遼寧省普通高中2024-2025學年上學期期初模擬考試英語試題（解析版）

高中英語試卷遼寧省普通高中2024-2025學年上學期期初模擬考試英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Buyaglass. B.Attendaconference. C.Pickoutadoll.【答案】A【原文】M:IsyourconferenceinPrague?CouldIaskyouafavor?W:Sure,aslongasitisn’taboutpickingoutdollsforallyourrelatives.M:No,IbrokeadrinkingglassIboughtthere,socouldyougetmeone?2.Wherearetheoldcases?A.Intheboxes. B.Inthebookcase. C.Inthedrawers.【答案】C【原文】M:DoyoulikethewayIorganizedthefilesinthebookcase,Ms.Stanford?W:Yes,you’vedoneagoodjoboforganizingthem,butwhatdidyoudowiththeoldcasesintheyellowboxes?M:Imovedthoseintothedrawers,sincewedon’tusethemveryoften.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Agame. B.Aparty. C.Afestival.【答案】C【原文】M:WatchthisTVprogram.Whataretheydoing?W:TheyarecelebratingHalloween.M:Howdotheycelebrateit?W:Well,childrenusuallydressupinscaryclothesandplaytricksonothers.4.WhydidthemangotoItaly?A.Totakephotos. B.Toexhibitatagallery.C.Totryarestaurant.【答案】A【原文】W:HowwasyourtriptoItaly?M:Incredible.TheColosseumwasamazing,PisawasbeautifulbutthemagicofVenicewasthebest.IgotsomeamazingphotostherethatI’llbeabletoexhibitatthegallery.W:Great,let’smeetattherestaurantandgothroughwhatwecanshow.5.Whateventdidthemanparticipatein?A.Wasterecycling. B.Beachcleaning. C.Treeplanting.【答案】B【原文】W:So,what’snextwiththeenvironmentclub,Sammy?Treeplanting?M:Well,wejustcollectedbeachrubbishandlearnedaboutkeepingouroceansclean.So,thistimewe’reintotheforestforclean-up.Maybewe’llfindsomerecyclablegarbagethisweekend.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.WhydidGarethJonesquitthegamehalfway?A.Hegothurt.B.Hewastootired.C.Hebrokematchrules.7.WhatwillthespeakersdonextSaturday?A.VisitGareth. B.Seeagame. C.Playamatch.【答案】6.A7.B【詳解】W:DidyouseetheFrance-WalesmatchonTVlastnight?Exciting!Waleswon!Everyonewasoverthemoon!M:Yeah,Iwastoo.Iwatcheditwithmydad.WhydidGarethJonesquithalfwaythough—didtherefereedecidehewasinthewrong?W:No,6hedidsomethingtohisankle,didn’the?M:Oh,right.Idon’tthinkit’sseriousthough.He’sintheteamfornextSaturday.W:Great,I’llbewatchingthattoo.Doyouwanttocomeroundtomyplaceandwatchitwithme?M:Wow,goodidea.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Danni’smom. B.Theman’sattitude. C.Doctors’devotion.9.Howhasthecathelpedthewoman’smother?A.Bysendingherflowers.B.Byprovidingcompany.C.Byregulatingheralife.【答案】8.A9.B【原文】M:Danni,how’syourmom?W:She’smuchbetternow.Thanks,Tom.Shewantedmetothankyoufortheflowersandsaidtheywerebeautiful.It’salovelygesture.It’sniceknowingthecommunitycaresabouther.M:It’sareliefknowingthatwiththeoperationshe’llmovearoundbetterandliveamorecomfortablelife.W:Yeah,althoughitishardattimes.Ithinkthecathashelpedtoo.It’sbeenasourceofcomfortandmadehersmileregularly.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.WhydoesthemanlikeRussiannovels?A.Becausetheyarewelltranslated.B.Becausetheyhelphimtofallasleep.C.Becausetheyconcentrateonpeople’sordinarylives.11.Forwhatdoesthewomandomuchreading?A.Pleasure. B.Novelwriting. C.Herwork.12.Whatcanweknowaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?A.ShelikesJoyce’snovels.B.Shehasbeenbusyrecently.C.Shereadsmuchtoberewarded.