人教版高中英語必修二第2講：Unit1-Cultural-relics-語法篇(教師版)

Unit1Culturalrelics-語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________通過本節(jié)課的學習掌握限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的用法與區(qū)別。限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句什么是限制性定語從句？?Anyoneshouldbepunished.Anyonewhobreakstherulesshouldbepunished.也就是說，如果一個句子去掉定語從句后，主句的意思不是所要表明的意思，那么這個定語從句就是限制性定語從句。什么是非限制性定語從句？就是不用限制先行詞的定語從句。譯成漢語時，主句和從句可以分別翻譯，互不影響。最大的特點就是先行詞后面有逗號隔開。?SheisgoodatspeakingFrench,whichshelearnedatschool.?ThisbookwaswrittenbyJack,whowashereamomentago.?Ihavesomefriends,someofwhomareteachers.限制性定語從句的連接詞可以用who,whom或whose,which。不用that，也不能省略。?Shehadeightchildren,threeofwhombecamesoldiers.?TheirteacherisaJapanese,whosewifeisaChinese.?Mysister,whoisanurse,gotmarriedlastmonth.?Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.非限制性定語從句還可以用when或where引導。?SheisgoingtoShanghai,whereshewasborn.?Wewillgohomenextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.a?除了前面提到的那些連接詞以外，在下面兩種情況下還可以用as作為定語從句的連接詞。1.當先行詞在從句中做主語或者賓語的時候，同時先行詞又被same、so或者such修飾的時候。非限制性定語從句除了可以修飾詞以外,還可以修飾前面整個句子。?Theyinvitedmetotheirparty,whichisverykindofthem.?Iwaslateforschoolagain,whichmademyteacherveryangry.?AstudentkilledhisEnglishteacher,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.?Suchpeopleasyousaidarenotgood.?Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasareinterestingtoallofus.?Ihavethesametroubleasyouhave.?Ifeeljustthesameasyoudo.?HeissogoodateacherasIlikeverymuch.?Thosearesodifficultthequestionsasheasked.2.在非限定性定語從句中，as和which可代整個主句，相當于andthis或andthat。as一般放在句首，which在句中。?Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.?Smokingisharmfultoone’shealth,whichisknowntoall.二．限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：所謂限制性定語從句，是指定語從句部分對先行詞起限制、修飾的作用，關(guān)系代詞有that,which,whom,who,whose以及關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等，沒有逗號把從句與先行詞分開。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確。Doyouknowtheprofessorwhoisspeakingatthemeeting?你認識那個正在會上講話的教授嗎？WhereisthebookwhichIboughtthismorning?我今天上午買的書在哪兒呢？此外，還有一類非限制性定語從句，非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。用法其實與限制性定語從句極為相似，只是不能用that引導。Thisletterisfromhisparents,whoareworkinginTibet.這些信來自他的父母，他們在西藏工作。Englishisanimportantsubject,whicheverystudentshouldstudywell.英語是一門重要的科目，每個學生都應該學好。Thisisourheadmaster,whoIthinkhassomethingtotellyou.這是我們校長，我認為他有一些重要的事情要告訴你。(校長只有一位)限定性：對先行詞起修飾限制作用非限定性：對先行詞起補充說明作用，先行詞與定語從句有逗號隔開.1.從形式上看限制性定語從句與其先行詞緊緊相連之間不用逗號隔開；非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間必須用逗號隔開。Mr.Smith，whocametoseemeyesterday，isoneofmybestfriends.昨天來看我的史密斯先生是我的一位好朋友。(非限制性定語從句)Thisistheteacherwhohastaughtfor30years.這就是那位有30年教齡的老師，你想見的那個人。(限制性定語從句)2.從意義上講限制性定語從句用來修飾先行詞，具有限制作用，兩者關(guān)系緊湊，如果將其去掉，會影響句子意思的完整性往往句意不明，有時甚至于引起費解、誤解；而非限制性定語從句僅僅對先行詞作補充性敘述或說明，不起限制作用兩者關(guān)系不那么緊密，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍然完整；HersisterwhoteachesusEnglishwillgoabroadnextyear.她教我們英語的姐姐明年將出國。(限制性定語從句，意思是她可能還有別的姐姐。)Hersister,whoteachesusEnglish,willgoabroadnextyear. 