上海市三校聯(lián)合高一下學(xué)期階段練習(xí)英語試題

上海三校聯(lián)合2022學(xué)年第二學(xué)期階段練習(xí)高一英語試卷金山中學(xué)、閔行中學(xué)、嘉定一中時(shí)間：120分鐘滿分：150分第I卷I.Listeningprehension(1~10每題1分;11~20每題2分;共30分)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.OnSunday.B.OnMonday.C.OnSaturday.D.OnFriday.2.A.Inaclassroom.B.Inastationeryshop.C.Atagrocerystore.D.Atarestaurant.3.A.HecangobowlingonSundaynight.B.HecangobowlingonTuesday.C.HehastotakeatestonSunday.D.HehastostudyforatestonTuesday.4.A.BothBillandTomwenttoYork.B.BothBillandTomwenttoLondon.C.BillwenttoYork,andTomwenttoLondon.D.BillwenttoLondon,andTomwenttoYork.5.A.Teacherandstudent.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Employerandapplicant.D.Bossandclerk.6.A.Thewomanissatisfiedwiththefoodhere.B.Themanissatisfiedwiththesteakhere.C.Themanagreeswiththewoman.D.Thewoman’ssteakisovercooked.7.A.Themanwillrestarttheputerfirst.B.Themanwillsavethedocumentfirst.C.Thewomanwillrestarttheputerfirst.D.Thewomanwillsavethedocumentfirst.8.A.Locationofsomestores.B.Pricesofsomeshoes.C.Qualityofsomeclothes.D.Storageofgoods.9.A.Jonathanusedtobeapopularchildactor.B.Jonathanwaspopularwithyoungchildactors.C.Jonathanwrotesomestoriesaboutpopularactors.D.Jonathanwaspopularbecauseofhisunusualchildhood.10.A.Thenewapartmentischeaper.B.Helikestolistentotheradio.C.Heneedsaquieterplace.D.Thepresentoneistooexpensive.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Pizza.B.Thaifood.C.Localfood.D.Vegetables.12.A.Goingtothebeach.B.Goingoverseas.C.Enjoyinglocalsights.D.Relaxingwiththefamily.13.A.Alternativemusic.B.1980srockmusic.C.1970srockmusic.D.Japanesemusic.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Itislistedintheteachingprogram.B.ItisimportanttoEnglishteaching.C.Effectivelisteningresultsingoodgrades.D.It’smoretaughtthananyothersubject.15.A.Listeninghelpstosendplainmessage.B.Listeningdeepenspersonalrelationship.C.Listeninghaslittletodowithone’sjob.D.Listeninghelpsdeliveranimportantspeech.16.A.Goodlisteningmeansagoodprofession.B.Listeningrequiresunderstanding.C.Youcanreceivemessageswithgoodlistening.D.Listeningisanimportantmeansofmunication.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Atrainingcoach.B.Atradingadviser.C.Aprofessionalmanager.D.Afinancialtrader.18.A.Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.B.Heconsiderscookingcreative.C.Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.D.Hethinkstakeawayistasteless.19.A.Itissomethinginevitable.B.Itisalwaysfrustrating.C.Ittakespatiencetomanage.D.Itcanbeagoodthing.20.A.Themanneverconsideredquitthisjob.B.Themanpaysspecialattentiontohealthydiets.C.Themanenjoysmentalchallenges.D.Themanknowsthespecificruleofbeatingstress.Ⅱ.Grammarandvocabulary(每題1分;共35分)SectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmakerA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestpletesthesentence.1.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945andtheirpower________increasedenormouslyeversince.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.hadbeen【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：第一次使用原子武器是在1945年，從那以后，它們的威力得到了極大的提高。由eversince可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語theirpower和動(dòng)詞increase是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)，主語是theirpower，為不可數(shù)名詞，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has，故選C。