【答案】10.C11.C12.B【原文】W:John,whatkindofbooksdoyoulike?M:Well,IlikeRussiannovelsbecausethegreatestwritersdealwithpeople’sdailylife—whywedothethingswedo,whatwedotorealizeourdreams,etc.OtherthingsIlikereadingaretheworksoftheIrishwriterJamesJoyce.Whataboutyou,Laura?W:Well,atthemomentIdosomuchbackgroundreadingformyworkasatranslator.It’srewarding—don’tgetmewrong.Ithelpsmebeexactinmyjob.Ireallyusedtoenjoyfiction.ButnowIdon’tparticularlyreadforpleasurebecauseIdon’thavethetime.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.Whatdoesthewomanintendtodo?A.Getapartinaplay.B.Knowmoreaboutarole.C.Rememberthelineofaplay.14.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Giveheraleadrole.B.Getheracopyoftheplay.C.Helpherprepareforthetryouts.15.Whatistheman?A.Anactor. B.Adirector. C.Ateacher.16.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inatheater. B.Inacollege. C.Inacompany.【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.A【原文】M:Areyouinterestedintryingoutfortheplay,Barbara?W:Oh,yes.M:Whatpartareyouinterestedin?W:Well,I’dliketotryforaleadrole,butI’dbehappytohaveanypart.Youknow,I’vebeenstudyingtheplaydayandnight,andIreallybelieveIcangetarole.M:Well,you’reofftoagoodstart.Ilikethat.Ifyouneedanyassistancegettingreadyforthetryouts,I’llbehereonMondayeveningnextweek.W:Thatwouldbewonderful!Everyonesaysyouareagreatdirector.M:Well,thankyou,butthatwon’tgetyouthepart.Hardworkandeffortmight,though.WillIseeyouhereatthetheater?W:Yes.I’mlookingforwardtoit.I’llstudyallweekend,andbyMondayI’llknoweverylineintheplay.M:Oh,no.Whatyoumustdoischooseascenethatwillbestshowyouractingtalent.W:Oh,Isee.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.WhatkindofplacedoesPartyTimeEventsprovide?A.Restaurants. B.Boats. C.Offices.18.WhatarelistenersadvisedtodiscusswithMr.Johnson?A.Howmuchtopayfortherent.B.Howtoarrangeatmosphereforaparty.C.Howmanycoursestoprepareforameal.19.Whatdopeopleneedtopayextrafor?A.Countrymusic. B.Dancemusic. C.Liveentertainment.20.WhereistheofficeofPartyTimeEvents?A.Nexttoabar.B.Atthebackofabar.C.InfrontoftheLochmeadLeisureCenter.【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A【原文】W:Areyouthinkingofhavingacelebrationbutaren’tsurewhattodoorwheretogo?PartyTimeEventsofferanoriginalandpopularplacetocelebrateanyevent,anditisperfectforofficeparties.Wehaveboatsavailable12monthsoftheyeartoentertaingroupsofbetween10and50people.Tripsareusuallybetweentwoandfivehours,andcantakeplaceintheeveningorafternoon.Wecansupplyadeliciousthree-coursemeal—allpreparedonboardofcoursebyourtopchefs.However,wedoaskyoutoorderyourmealatleastoneweekbeforetheevent.PleasefeelfreetotalkwithMr.Johnson,ourgeneralmanager,inordertoarrangetheperfectatmosphereforyourparty.With15years’experience,we’reabletomakesuggestionstosuitanymood.Thepriceofhiringtheboatincludescountryordancemusic.Wecanalsosupplyliveentertainmentatanextracost,whichvariesfromjazzbandstoacomedyshowormagician.Youcanbookthroughourwebsiteorbytelephone.Alternativelyyoucancometoouroffice,whichisintheLochmeadLeisureCenter.Ourofficeisatthebackofthecenterbesidethebar,andourstaffwillbeveryhappytodiscussyourarrangements.