她的姐姐教我們英語，明年將出國。(非限制性定語從句，對先行詞hersister起到補充說明的作用，言外之意：她只有一個姐姐。)Theoldmanhasason,whoisinthearmy.那位老人有一個兒子，他在部隊工作。（非限定性定語從句是對son進行補充、說明。“這位老人只有一個兒子”）Theoldmanhasasonwhoisinthearmy.“那位老人有一個在部隊工作的兒子。”限定性定語從句就要對先行詞son進行限定、修飾。（“這位老人有一個兒子在部隊工作”，也就是說可能老人還有其他的兒子在干別的工作。3.從翻譯方法來看一般來說，限制性定語從句多半譯成漢語的前置定語，修飾其后的先行詞，非限制性定語從句則往往譯成后置的并列從句。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastyear.這是我們?nèi)ツ曩I的那幢房子。（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice．這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)Theteacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.態(tài)度和藹的老師們受學生的歡迎。（限制性）Mr.Wang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.王老師深受學生的歡迎，他態(tài)度和藹。(非限制性)ThisnotebookwasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.這個筆記本是湯姆留下的，剛才他還在這里。4.先行詞不同限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是一個名詞或代詞；非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞which既可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整句的含義。指代前面整句的含義時，定語從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.這是我看過的最好的小說。(先行詞是novel)Thenovel,whichIreadlastnight,isveryinteresting.這是我昨天晚上看過的小說，非常有意思。(先行詞為novel)Thenovelisveryinteresting,whichmakesmeveryglad.這部小說很有意思，這讓我很高興。(先行詞為“Thenovelisveryinteresting”)Sheheardtheterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.(which指代noise)HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎沒領(lǐng)會我的意思，這使我心煩。(Which指代句子“他似乎沒領(lǐng)會我的意思”。)注意：當先行詞是世界上獨一無二的事物或人名、地名、國名、建筑物等專有名詞時時，用非限制性定語從句；Themoon,whichis384,400kilometersawayfromtheearth,goesaroundtheearth.月球繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)，它離地球384,000千米遠YesterdayheleftAmerica,wherehehadstayedfortwoyears.昨天他離開了美國，在那兒他待了兩年。5.從關(guān)系詞的使用來看:that,why不能用來引導非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中，that改用which；why改用forwhich。在限制性定語從句中，用關(guān)系代詞指物which,that；指人who,whom,that;whose既可用來指人也可用來指物。Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplewholosttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.我們不知道在1906年地震中失去家園的人們的數(shù)量。在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞指人時用who,whom；指物時用which;whose既可用來指人也可用來指物。JohnSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.約翰﹒史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老師。Myeldersisterhasbecomeadoctor，whichIwantedtobe.我姐姐成了一名醫(yī)生，我原來也想當醫(yī)生的。Thatishisroom，whosewindowfacessouth.那是他的房間，房間的窗戶朝南?？偨Y(jié)1：引導限制性定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why；引導非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where。當先行詞指時間并且在定語從句中充當狀語時用when；指地點并且在定語從句中充當狀語時用where。Hewillhavetowaituntilnextmonth,wheneverythinghasbeenready.他不得不等到下個月，那時一切都準備好了。Canyoutellmethereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterday?你能告訴我他昨天缺席的原因嗎？Hewashurtintheaccidentyesterday,forwhichhestayedinthehospitalforseveralhours.他昨天在事故中受傷，為此他在醫(yī)院中待了好幾個小時。ChaplinlivedthelastyearsofhislifeinSwitzerland,wherehewasburiedin1977.卓別林在瑞士度過了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里總結(jié)2：在限制性定語從句中：whom作賓語時可用who替代；在非限制性定語從句：whom作賓語時不能用who代替。