

[B]allthedailybusinesshasbeenpromptlydealt

with

[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafter

reading

[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingand

business

35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe.

[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading

[B]HowtoFindTimetoRead

[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals

[D]HOWtoReadExtensively

英語閱讀理解真題考研二級3

Text3

Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughweareprone

tosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthink

abouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceor

eveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,

hard-wiredresponses.

Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms；

ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,our

brainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactvery

quickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretime

toassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhether

someoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleasta

minute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudge

plexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismor

open-mindedness.

Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuli

aren'texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.

PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthat

viewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmilliseconds

primesustoread20percentfaster,eventhough

readinghaslittletodowitheating.We

unconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedand

impatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhatever

elsewe'redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-food

flashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoo

long.

Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwe

willoverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousing

optionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongood

salesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsare

alwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.

Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelyto

rejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelp

screenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutside

screeners.

JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthat

wequickly“thinslice“informationreliablyonly-

afterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thick

sliced“l(fā)ong-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreally

wantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,

heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuck

longerevaluation；twodays,nottwoseconds.

Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsby

pausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals：doge

canthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorfor

afewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout

12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.

Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,it

hasn,tchangedournature.Westillhavethe

imaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationand

reversethehigh-speedtrend.

31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay.

[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation

[B]provetheplexityofourbrainreaction

[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment

[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment

32.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthat

snaodecisions.

[A]canbeassociative

[B]arenotunconscious

[C]canbedangerous

[D]arenotimpulsive

33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnap

decisions,weshould.

[A]trustourfirstimpression

[B]doaspeopleusuallydo

[C]thinkbeforeweact

[D]askforexpertadvice

34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreaction

arebasedon.

[A]criticalassessment

[B]''thinsliced''study

[C]sensibleexplanation

[D]adequateinformation

35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardreversingthe

high-speedtrendis.

[A]tolerant

[B]uncertain

[C]optimistic

[D]doubtful

英語閱讀理解真題考研二級4

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobe

thatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.While

traditional"paid"media-suchastelevision

mercialsandprintadvertisements-stillplaya

majorrole,paniestodaycanexploitmany

alternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionate

aboutaproductmaycreate“owned“mediabysending

e-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomers

registeredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnow

approachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyond

conventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketers

promotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,.

suchmarketersactastheinitiatorfor

users'responses.Butinsomecases,one

marketer?sownedmediabeeanothermarketer'spaid

media-forinstance,whenane-merceretailer

sellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsold

mediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthat

otherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-merce

engineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,which

webelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectively

beganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchas

airlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.

Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreated

BabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythat

promotesplementaryandevenpetitiveproducts.

Besidesgeneratingine,thepresenceofother

marketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,gives

paniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformation

abouttheappealofotherpanies'marketing,and

mayhelpexpandusertrafficforallpaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathave

providedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)

municationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthat

passionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsin

quicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.

Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearned

media：anassetorcampaignbeeshostageto

consumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswho

makenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.

Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,are

learningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressure

onthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtry

topersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthe

reputationofthetargetpanyatrisk.Insucha

case,thepany'sresponsemaynotbesufficiently

quickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeen

steep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsome

ofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthis

yearwitharelativelyquickandw