2.Thefluisbelieved________byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causing B.beingcaused C.tobecaused D.havecaused【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：流感被認(rèn)為是由于病毒喜歡在人類鼻子和喉嚨內(nèi)的細(xì)胞中繁殖而引起的。主語+bebelievedtodo固定用法，意為“據(jù)認(rèn)為……”，主語theflu和動(dòng)詞cause是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選C。3.Theflowers________sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.tobesmelt【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：植物園里芳香的花朵吸引著游客去欣賞大自然的美景。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞，主語Theflowers與感官動(dòng)詞smell之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，作后置定語。故選B項(xiàng)。4.Thedisc,digitally_______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recorded B.recordingC.toberecorded D.havingrecorded【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這張?jiān)阡浺羰覕?shù)字錄制的唱片在當(dāng)晚的派對上聽起來棒極了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作非謂語動(dòng)詞，record與邏輯主語Thedisc之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式recorded作后置定語。故選A。5.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone________theycantalkfrequently.A.who B.aboutwhich C.as D.withwhom【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：美國女性通常認(rèn)為她們最好的朋友是可以經(jīng)常聊天的人。talkwith意為“與...交談”，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為someone，在定語從句中充當(dāng)talkwith的賓語，用關(guān)系代詞whom，故該空為withwhom，答案為D。6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,________ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.where B.what C.that D.how【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查主語從句。句意：楊利偉成功繞地球飛行后，我們的宇航員渴望做的就是在太空行走。此處缺少主語從句引導(dǎo)詞，從句缺少賓語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系詞what。故選B。7.Astorygoes________ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.when B.where C.what D.that【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查同位語從句連接詞。句意：有個(gè)故事說，英國的伊麗莎白一世最喜歡的就是在宮廷里被聰明而優(yōu)秀的貴族包圍。分析可知，ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt是解釋說明名詞Astory的同位語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺乏任何意義，用只起連接作用且無意義的that。故選D項(xiàng)。8.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,____________________.A.thetallbuildingcollapsedB.doctorscametotheirrescuedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：被恐怖分子攻擊，那棟大樓倒塌了。分析句子可知，空格處為主句，本句題干中使用了現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式havingbeenattackedbyterrorists，說明后句主語是attack的承受者，根據(jù)句意可知，被攻擊的是那座大樓，主語是thetallbuilding。故A項(xiàng)正確。9.—Englishhasalargevocabulary,hasn’tit?—Yes.________morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandmunicate.A.Know B.Knowing C.Toknow D.Known【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查祈使句+and句型。句意：——英語的詞匯量很大，不是嗎？——是的。知道更多的詞匯和短語，你將會發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀和交流變得很容易。根據(jù)句意及所給句子可知，此處是祈使句+and+含將來時(shí)的句型。故選A。10.Theenvironmentalistssaidwildgoats’________onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindicationofthebetterenvironment.A.escape B.absence C.attendance D.appearance【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：環(huán)保人士表示，野山羊出現(xiàn)在廣闊的草原上，這是環(huán)境改善的一個(gè)良好跡象。A.escape逃跑；B.absence缺席；不在；C.attendance出席；D.appearance出現(xiàn)。由下文“wasagoodindicationofthebetterenvironment.”可知，野山羊出現(xiàn)在廣闊的草原上，故選D。11.Hospitalstaffburstintocheersafterdoctorspleteda20hoursoperationtohave________oneyearoldtwinsatthehead.A.isolated B.separated C.divided D.removed【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在醫(yī)生們?yōu)橐粚σ粴q的雙胞胎做了長達(dá)20個(gè)小時(shí)的頭部分離手術(shù)后，醫(yī)院工作人員爆發(fā)出一陣歡呼聲。