Thisistheboywhom/whoImetatthetheatre.這是我在劇院遇到的那個男孩。Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtomarry.這個年輕人有一個女朋友，他想娶她?？偨Y(jié)3：在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可省略（介詞后不可）；在非限制性定語從句中，所有關(guān)系詞不可省略.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,whichhedrankimmediately.我遞給他一大杯威士忌，他立即喝下了。（which在從句中作賓語，不能省略）Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything(that)hesawonthewaytotheParis.他給我寫了一封信，告訴我去巴黎的途中看到的每一件事。（that在從句中作賓語，可以省略。）as與which引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：1.as可引導非限制性定語從句時，指代整個主句，有“正如，就像”之意。as引導的定語從句可放在主句之前，之中或之后，位置靈活。“我們都知道，吸煙有害健康”這句話可譯成：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoourhealth.Smoking,asweknow,isharmfultoourhealth.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth,asisknowntousall.2.非限制性定語從句中as和which的選擇：都可以指代整個句子的內(nèi)容，非限定語從句位于句末且as或which作主語、賓語或表語時，常可互換。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他娶了她，這是很自然的事。Heisakindfisherman,as/whichanybodycansee.他是一個善良的漁民，這大家都清楚。Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太陽給予大地熱量，這就使植物的生長成為可能。(指代逗號之前的整個句子)如非限定語從句位于主句之前，只能用as。Asweexpected,hepassedtheexam.正如我們預料的，他通過了考試。3.as引導的從句在意義上不可與主句相悖，而which引導的不受此限制。Chang’e-1hasbeenlaunchedsuccessfully,aswasexpected.嫦娥一號成功發(fā)射，這正是我們期待的。Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadn’texpected.實驗結(jié)果非常好，這點出乎我們預料。as常用在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中：asweknow/asisknowntoall/asweallcansee眾所周知asisoftenthecase 情況常常是這樣 asmightbeimagined 可以想象得到asmightbeexpected 正如所預料的那樣 ashasbeenpointedout 正如所指出的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore/above 正如前文所述 asoftenhappens 像往常一樣當與such或thesame連用時，一般用as。Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.你給我說的這些書很有趣。Ihavethesameplanasyou.我有和你一樣的計劃。4.當which在從句中指代的是先行詞本身（一個先行詞）而不是主句時，不可用as代替which。Thehouse,whichtheybuilt2yearsago,felldownintheearthquake.這所房子他們建于兩年前，在地真正倒塌了。Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown，whichwasverykindofhim.[來源:Z|xx|k.Com]我的朋友真不錯，他帶我繞城轉(zhuǎn)了一圈。注意：在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行詞時，用“who”代替“that”。任何犯法的人都要受到懲罰。Anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished.Thosewhobreakthelawarepunished.Hewhobreaksthelawispunished.time作“次數(shù)”講時用關(guān)系代詞that引導定語從句，that可省略；若that作“一段時間”講時，應用關(guān)系副詞when或介詞at/duringwhich引導定語從句。Thisisthesecondtimethat/（省略）thePresidenthasvisitedthecountry.這是總統(tǒng)第二次訪問這個國家。Thatwasatatimewhen/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.那是一個沒有收音機，沒有電話，也沒有電視的時期。定語從句解題思路：1.通讀全句，首先判斷是什么句型。2.題干句如果是疑問句式，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為陳述句式。3.分析從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在定語從句中，缺什么，就補什么：缺主或賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；缺狀語，用關(guān)系副詞。4.注意標點符號和題干中是否存在并列連詞and,but等。例1.(2015高三海淀區(qū)一模)PrinceWilliamtookavisittotheForbiddenCityonFeb.28,_______emperorsoncelived.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.when解析