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AAptitudeTestsRecommendationsAptitudetestsarehelpfultojobseekersofallages.Whilecareerquizzesexploreyourvaluesandworkstyle,aptitudetestsprovideamoreobjectiveevaluationofyourskills,helpingyouselectacareeryou’remostlikelytosucceedin.Belowaresomeofthebestaptitudetestsoutthere.CliftonStrengthsTheCliftonStrengthsprogramwascreatedbasedonresearcharoundleadership.Theresearchinquestionpointedtocommonstrengthsamongsuccessfulleaders,likestrategicthinking,adaptabilityandcommunication.Tocompletethetest,youmustansweraround150questions,eachwithin20seconds.AllenCheung,atechblogger,notesthatCliftonStrengthsismorevaluablethanyouraveragecareertestbecauseitincludes“trickyquestionswhicharen’taseasilygamed”.RedBullWingfinderDevelopedandtestedoutbypsychologyexperts,theRedBullWingfinderassessesyourthinkingunderpressure.Questionsincludeimagesorting,logicpuzzlesandleadership-relatedquestions.Onceyoucompletethetest,you’llreceiveaninereportandcareercoachingtailoredtoyourresults.SEIDevelopmentReportTheSEIDevelopmentReportisanextensiveEQaptitudetestthathastimedright-and-wronganswersthatassesseightfundamentals,includingemotionalliteracy,emotionalmanagementandempathy.Attheend,you’llreceivea20reportwithrecommendedcoursesonworkplaceEQdevelopment.CareerOneStopWhileitonlytakesafewminutestocomplete,theCareerOneStopSkillsAssessmentwillhelpyourankbothyourtechnicalandsoftskills.Thecareersuggestionsattheendcanbesortedbyrelevance,annualwages,andjoboutlook,coupledwithwithprofessionalcoachingorconsultationimproveyourskills.21.Whatdoaptitudetestsmainlyassessforjobseekers?A.Theirworkethics. B.Theircareerinterest.C.Theirpreferredworkstyle. D.Theirprofessionalcompetence.22.WhatisauniquefeatureofCliftonStrengths?A.Itevaluatesleadershipskills. B.Itisdevelopedbyexperts.C.Itincludeschallengingquestions. D.Itoffersacomprehensivereport.23.Whichtestsuitsajobseekerwhopreferscategorizedsuggestionsandcareercoaching?A.CliftonStrengths B.RedBullWingfinderC.SEIDevelopmentReport D.CareerOneStop【答案】21.D22.C23.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。本文主要介紹和解釋不同種類的能力傾向測試及其特點，為讀者（尤其是求職者）提供關于如何通過這些測試來了解自身職業(yè)潛能的信息和建議?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“Aptitudetestsarehelpfultojobseekersofallages.Whilecareerquizzesexploreyourvaluesandworkstyle,aptitudetestsprovideamoreobjectiveevaluationofyourskills,helpingyouselectacareeryou’remostlikelytosucceedin.(能力傾向測試對所有年齡段的求職者都很有幫助。職業(yè)測驗考察的是你的價值觀和工作方式，而能力傾向測驗則是對你的技能進行更客觀的評估，幫助你選擇最有可能成功的職業(yè)。)”可知，能力測試主要評估求職者的專業(yè)能力。故選D?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章CliftonStrengths部分中“AllenCheung,atechblogger,notesthatCliftonStrengthsismorevaluablethanyouraveragecareertestbecauseitincludes“trickyquestionswhicharen’taseasilygamed”.