A.isolated隔離；B.separated使分開；分離；C.divided分成；D.removed移除。由上文“Hospitalstaffburstintocheersafterdoctorspleteda20hoursoperationtohave”和下文“oneyearoldtwinsatthehead.”可知，此處表示將兩個(gè)連在一起頭部分開，應(yīng)用separate，表示“將原來連在一起或靠近的部分分開”之意，故選B。12.Afterthetrainerwassurethatthewhalecouldlookafteritself,he________itintothesea.A.transported B.unloaded C.released D.handled【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在馴鯨師確信鯨魚能夠照顧自己之后，他把它放歸大海。A.transported運(yùn)輸；B.unloaded卸載；C.released放走；D.handled處理。由上文“Afterthetrainerwassurethatthewhalecouldlookafteritself,”可知，此處指把鯨魚放歸大海，故選C。13.Somepeoplelikedrinkingcoffee,forithas________effects.A.promoting B.stimulating C.enhancing D.encouraging【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有些人喜歡喝咖啡，因?yàn)樗刑嵘竦淖饔?。A.promoting促進(jìn)的；促銷的；B.stimulating刺激的；使人興奮的；C.enhancing提高的；增進(jìn)的；D.encouraging鼓舞人心的。由句意及空前的Somepeoplelikedrinkingcoffee可知因?yàn)榭Х瓤梢允谷伺d奮，所以有些人喜歡喝它，故選B項(xiàng)。14.Theteacherwroteanexampleontheblackboardto________hispoint.A.illustrate B.suggest C.express D.recognize【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：老師在黑板上寫了一個(gè)例子來說明他觀點(diǎn)。A.illustrate(用圖、實(shí)例等)說明；闡明；B.suggest建議；表明；C.express表達(dá)；表示；D.recognize認(rèn)出；識別；承認(rèn)。由句意及Theteacherwroteanexampleontheblackboard可知老師通過舉例來進(jìn)一步闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)，所以A項(xiàng)illustrate符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。15.Tokeephealthy,ProfessorJohnson_________cyclingasaregularformofexerciseafterheretired.A.tookup B.caughton C.carriedout D.madefor【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：為了保持身體健康，ProfessorJohnson退休后把騎自行車作為一種常規(guī)的鍛煉方式。A.tookup開始從事（指開始學(xué)習(xí)或從事某種活動(dòng)、愛好或職業(yè)）；B.caughton流行起來；C.carriedout執(zhí)行；D.madefor走向。根據(jù)空后“cyclingasaregularformofexerciseafterheretired”可知，此處指開始騎自行車活動(dòng)。故選A。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.AnUnexpectedAdventureBeforeNoelSantillanbecamefamousforgettinglostinIceland,hewasjustanotherguyfromNewJerseylookingforadventure.Onafreezing,darkmorning,SantillanwasdrivingawayfromanairportinarentedcartowardahotelinReykjavík,about40minutesaway,____16____(arm)withthemoderntraveller’stwoessentials:adreamand,moreimportantly,aGPSunit,whichcandirectpeopletoadefiniteaddress.HecarefullyfollowedthemandsoftheGPSthatcamewiththecar,acalmfemalevoice____17____(direct)himtothedestinationalefthere,arightthere.Butafterstoppingonadesertedstoneroadnexttoasignforagasstation,Santillangotthefeelingthatthevoicemightbesteeringhimwrong.He____18____(drive)fornearlyanhouralready,yettheestimatedtimeofarrivalontheGPSputhisarrivaltimeataround5:20p.m.,eighthourslater.____19____(assure)himself,hereenteredhisdestinationbutgotthesameresult.____20____hesensedthatsomethingwaswrong,hedecidedtotrustthemachine.The____21____(far)hedrove,thefewercarshesaw.Theroadsbecameicier.Sleeplessnessconfusedhisbrain,andhisemptystomachbecameupset.TheonlystationshecouldfindontheradiowereairingstrangetalkshowsinIcelandic.Hisphonewasnohelp,sinceithadnotbeensetupforinternationaluse.Ataround2p.m.,ashistiresslid____22____controlalonganarrowmountainroadontheedgeofasteepcliff,heknewthatthedevicehadfailedhim.He____23____(lose)anddespitetheinsistenceofhisGPSnowherenearhishotel.Therewerenootherdriversontheroad,andhedidn’tknow____24____hecoulddobutfollowthelineonthescreentoitsmysteriousend.“IknewIwasgoingtogetsomewhere,”hesays.“Ididn’tknowwhereelsetogo.”Thedirectionsendedatasmallbluehouseinatinytown,____25____aprettyblueeyedblondwomanansweredhisknock.Shesmiledashedifficultlyspokeabouthishotelandhandedherhisreservation.【答案】16.armed