：本題考查非限制性定語從句中引導詞的。經(jīng)分析可知橫線后的句子是對ForbiddenCity進行修飾限定，可知橫線處是一非限制性定語從句。定語從句中缺少地點狀語，先行詞在句中充當?shù)攸c狀語。所以要用where來引導。答案：C例2.(2015高三西城一模)Jackwillholdameeting__________peoplecanvoicetheiropinionontoday’sglobaleconomy.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.whose解析：橫線前的句子成分完成，橫線后句子是對meeting進行修飾限定，所以可知橫線后句子是個定語從句，先行詞在橫線后句子中充當?shù)攸c狀語的成分，所以要用地點副詞where引導。答案為C例3.(2015海淀區(qū)高一上學期期末)Threescientists________discoveredhowthebrainknowsthebodylocationwontheNobelPrize.A.whoseB.whichC.whomD.who解析：經(jīng)分析可知橫線后句子是對“Threescientists”進行的修飾限定，且先行詞在句子中充當主語成分，先行詞為“人”所以要用引導詞who來引導。由此可知本題答案。答案：D例4.(2015東城區(qū)高一上學期期末)Davidisafriend_______youcantrustallyourlife.A.who B.which C.whose D.when解析：經(jīng)分析可知橫線后句子是對“afriend”進行的修飾限定，且先行詞在句子中充當trust的賓語，先行詞為“人”所以要用引導詞who來引導。由此可知本題答案。答案：A例5.(2014海淀區(qū)高一下期中試卷)TheAppWeChatprovidesanetworkingplatform______communicationisfasterandeasier.A.which B.where C.when D.why解析：經(jīng)分析可知橫線后句子是對“anetworkingplatform”進行的修飾限定，且先行詞在句子中充當?shù)攸c狀語，所以要用引導詞where來引導。由此可知本題答案。答案：B基礎(chǔ)演練一．將下列兩個簡單句合并成一個含有非限制性定語從句的復合句。1.IamreadingHarryPorter.Itisaninterestingbook.→____________________________________________2.Hefailedintheexam.Itmadehisparentsveryangry.→____________________________________________3.Hehastwosons.Bothofthemaredoctors.→____________________________________________4.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase.Thepriceofitwasveryreasonable.→____________________________________________5.Lastweek,twopersonscametoseethehouse.Neitherofthemwantedtobuyit.→____________________________________________6.Ihavelostthepen.Myfatherboughtitformysixteenthbirthday.→____________________________________________7.Doyouseethehouse?Thewindowsofitfacesouth.→____________________________________________8.HemustbefromAfrica.Itcanbeseenfromhisskin.→____________________________________________9.Thebookisworthreading.Hepaid6yuanforit.→____________________________________________10.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge.Muchcanbelearnedfromher.→____________________________________________Keys:1.IamreadingHarryPorter,whichisaninterestingbook.2.Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisparentsangry.3.Hehastwosons,bothofwhomareteachers.4.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.5.Lastweek,twopersonscametoseethehouse,neitherofwhomwantedtobuyit.6.Ihavelostthepen,whichmyfatherboughtformysixteenthbirthday.7.Doyouseethehouse,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth?8.HemustbefromAfrica,whichcanbeseenfromhisskin.9.Thebook,forwhichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.10.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,fromwhommuchcanbelearned.鞏固提高二．單項選擇。1.Attention!OurbusisapproachingCambridge，________we’llbestoppingtoeat.A.when B.which C.as D.where2.Peoplewhoseldomdosportsor_______dietishighinfatwillputoffWeightquickly.A.who B.whose C.which D.what3.Thenovelwascompletedin1978,theeconomicsystemhasseengreatchangesA.when B.duringwhich C.sincethen D.sincewhen4.Coulditbeintherestaurantin_________youhaddinnerwithmeyesterday________youleftbehindyourkeysandwallet?A.which;which B.which;that C.that;where D.where;where5.PartofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods，________effectsthepeoplearestillsufferingfrom.A.that B.whose C.those D.what6.TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings，________isoftenthecaseinothercountries.A.what B.as C.so D.that7.Soonchildreninthecamphadmanynewfriends,______theysharedfood,storiesandprojects.A.forwhich B.withwhom C.ofwhich D.towhom8.TheGreatWallistheplace______almostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.A.why B.which C.when D.where9.Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds___________hisargument.A.whichtobebasedon B.onwhichtobase C.whichtobebased D.whichtobase10.About1.62millionChinesestudentswentabroadtostudybetween1978and2009,______only497,400havecomeback.A.who B.amongwhom C.amongwhich D.inwhomKeys:1.D本句中的先行詞是Cambridge，先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，應該用關(guān)系副詞where。