(科技博客作者艾倫·張指出，CliftonStrengths比一般的職業(yè)測試更有價值，因為它包含了“不那么容易應付的棘手問題”。)”可知，克利夫頓優(yōu)勢的獨特之處是其中包括具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。故選C。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章CareerOneStop部分中“Thecareersuggestionsattheendcanbesortedbyrelevance,annualwages,andjoboutlook,coupledwithwithprofessionalcoachingorconsultationimproveyourskills.(最后的職業(yè)建議可以根據(jù)相關度、年薪和工作前景進行分類，再加上專業(yè)的指導或咨詢，可以提高你的技能。)”可知，CareerOneStop適合喜歡分類建議和職業(yè)指導的求職者。故選D。BEducationin2080isdistinctivefromeducationinthe2020s.Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild’seducationlookslikein2080.HernameisShemsy.Shemsyis13,andsheisconfidentandloveslearning.Shemsydoesnotgotoschoolinthemorningbecauseschoolsasyouknowthemnolongerexist.Theinstitutionwasabolishedasitwaswidelythoughtofasmorelikeaprisonorafactorythanacreativelearningenvironment.Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith“LearningHubs”thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.Theyarewhereintergenerationallearninghappens,inlinewiththebeliefthatlearningisalifelongpursuit.Everyyear,Shemsydesignsherlearningjourneyfortheyearwithahighlyattentive“teacher-citizen”.Shemsyisactivelyengagedindesigninghereducationandhastoproposeprojectsshewouldliketobeinvolvedintocontributetoandservehercommunity.Shealsospendslotsoftimeplayingastheroleofplayinlearninghasfinallybeenrecognizedasessentialandcoretoourhumanity.Shemsyworksalotcollaboratively.Accesstoeducationisuniversal,andhighereducationinstitutionsnolongerdifferentiatethemselvesbyhowmanypeopletheyrejectyearly.Variabilitybetweenstudentsisexpectedandleveraged(利用)asyoungpeopleteachoneanotherandusetheirdifferencesasasourceofstrength.Shemsynaturallyexploreswhatsheiscuriousaboutatapaceshesets.Shestillhassomeclassestotakethataremandatoryforchildrenglobally:BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity.Weinviteyoutothinkaboutyourvisionforeducationintheyear2080,whatdoesitlooklike,whodoesitserve,andhowdoesittransformoursocieties?24.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytellus?A.Therearedifferenttypesofeducation.B.Thepresenteducationneedsimprovements.C.Educationandeconomyarecloselyassociated.D.Thegoaloffutureeducationisfundamentallydifferent.25.WhatdoweknowabouttheLearningHubthatShemsygoesto?A.Itacceptsstudentsofallages. B.Itpromotescompetition.C.Itdiscouragesindividualizedlearning. D.Itisallaboutplay-basedlearning.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mandatory”inparagraph3mean?A.Tough. B.Satisfactory. C.Optional. D.Required.27.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnExampletoAll B.AVisionforEducationC.AChallengeforEducation D.AJourneyintotheFuture【答案】24.D25.A26.D27.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是對2080年的教育的展望?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.(直到2035年左右，教育系統(tǒng)的主要功能是為經(jīng)濟提供下一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社會及其所有成員的福祉。)”可知，第一段主要告訴我們未來教育的目標是完全不同的。故選D?