17.directing

18.haddriven##hadbeendriving19.Toassure20.Although##Though21.farther22.without##beyond23.waslost24.what25.where【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一次意想不到的冒險(xiǎn)。在一個(gè)寒冷漆黑的早晨，Santillan駕駛一輛租來的汽車離開機(jī)場，前往40分鐘車程外的Reykjavík一家酒店。他一路跟著導(dǎo)航在走，但是導(dǎo)航出錯(cuò)，最終導(dǎo)航的終點(diǎn)是一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上的藍(lán)色小房子，在那里一個(gè)漂亮的金發(fā)碧眼的女人回應(yīng)了他的敲門聲。【16題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在一個(gè)寒冷、漆黑的早晨，Santillan駕駛一輛租來的汽車離開機(jī)場，前往40分鐘車程外的Reykjavík一家酒店。他帶著現(xiàn)代旅行者的兩個(gè)必備品：一個(gè)夢想，更重要的是一個(gè)GPS裝置，它可以指引人們到達(dá)一個(gè)確定的地址。句中有謂語wasdriving，且前后無連詞，應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，主語Santillan和動(dòng)詞arm(裝備)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式，故填armed?！?7題詳解】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：他小心翼翼地按照車上GPS的指令行事，一個(gè)平靜的女聲指引他到達(dá)目的地——這里左轉(zhuǎn)，那里右轉(zhuǎn)?！癮calmfemalevoice_____(direct)himtothedestinationalefthere,arightthere.”是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，主語acalmfemalevoice和動(dòng)詞direct是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填directing?！?8題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他已經(jīng)開了將近一個(gè)小時(shí)的車了，但是GPS上預(yù)計(jì)的到達(dá)時(shí)間是8小時(shí)后的下午5:20左右。此處在句中作謂語，整個(gè)事情發(fā)生在過去，且由fornearlyanhouralready可知，句子應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，或者過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，故填haddriven或hadbeendriving?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：為了使自己放心，他再次進(jìn)入他的目的地，但得到了同樣的結(jié)果。句中有謂語reentered，且前后無連詞，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，表示目的，應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語，句首單詞首字母大寫，故填Toassure。【20題詳解】考查連詞。句意：盡管他感覺到有些不對勁，他還是決定相信機(jī)器。前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處表示“盡管”，應(yīng)用連詞although/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，單詞位于句首，首字母大寫，故填A(yù)lthough/Though?！?1題詳解】考查比較級。句意：他開得越遠(yuǎn)，看到的汽車就越少，路面冰越來越多。此處是“the+比較級...，the+比較級...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越……，越……”，far的比較級有兩個(gè)，farther和further，farther表示具體的距離，即側(cè)重于距離的遠(yuǎn)，further表示抽象意義的程度，側(cè)重于思想深度的遠(yuǎn)，此處應(yīng)用farther表示具體距離的遠(yuǎn)，故填farther。22題詳解】考查介詞。句意：下午2點(diǎn)左右，當(dāng)他的輪胎在陡峭懸崖邊上一條狹窄的山路上不受控制地滑行時(shí)，他知道這個(gè)裝置讓他失望了。此處表示“無法控制”為短語without/beyondcontrol，故填without/beyond?！?3題詳解】考查謂語。句意：他迷路了，盡管他的全球定位系統(tǒng)堅(jiān)持，但是他的酒店附近沒有任何地方。belost表示“迷路的”，句子描述過去發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，主語是he，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was，故填waslost。【24題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：路上沒有其他司機(jī)，他不知道自己能做什么，只能跟著屏幕上的那條線走到神秘的盡頭?！癬__hecoulddo”為賓語從句，從句缺少do后面的賓語，表示“……的事情”，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，故填what。【25題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：導(dǎo)航的終點(diǎn)是一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上的藍(lán)色小房子，在那里一個(gè)漂亮的金發(fā)碧眼的女人回應(yīng)了他的敲門聲?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞asmallbluehouse，且從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)，故填where。SectionCDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.moderationBmercialC.presentD.arisesE.existingF.respondedG.involvedH.availableI.processingJ.accuratelyK.closelyputerprogramsrecognizewhitemenbetterthanblackwomenSoftwarethatrecognizesfaceshasboundedaheadinrecentyears,arousedbyaboominaformofartificialintelligencecalleddeeplearning.Severalfirmsnowofferfacerecognitionasa____26____service,viatheirrespectiveclouds.Theabilitytorecognizeinfacessuchthingsasanindividual’ssexhasimprovedtoo,andthisisalsomercially____27____.Thealgorithms(算法)____28____have,however,longbeensuspectedofbias.Specifically,theyaredeclaredtobebetterat____29____whitefacesthanthoseofotherpeople.Untilnow,thatsuspicionhasbeenunsupportedbyevidence.Butnextweek,atFairness,AccountabilityandTransparency,aconferenceinNewYork,JoyBuolamwinioftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywill____30____workwhichsuggestsitistrue.MsBuolamwiniandhercolleagueTimnitGebrulookedatthreesexrecognitionsystems,thoseofIBM,MicrosoftandFacebook.Theytestedtheseonasetof1,270photographsofparliamentarians(國會議員)fromaroundtheworldandfoundthatallthreeclassifiedlighterfacesmore____31____thandarkerones.Allalsoclassifiedmalesmoreaccuratelythanfemales.IBM’salgorithm,forexample,gotlightmalefaceswrongjust0.3%ofthetime.Thatparedwith34.7%ofthetimefordarkfemalefaces.Theothertwosystemshadsimilargulfsintheirperformances.Probably,thisbias____32____fromthesetsofdatathefirmsconcernedusedtotraintheirsoftware.MsBuolamwiniandMsGebrucouldnot,however,testthisbecausethosedatasetsare____33____guarded.IBMhas____34____quickly.Itsaidithadretraineditssystemonanewdatasetforthepastyear,andthatthishadgreatlyimproveditsaccuracy.WhentestingthenewsystemonanupdatedversionofthesetofpoliticiansMsBuolamwiniandMsGebruhadused,thefirmsaiditnowachievedanerrorrateof3.46%ondarkskinnedfemalefaces—atenthofthatthetworesearchershadfoundusingthe____35____system.Forlightskinnedmalestheerrorratealsofell,to0.25%.【答案】26.B27.H28.G29.I30.C31.J32.D

33.K34.F35.E

【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了相比于黑人婦女，計(jì)算機(jī)程序比更能識別白人男子?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：現(xiàn)在有幾家公司通過各自的云服務(wù)提供人臉識別服務(wù)，將其作為一種商業(yè)服務(wù)。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，表示“商業(yè)的”，為mercial，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：識別面孔的能力，比如個(gè)人的性別，也得到了提高，而且這種技術(shù)也可以在商業(yè)上應(yīng)用。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，表示“可用的”，為形容詞available。故選H?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，然而，所涉及的算法長期以來一直被懷疑存在偏見。此處表示“涉及到”，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞involve，和algorithms是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作后置定語，故選G?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：具體來說，它們被宣稱比其他人更善于處理白人面孔。此處表示“處理”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞process，介詞at后面用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，故選I?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：但下周，在紐約舉行的“公平、問責(zé)和透明”會議上，麻省理工學(xué)院的喬伊?布奧拉姆維尼（JoyBuolamwini）將展示一項(xiàng)研究成果，表明這種說法是正確的。此處是謂語動(dòng)詞，表示“展示；呈現(xiàn)”，為動(dòng)詞present，由will可知，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形，故選C?！?1題詳解】考查副詞。句意：他們對來自世界各地的1270張國會議員的照片進(jìn)行了測試，發(fā)現(xiàn)這三種分類的淺色面孔比深色面孔更準(zhǔn)確。此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，表示“準(zhǔn)確地”，為副詞accurately，故選J。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：也許，這種偏見源于有關(guān)公司用來訓(xùn)練他們的軟件的數(shù)據(jù)集。此處在句中作謂語，表示“源于”為短語arisefrom，句子描述一般性事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞arise應(yīng)用三單形式，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：然而，Buolamwini女士和Gebru女士無法對此進(jìn)行測試，因?yàn)檫@些數(shù)據(jù)集受到嚴(yán)密保護(hù)。