2.B語意：很少進行體育鍛煉或飲食富含脂肪的人體重會增加很快。whosedietishighinfat是定語從句，修飾先行詞People，且whose在從句中作定語。3.D由句子題干中主句謂語的動詞時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時可知關(guān)系詞代替先行詞，1978在定語從句中與Since連用，作狀語。4.B考查復合句。restaurant后面是定語從句，介詞in后面應該使用which引導定語從句，不能使用that；從句子意義和結(jié)構(gòu)上可以判斷第二空屬于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，選用that。5.Beffects與先行詞floods之間是所屬關(guān)系，所以用whose引導定語從句。6.Bas引導非限制性定語從句，代替前面一句話，句意為：這在其他國家是常有的事。7.B考查“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句。分析句子成分可知此處先行詞為friends，從句中有短語sharesth.withsb.，故此處用“with＋whom”引導非限制性定語從句。8.B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“____almostalltouristswouldliketovisit”為定語從句，修飾先行詞theplace，關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當visit的賓語，因此選B。9.B短語base…on…使用時要分清各自的賓語，本句中base的賓語是hisargument，on的賓語是sufficientgrounds，所以選擇onwhichtobase.10.B考查定語從句。句意：在1978年到2009年期間，大約有162萬中國學生出國學習，期中回國的只有497400人。后面部分為非限制定語從句，修飾先行詞students，由句意可知應該選用介詞among。一．單項選擇。()1.Ipreferacompany________peoplehavetoworkasateam,insteadoffightingagainsteachother.A.whereB.that C.as D.when()2.—Isthisthehouse_______youoftentalkabout?—Yes,justtheone_______youknowIusedtoliveformorethan15years.A.that;where B.which;that C.where;which D.where;that()3.Asaresultofourseriousstaffshortages,thesituationhasrisen_______wehavetohiregraduatingcollegestudentsforhelp.A.that B.when C.where D.as()4.Doyouhaveenoughmoney_______tobuythatfashionabledress?A.forwhich B.whichuses C.withwhich D.which()5.ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,domanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.A.as B.which C.when D.though()6.Qingdaoisthemostsatisfactoryplace_____we’regoingtovisit.A.which B.where C.that D.inwhich()7.Coulditbeintherestaurantin_________youhaddinnerwithmeyesterday________youleftbehindyourkeysandwallet?A.which；whichB.which；that C.that；where D.where；where()8.Theoldlady,allof______childrenhadbeenkilledintheearthquake,wasgivenhelpbythelocalgovernment.A.her B.whom C.whose D.which()9.Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.A.where B.that C.ofwhom D.which()10.Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_______werebuiltfiveyearsago.A.allofthem B.eitherofthem C.allofwhich D.bothofthat()11.They’vewontheirlastthreematches，________Ifindabitsurprisingactually.A.that B.when C.what D.which()12.China’snewfoodlawprovidesforafoodrecallsystem________producershavetostopproductioniftheirfoodisn’tuptostandards.A.where B.that C.when D.whichKeys:1.Awhere是關(guān)系副詞，在句中引導定語從句，修飾先行詞company，并且在從句中作狀語。2.A考查定語從句。第一空后面about缺少賓語,故用that或which引導定語從句；第二空不缺成分,youknow為插入語,故用where引導定語從句修飾theone。3.C把從句補充完整為：wehavetohiregraduatingcollegestudentsforhelpinthesituation.關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，選擇關(guān)系副詞where。4.C本題屬于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which+不定式”作后置定語的用法,用錢買,當然用with,故C。相當于一個定語從句,Doyouhaveenoughmoneywithwhichyoucanbuythatfashionabledress?5.A此題容易誤選B項，誤以為只有which能引導定語從句代表前面整個句子。但是which不能翻譯為“正如”，CD項均不符合語境。6.C考生容易誤選A項，原因是忽視了先行詞前面的最高級。當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾的時候，定語從句用that引導。7.B考查復合句。restaurant后面是定語從句，介詞in后面應該使用which引導定語從句，不能使用that；從句子意義和結(jié)構(gòu)上可知第二空是屬于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，因此使用that。8.C考查非限制性定語從句的引導詞。句意：那位所有的孩子都在地震中喪生的老太太得到了當?shù)卣膸椭?。本句中的“allof______childrenhadbeenkilledintheearthquake”是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Theoldlady,whose在從句中作定語。9.A先行詞是situation,case,scene...時，一般用where，最佳選擇則是inwhich。10.C根據(jù)題干中的“threelibraries”，排除B，D項；又因為本題的題干是非限制性定語從句，不能使用them代替先行詞，排除A項。11.D句意：他們已經(jīng)贏得了最后三場比賽，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這確實有點令人驚訝。先行詞是前面整個句子，which引導非限制性定語從句，并在定語從句中作find的賓語。12.A句意：中國新的食品法規(guī)定了食品召回制度，即如果食品達不到標準，生產(chǎn)者就必須停止生產(chǎn)。先行詞為afoodrecallsystem，定語從句為producershavetostopproductioniftheirfoodisn’tuptostandards(inthefoodrecallsystem)，先行詞在句中充當?shù)攸c狀語所以要用where來引導。二．