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Schoolshavebeenreplacedwith“LearningHubs”thatarenotrestrictedtocertainages.(學校已經(jīng)被不受年齡限制的“學習中心”所取代。)”可知，Shemsy去的學習中心接受所有年齡的學生。故選A。【26題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“BeingHumanandtheHistoryofHumanity(做人和人類歷史)”可知，做人和人類歷史應該是全球兒童必修的課程，劃線詞mandatory的意思是“必修的”，和required意思相近，故選D?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild’seducationlookslikein2080.(在2080年，教育的目的是社會及其所有成員的福祉。為了讓你們更明白這一點，我想舉一個2080年兒童教育的例子。)”可知，本文主要介紹的是對2080年的教育的展望，因此最恰當?shù)臉祟}是B選項“AVisionforEducation(教育遠景)”。故選B。CHaveyoueverseenyourcatordogeatinggrass?Theydosobecauseitcanhelptheirdigestion,andmanywildspeciesusenaturalsubstancestopreventandcontroldiseases.Thisiscalled“zoopharmacognosy”or,morecommonly,animalself-medication.Scientistshavediscoveredthattamarinmonkeysuseaspecifictreeresin(樹脂)asmedicine.IntheBrazilianAtlanticForest,scientistsfollowedseveralgroupsofthemtocollectdata.Duringoneofthesedailystudies,tamarinmonkeyswereobservedrubbingtheirbodiesonthetrunkofatree.Atfirst,researchersthoughtthattheyweremarkingtheirterritory,acommonbehaviourinthisspecies.Botanicalexpertslaterconfirmedthatthetreewasaspeciesofcabreuva,whichiswellknownforitsmedicalproperties.Researchersdecidedtoplacecamera-trapsindifferentsitesatthefootofthetreetorecordfuturevisitsbytamarinmonkeys.Therecordssurprisinglyshowedthatmanyanimalslivingintheforestvisitedit.Totally,tenspecieswereobserved.Formanyofthem,itwasthefirsttimethatbehaviorssimilartoself-medicationhadbeenobserved.Moresurprisingly,onespeciesspreadresinoneachother’sfurinpairs.Ingeneral,thespeciesseemedtospecificallyvisitthetreetoacquiretheresinandseeminglybenefitfromit,eitherhealingtheirwoundsorfightingbackparasites(寄生蟲).Whilefurtherstudiesareneededtoidentifythepropertiesoftheresinandthusconfirmthatthisisindeedself-medication,theuseofitsuggeststhatcabreuvarepresentsacommonanduniversaldrugstorefortheresidentsoftheBrazilianAtlanticForest.Itislikelytobeavaluableresourcehelpingthespeciesmaintaintheirmagnitudebyimprovingtheirhealth.Thisdiscoverycouldhaveanimportantprotectioninfluence,asthedisappearanceofsometreescouldpotentiallyaffectthesurvivalofsomeanimals.28.Whydotamarinmonkeysrubthemselvesagainstthetree?A.Theywouldliketodigestwhattheyeat.B.Theyaretryingtocurediseases.C.Theyareattractingcompanions’attention.D.Theyfeellikeoccupyingtheland.29.Whatdoresearchersfindthroughcamera-traps?A.Animalscanhelpeachothercleanthefur.B.Manyanimalscopymonkeys’behaviors.C.ResincanbeusedasmedicineforsomeanimalsD.Thecabreduvaisthehabitatoftamarinmonkeys.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnitude”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Characteristics. B.Populations.C.Flexibilities. D.Similarities.31.Whatisthepossiblesignificanceofthediscovery?A.Increasingtheproductionofresin.B.Promotingevolutionofcreatures.C.Motivatingthestudyofmonkeys’diet.D.Contributingtoforestconservation.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)動物會使用一種特殊的樹樹脂作為藥物來療傷。