此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞，表示“嚴(yán)密地”，應(yīng)用closely，故選K?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：IBM迅速做出了回應(yīng)。此處是謂語動(dòng)詞，表示“回應(yīng)”，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞respond，由has可知，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞形式和Hassan構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)，故選F?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在對Buolamwini女士和Gebru女士使用過的這組政治家的更新版本的新系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行測試時(shí)，該公司表示，黑皮膚女性面部的錯(cuò)誤率現(xiàn)在達(dá)到3.46%，是兩位研究人員使用相關(guān)系統(tǒng)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤率的十分之一。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞system，表示“現(xiàn)有的”，應(yīng)用形容詞existing，故選E。III.ReadingprehensionSectionA(每題1分;共15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Ambitionisanecessaryqualityinlife.Itisthe____36____whichdrivesusontousewhatevertalentwehavegot.Ifwehaven’tgotsomedegreeofambition,thesetalentswillnotbeusedforourownandothers’____37____.Ambition,____38____,canhaveseveralfaults.Firstofall,itcanbe____39____.Wemaynotbeabletoseethelimitsofourownabilities,sowedoambitiousthingsthatarepletelybeyondus.Ourcareermasterscanseeourgoodqualitiesandourlimitations____40____.Theymaytellusthatwehaven’ttheabilitytodealwithpeopleandwouldnotmakegoodbusinessmen.Werefusetotaketheir____41____.Wekeepontrying.Manyyearsandmany____42____laterweareforcedtoaccepttheirjudgement.Butwhatawasteoftimeourillfoundedambitionhascausedus!Secondly,ourambitioncanbetooconcentrated.Ourattentionisdevotedtoone____43____aim,suchasgettingdistinctionsinasciencesubject.Everythingthatmaydrawusawayfromthisaimiscutoutofourlives.Intheendwegetourdistinctions.Butwhat____44____wehavecausedourselvesintheprocess!Weareisolatedbeingsonlycaringaboutaparticularexamination.Andweprobablywon’tmakegoodscientists.We____45____thebreadthofvisionnecessaryforsuccessatahigherlevel.Thirdly,ourambitioncanbelimitedtolifelessobjectives.Wewanttogainmoney,orpower,ormembershipofsomecircles.Personswhofeelinferiortryto____46____byseekingtherespectofothersthroughpossessionoftheseartificialsignsofworth.Fourthly,ourambitionmaybe____47____.Insteadofdirectingsomeofourambitionstowardsmunityimprovement,wemayexploitmembersofthemunityintheinterestsofselfadvancements.Inlaterlifewemaybeambitiousforthesuccessofourchildrenbutweregardthissuccessasonlyafurther____48____ofourownsuccess.Ambitionisnecessaryinthelivesofindividuals—necessaryfortheirownimprovementandfortheimprovementofthemunityinwhichtheylive.But,likeallblindforces,itmustbe____49____ifitisnottocausedisaster.Itmustbetightlycontrolledbytheheadandtheheart.Otherwiseambitionmaydemandtoohighaprice____50____humanqualities.36.A.means B.action C.courage D.force37.A.justice B.affection C.benefit D.emotion38.A.however B.therefore C.besides D.furthermore39.A.unpredictable B.unusual C.unfavorable D.unrealistic40.A.positively B.objectively C.amusingly D.negatively41.A.notice B.solution C.evaluation D.measure42.A.occasions B.recoveries C.disappointments D.miracles43.A.narrow B.broad C.separated D.isolated44.A.damage B.interest C.cost D.profit45.A.omit B.value C.own D.lack46.A.giveout B.takein C.turndown D.makeup47.A.selfcentred B.selfdisciplined C.selfsatisfied D.selfcontrolled48.A.time B.mark C.design D.image49.A.directed B.promoted C.stimulated D.demanded50.A.intheprocessof B.intermsof C.inspiteof D.inhonorof【答案】36.D37.C38.A39.D40.B41.C42.C43.A44.A45.D46.D47.A48.B49.A50.