定語從句改錯1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,itsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.2.Whichisknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.3.Itissuchabigstonethatnobodycanlift.4.Ourteacherisverystrictwithus,thatdoesmuchgoodtous.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,whichhewon’tbesobusy.Keys:1.it改為which 2.which改為as 3.that改為as4.that改為which 5.which改為when__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一．翻譯句子1.他經(jīng)常遲到，這讓他的老師很生氣。__________________________________________________________________2.書架上總共有11本書，其中5本書是我的。_________________________________________________________________3.約翰說他一直在辦公室工作，這是真的。_________________________________________________________________4.眾所周知，馬克?吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。_________________________________________________________________5.他的拐杖昨天丟了，沒有了拐杖他就不能走路。_________________________________________________________________6.自然而然地，他娶了Jenny。_________________________________________________________________7.我們在實驗中用的這些記號是希臘字母。_________________________________________________________________8.我遞給他一杯威士忌，他立即喝了。_________________________________________________________________Keys:1.Hewasoftenlateforschool,whichmakeshisteacherveryangry.2.Thereareelevenbooksinallontheshelf,fiveofwhicharemine.3.Johnsaidhehadbeenworkingintheoffice,whichwastrue.4.Asisknowntousall,MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.5.Hiswalkingstickwaslostyesterday,withoutwhichhecan’twalk.6.Aswasnatural,hemarriedJenny.7.SuchsignsasweuseintheexperimentareGreekletters.8.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,whichhedrankimmediately.二．閱讀理解。Teenagershavebeenwarnedtheyarebecomingunemployablebecausetheyuseavocabularyofjust800words.Thelimitedlinguisticrange(語言范圍)isalsomadeupofmuch“teenspeak”whichhasdevelopedthroughmoderncommunicationmethodssuchastextmessagingandsocialnetworkingsites.TodayJeanGross,whoadvisestheGovernmentonchildren'sspeech,saidimmediateactionshouldbetakentopreventchildrenfailingtofindjobsbecausetheyareunabletocommunicate.Mrs.Goss,wholastweekgaveoutawarningovertheeffectoftelevisiononchildren'sdevelopmentsaidyesterday,“Teenagersarespendingmoretimecommunicatingthroughelectronicmediaandtextmessaging,whichisshortandbrief”.“Weneedtohelptoday'steenagersunderstandthedifferencebetweentheirtextspeakandtheformallanguagetheyneedtosucceedinlife—800wordswillnotgetyouajob.”Themajorityofteenagersshouldhavedevelopedalargevocabularyof40,000wordsbythetimetheyreach16.Mrs.GrosssaidherworrieswereincreasedbyresearchbyTonyMcEnery,aprofessoroflinguisticsatLancasterUniversitywhostudied10millionwordsofrecordedspeechand100,000wordsgatheredfromteenagers’blogs.Hefoundthatthetop20wordsusedbyteenagers,including“yeah”,“no”and“but”,makeupaboutathirdofallwordsused.Mr.Grossplanstostartamovementnextyearandaimingatprimaryandsecondaryschools.Shesaid,“IwantteenagersgoingintoworkplacesandmakingvideosofhowpeoplecommunicateandthenputtingthemonYouTubeforotherstostudy.”Shealsowantsparentstolimitchildrenundertheageoftwotohalfanhouroftelevisionaday,becauseshesaysthatitcrowdsoutconversation.()1.Why

can

‘teenspeak’

nowadays

come

into

being?

A.Teenagers

learn

that

from

school

and

TV

programs.

B.Teenagers

depend

on

too

much

electronic

communication

ways.C.Clever

teenagers

invented

to

win

a

prize

in

a

contest

in

America.

D.Foolish

teenagers

can

use

it

to

save

time

while

chatting

online.

()2.What

may

make

it

difficult

for

children

to

find

a

job?

A.The

poor

ability

of

communication

with

few

words.

B.The

low

degree

without

coming

into

a

university.

C.The

high

conditions

they

hope

to

get

from

bosses.

D.The

bad

conditions

in

most

companies.

()3.What

does

Mrs.

Goss

warn

children

not

to

do?

A.Surf

to

make

friends

with

strangers

online.

B.Find

a

job

as

young

as

possible.

C.Use

their

cell-phones

at

school.

D.Spend

too

much

time

watching

TV.

()4.The

passage

is

to

tell

us