文章解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Duringoneofthesedailystudies,tamarinmonkeyswereobservedrubbingtheirbodiesonthetrunkofatree.Atfirst,researchersthoughtthattheyweremarkingtheirterritory,acommonbehaviourinthisspecies.Botanicalexpertslaterconfirmedthatthetreewasaspeciesofcabreuva,whichiswellknownforitsmedicalproperties.(在其中一項日常研究中，研究人員觀察到絹毛猴在樹干上摩擦身體。起初，研究人員認為它們是在標記自己的領地，這是這種物種的常見行為。植物學專家后來證實，這棵樹是一種以其藥用特性而聞名的紅檀香)”可知，絹毛猴要在樹上摩擦自己是為了努力治療疾病。故選B項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Researchersdecidedtoplacecamera-trapsindifferentsitesatthefootofthetreetorecordfuturevisitsbytamarinmonkeys.Therecordssurprisinglyshowedthatmanyanimalslivingintheforestvisitedit.Totally,tenspecieswereobserved.Formanyofthem,itwasthefirsttimethatbehaviorssimilartoself-medicationhadbeenobserved.Moresurprisingly,onespeciesspreadresinoneachother’sfurinpairs.Ingeneral,thespeciesseemedtospecificallyvisitthetreetoacquiretheresinandseeminglybenefitfromit,eitherhealingtheirwoundsorfightingbackparasites(寄生蟲).(研究人員決定在樹腳的不同位置放置相機陷阱，以記錄未來絹毛猴的訪問。令人驚訝的是，記錄顯示許多生活在森林里的動物來過這里。共觀察到10種。對他們中的許多人來說，這是第一次觀察到類似于自我藥物治療的行為。更令人驚訝的是，一個物種會成對地在對方的皮毛上涂抹樹脂。一般來說，這些物種似乎專門訪問樹來獲取樹脂，并從中受益，要么治愈傷口，要么擊退寄生蟲。)”可知，研究人員通過相機陷阱發(fā)現(xiàn)樹脂可以用作一些動物的藥。故選C項。【30題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Itislikelytobeavaluableresourcehelpingthespeciesmaintaintheir”以及后文“byimprovingtheirhealth”可知，紅檀香是一種寶貴的資源，所以通過改善它們的健康狀況可以有助于保持紅檀香樹木的數(shù)量。故劃線詞意思是“數(shù)量”與B項意思相近。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisdiscoverycouldhaveanimportantprotectioninfluence,asthedisappearanceofsometreescouldpotentiallyaffectthesurvivalofsomeanimals.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會對保護產(chǎn)生重要影響，因為一些樹木的消失可能會影響一些動物的生存)”可知，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能意義是有助于森林保護。故選D項。DIsforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.32.WhatisDroll’sideaaboutforgiveness?A.Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.B.Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.C.Forgivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.D.Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.33.WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph2illustrate?A.Toforgiveistolove. B.Tofightistogrow.C.Todominateistoharm. D.Togiveistoreceive.34.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardforgiveness?A.Objective. B.Reserved. C.Favorable. D.Skeptical.35.Whatismessageofthelastparagraph?A.Forgivenessisinournature. B.Forgivenessgrowswithtime.C.Actualityisbasedonpotentiality. D.Ittakespracticetoforgive.【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章圍繞“原諒是否違背人類本性”這一主題進行了深入的探討和論證，通過對比不同的人類本性觀點，分析了原諒在個體和社區(qū)中的作用和意義?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.(在一篇關于寬恕心理學的早期論文中，Droll(1984)提出了一個有趣的觀點，即人類的本質比寬恕所允許的更具攻擊性。那些寬恕的人違背了他們的本性，對他們造成了很大的傷害。在他看來，寬恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同時，也在損害自己的幸福，而這些人可能會利用他們。)”可知，Droll認為寬恕的人違背了他們的本性，對他們造成了很大的傷害，他認為寬恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同時，也在損害自己的幸福。