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了雄心壯志是人生必備的品質(zhì)，但是野心也可能有一些缺點(diǎn)，文章主要列舉了野心的四個(gè)缺點(diǎn)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它是一種力量，驅(qū)使我們運(yùn)用我們所擁有的一切才能。A.means方法；B.action行動(dòng)；C.courage勇氣；D.force力量。根據(jù)后文“drivesusontousewhatevertalentwehavegot”可知，野心是一種力量，可以驅(qū)使我們運(yùn)用我們所擁有的一切才能。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們沒有某種程度的野心，這些才能就不會被用于我們自己和他人的利益。A.justice公平；B.affection喜愛；C.benefit益處；D.emotion情感。根據(jù)上文“thesetalentswillnotbeusedforourownandothers’”指利用才能來讓自己和他人受益。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，野心也可能有一些缺點(diǎn)。A.however然而；B.therefore因此；C.besides此外；D.furthermore此外。結(jié)合前后文語境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用however。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：首先，它是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。A.unpredictable無法預(yù)測的；B.unusual不尋常的；C.unfavorable不支持的；D.unrealistic不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。根據(jù)后文“Wemaynotbeabletoseethelimitsofourownabilities,sowedoambitiousthingsthatarepletelybeyondus.(我們可能看不到自己能力的極限，所以我們會做一些完全超出我們能力范圍的雄心勃勃的事情)”可知，野心是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的職業(yè)導(dǎo)師能客觀地看到我們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。A.positively積極地；B.objectively客觀地；C.amusingly有趣地；D.negatively消極地。根據(jù)后文“Theymaytellusthatwehaven’ttheabilitytodealwithpeopleandwouldnotmakegoodbusinessmen.(他們可能會告訴我們，我們沒有與人打交道的能力，不會成為一個(gè)好的商人)”可知，職業(yè)導(dǎo)師能客觀地看到我們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們拒絕接受他們的評價(jià)。A.notice通知；B.solution解決方案；C.evaluation評價(jià)；D.measure測量。根據(jù)上文“Theymaytellusthatwehaven’ttheabilitytodealwithpeopleandwouldnotmakegoodbusinessmen.(他們可能會告訴我們，我們沒有與人打交道的能力，不會成為一個(gè)好的商人)”可知，職業(yè)導(dǎo)師在評價(jià)我們。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多年，許多失望之后，我們被迫接受他們的判斷。A.occasions場合；B.recoveries恢復(fù)；C.disappointments失望；D.miracles奇跡。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)aterweareforcedtoaccepttheirjudgement”可知，接受他們的評價(jià)是因?yàn)榻?jīng)歷了許多失望。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的注意力都集中在一個(gè)狹隘的目標(biāo)上，例如在一門科學(xué)科目上取得優(yōu)異成績。A.narrow狹窄的，勉強(qiáng)的；B.broad寬的；C.separated分開的；D.isolated隔離的。根據(jù)后文“suchasgettingdistinctionsinasciencesubject”可知，此處指注意力都集中在一個(gè)狹隘的目標(biāo)上，例如在一門科學(xué)科目上取得優(yōu)異成績。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但在這個(gè)過程中，我們給自己造成了多大的傷害啊！A.damage破壞；B.interest興趣；C.cost成本；D.profit利潤。根據(jù)上文“Everythingthatmaydrawusawayfromthisaimiscutoutofourlives.Intheendwegetourdistinctions.(一切可能使我們偏離這個(gè)目標(biāo)的東西都被從我們的生活中剔除。最后我們得到了差異)”可知，此處指因?yàn)槟繕?biāo)狹窄而給自身造成的傷害和損失。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?nèi)狈υ诟邔哟紊先〉贸晒λ匦璧膹V闊視野。A.omit省略；B.value重視；C.own擁有；D.lack缺少。根據(jù)上文“Weareisolatedbeingsonlycaringaboutaparticularexamination.Andweprobablywon’tmakegoodscientists.(我們是孤立的存在，只關(guān)心一個(gè)特定的考試。我們可能不會成為優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家)”可知，我們?nèi)狈υ诟邔哟紊先〉贸晒λ匦璧膹V闊視野。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：感到自卑的人試圖通過擁有這些人為的價(jià)值標(biāo)志來尋求他人的尊重，從而彌補(bǔ)自己的不足。A.giveout分發(fā)；B.takein理解；C.turndown拒絕；D.makeup彌補(bǔ)。根據(jù)后文“byseekingtherespectofothersthroughpossessionoftheseartificialsignsofworth”可知，感到自卑的人試圖通過擁有這些人為的價(jià)值標(biāo)志來尋求他人的尊重，從而彌補(bǔ)自己的不足。故選D。【47題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：第四，我們的野心可能以自我為中心。A.selfcentred自我中心的；B.selfdisciplined自律的；C.selfsatisfied自滿的；D.selfcontrolled自控的。根據(jù)后文“Insteadofdirectingsomeofourambitionstowardsmunityimprovement,wemayexploitmembersofthemunityintheinterestsofselfadvancements.(我們可能會利用社區(qū)成員的利益來實(shí)現(xiàn)自我發(fā)展，而不是將我們的一些抱負(fù)用于改善社區(qū))”可知，我們的野心可能以自我為中心。故選A。【48題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在以后生活中，我們可能會雄心勃勃地希望我們的孩子成功，但我們認(rèn)為這種成功只是我們自己成功的進(jìn)一步標(biāo)志。A.time時(shí)間；B.mark標(biāo)志；C.design設(shè)計(jì)；D.image圖像。根據(jù)上文“butweregardthissuccessasonlyafurther”可知，此處指我們把孩子的成功看成自己成功的標(biāo)志，故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，像所有盲目的力量一樣，如果它不想造成災(zāi)難，就必須加以引導(dǎo)。A.directed指導(dǎo)；B.promoted促進(jìn)；C.stimulated刺激；D.demanded要求。根據(jù)后文“ifitisnottocausedisaster”可知，如果個(gè)人的野心不想造成災(zāi)難，就必須加以引導(dǎo)。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：否則，就人類的品質(zhì)而言，雄心壯志可能需要付出過高的代價(jià)。A.intheprocessof在……過程中；B.intermsof就……而言；C.inspiteof盡管；D.inhonorof為紀(jì)念。根據(jù)后文“humanqualities”可知，野心抱負(fù)只是人類品質(zhì)的其中一項(xiàng)，所以這里指就人類的品質(zhì)而言，不加以引導(dǎo)的話，雄心壯志可能需要付出過高的代價(jià)。故選B。SectionB(每題2分;共30分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Somesayeverydaymiraclesarepredestined(注定的)Allthat’snecessaryisreadiness,therightcircumstancefortheappointedmeeting.Anditcanhappenanywhere.In1999,11yearoldKevinStephanwasabatboyforhisyoungerbrother’sLittleLeagueteaminLancaster,NewYork.ItwasanearlyeveninginlateJuly.Kevinwasstandingonthegrassawayfromtheplate,whereanotheryoungsterwaswarmingupforthenextgame.Swinginghisbatbackandforth,andgivingitallthepoweranelementaryschoolkidcouldgive,theboybroughtthebatbackhardandhitKevininthechest.Hisheartstopped.WhenKevinfelltotheground,themotherofoneoftheplayersrushedoutofthestandstohisaid.PennyBrownhadn’tplannedtobetherethatday,butatthelastminute,shechangedhershift(輪班)atthehospital,andshewasgiventhenightoff.Pennybentoverthesenselessboy,hisfacealreadystartingtoturnblue,andgivingCPR,breathingintohismouthandgivingchestpressions(按壓).Andhecametolife.Afterhisrecovery,hebecameavolunteerjuniorfirefighter,learningsomeoftheemergencyfirstaidtechniquesthathadsavedhislife.Hestudiedhardinschoolandwassavingmoneyforcollegebyworkingasadishwasherinalocalrestaurantinhissparetime.Kevin,now17,wasworkinginthekitchenwhenheheardpeoplescreaming,customersinconfusion,employeesrushingtowardatable.Hehurriedintothemainroomandsawawomanthere,herfaceturningblue,herhandsatherthroat.Shewaschoking(哽住).QuicklyKevinsteppedbehindher,wrappedhisarmsaroundherandclaspedhishands.Then,usingskillshe’dfirstlearnedinScouts,thefoodthatwastrappedinthewoman’sthroatwasfreed.Thecolorbegantoreturntoherface.“Thefoodwasstuck.Icouldn’tbreathe,”shesaid.Shethoughtshewasdying.“Iwasveryfrightened.”Whowasthewoman?PennyBrown.51.KevinStephanfelltothegroundandfaintedprobablybecause________.A.hewastooexcitedwhenwatchingthegameB.hesufferedheartattackallofasuddenC.hestoodclosetotheboywhowasswinginghisbatD.heswungthebattoohardtokeephisbalance52.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrueofKevinStephan?A.HeworkedparttimeinalocalrestauranttosavemoneyforcollegeB.HewashitonthefacebyaboyandalmostlosthislifeC.Hewasavolunteerjuniorfirefighter,teachingtheplayersfirstaidskillsD.HesavedPennyBrownthoughhedidn’treallyknowhowtodealwithfoodchoke53.WhydidPennyBrownchangehershiftandwasgiventhenightoffthatnight?A.ShewastheretogivehersondirectionsB.Shecam