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段所舉例子上文“Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，為了全面成長為人類，我們既需要從別人那里接受愛，也需要向別人提供愛。沒有愛，我們與生活中各種各樣的人的聯(lián)系就會破裂。甚至常識也強烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不會促成和諧的互動。)”可知，沒有愛，我們與他人的聯(lián)系就會破裂，控制他人的意愿并不會促成和諧的互動；奴隸制是一個基于對他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的傷害和痛苦?！癋orexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?(例如，奴隸制作為社會和諧的一種模式發(fā)揮了多大的作用?)”通過以奴隸社會舉例，以反問的方式，來闡明試圖通過支配和權力來控制他人并不能帶來真正的和諧或幸福，即控制就是傷害。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.(從作為人類的第二種觀點來看，寬恕在個人和社區(qū)的生理和心理完整性方面都起著關鍵作用，因為科學研究表明，寬恕的結果之一是減少仇恨，恢復和諧。寬恕可以打破憤怒的循環(huán)。至少在某種程度上，與你疏遠的人接受你的愛和寬恕，并準備做出必要的調整。寬恕可以治愈人際關系，重新連接人際關系。)”可知，作者認為原諒在個體和社區(qū)生物學和心理學完整性中的關鍵作用，指出原諒能夠減少仇恨、恢復和諧，并且能夠打破憤怒的循環(huán)。作者還提到原諒可以治愈關系，讓人們重新建立聯(lián)系。這些觀點都表明作者對于原諒持有支持的態(tài)度。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.(值得注意的是，當我們從古典哲學的角度，即亞里士多德的角度來看，我們會看到潛在性和現(xiàn)實性之間的區(qū)別。我們不一定天生就有寬恕的能力，但我們有潛力去學習寬恕，并在寬恕的能力中成長。寬恕的現(xiàn)實性，它在沖突情境中的實際運用，是隨著實踐而發(fā)展的。)”可知，最后一段主要傳達了原諒需要實踐的信息。作者通過引用古典哲學中關于潛在性和實際性的觀點，指出我們并不是天生就具備原諒的能力，而是需要通過學習和實踐來培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展這種能力。因此，原諒并不是一種自然而然的行為，而是需要我們付出努力去實踐的。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Lyingawakeforhoursbeforefallingasleepisacommonproblem.Evenifyoucanfinallyfallasleep,takingtoolongtofallasleepcanleadtotoofewhoursofsleepaltogether.36Sopeoplehavingtroublefallingasleepalwayswonderhowtheycansleepwell.Parentsknowfromexperiencethatgentlemusiccanhelpbabiesfallasleep.Sciencesupportsthis,showingthatchildrenofallages,frombabiestoelementaryschoolchildren,sleepbetterafterlisteningtocomfortablemusic.Fortunately,childrenaren’ttheonlyoneswhocanbenefitfromgentlemusicbeforebedtime.37Listeningtomusiclikelyimprovessleepformorethanonereason.Musiccanpromotesleepdirectlybyaffectingyourphysiology(生理機能).38Besides,itcanalsopromotesleepbybecomingahealthybedtimehabit.Manypeoplecan’tfallasleepquicklybecausestressfulandworryingthoughtskeepthemawakeatnight.Bylisteningtomusic,themindhassomethingelsetofocuson.Withtime,thepracticeoflisteningtomusicatbedtimebecomesmoreeffectiveasthebrainpositivelyassociatesmusicwithsleep.39Studieshavelookedatmanytypesofmusicandplaylistsbutthereisn’taclearansweraboutthebestmusicforsleep.Whatwedoknowisthatresearchershavetypicallyusedeitheraself-madeplaylistoronethathasbeendesignedespeciallywithsleepinmind.Oneofthemostimportantthingsonhowmusicaffectsaperson’sbodyistheirownmusicalpreferences.40Forthosewhodon’twanttodesigntheirownplaylist,onlinemusicserviceshavesteppedinandusuallyofferplaylistsforsleeporrelaxation.A.Itcanguaranteesufficientsleep.B.It’snaturaltowonderaboutthebesttypeofmusicforsleep.C.Thequalityandquantityofoursleepbecomepoorasweage.D.Listeningtomusiccanreduceyourstressandinspirepositivefeelings.E.Thiscanhaveaseriouseffectonaperson’squalityoflifeifitcontinues.F.Peopleacrossagegroupsreportbettersleepqualityafterlisteningtosoftmusic.G.Usefulpersonalplaylistsmayincluderelaxingsongsthathavehelpedwithsleepinthepast.【答案