06選擇性必修三Unit4語法語法現(xiàn)在完成進行時

06選擇性必修三Unit4語法：語法精講精練現(xiàn)在完成進行時一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時復習：I.概念現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)進行下去。II.結構1.肯定形式：have/has＋beendoing(2021·全國乙卷)PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.從古希臘時代起，人們就開始涌入體育場。2.否定形式：have/has＋not＋beendoingHehasn’tbeenusingthecarforthelasttwomonths.在過去的兩個月里他一直沒用這輛車。III.基本用法1.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始，一直持續(xù)到說話之時，可能還會繼續(xù)下去。通常和“for＋時間段”或“since＋時間點(或從句)”的時間狀語連用。e.g.①Ithasbeensnowingforthreehours.雪已經(jīng)下了三個小時。(從過去某一時間開始下雪，強調到現(xiàn)在還在下)②Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.雨已經(jīng)下了兩個小時了。(現(xiàn)在還在下)③Jackhasbeenfeelingverywellrecently.杰克最近身體一直很好。(這個狀態(tài)還要延續(xù))2.表示剛剛結束的動作或狀態(tài)。這種意義通常根據(jù)上下文來判斷。e.g.①—Sorry!I’mlate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitingforme?—Wehavebeenwaitingforyouforhalfanhour.——很抱歉，我遲到了。你們等了多長時間了？——我們已經(jīng)等了你半個小時了。②Tomhasbeenseeingaboutaworkpermitforyou.

湯姆一直在想辦法給你弄一個工作許可證。③Thetobaccoindustryhasbeentryingtoimproveitsimage.

煙草行業(yè)一直在試圖改善其形象。3.強調動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)時間的長久或帶有感情色彩。e.g.①Shehasbeensayingthattwentytimes.這話她已經(jīng)說了二十遍了。②Ihavebeenmeetinghimthesedays.這些天我總是遇見他。③Wehavebeenmakingsuchmistakes.我么一直犯這樣的錯誤。4.表示這段時間反復發(fā)生的事情。e.g.①IhavebeenvisitingsomecitiesofChinathismonth.這個月我一直在游覽中國的一些城市。②Shehasbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。(經(jīng)常發(fā)生,并且還要持續(xù))③We’vebeenseeingquitealotofeachotherrecently.最近我們常常見面。IV.現(xiàn)在完成進行時所用的時間狀語allday/month;

thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+

時間段;since+時間點;for+

時間段，等等。如：e.g.①Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth.

兩個月來他們一直在修橋。②

Carsaleshavebeenshrinkingrecently.

汽車銷量近來一直在下降。③ThetwopartieshavebeentryingtounitesincetheNewYear.

自從新年以來，雙方就一直在試圖聯(lián)手。V.不能用現(xiàn)在完成進行時的情況1.某些不能用于進行時的動詞同樣也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時，如see,hear,know,have,like,be等。Hehasbeenhavingacoldfortwoweeks.(×)Hehashadacoldfortwoweeks.(√)2.不具有延續(xù)意義的動詞，如finish,e,go,marry等，也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時?！炯磳W即練1】完成句子①Shehasalwaysbeenworkinghardrecently.她最近工作一直很努力。②Hereyesarered.It’sobviousthatshehasbeencryingforalongtime.她的眼睛紅紅的，顯然哭了很長時間。③Wehavebeenstayinginahotelsincewecamehere.自從到這里以后，我們一直住在旅館。④Yourclothesarecoveredwithdust.Youhavebeencleaningtheclassroom,Ithink.你的衣服滿是灰塵，我想你一直在打掃教室吧。⑤MysisterhasbeenlearningEnglishsince2016.自從2016年以來，我姐姐一直在學英語。V.現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成時強調過去的動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結果√強調動作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性√強調動作或狀態(tài)重復√表達生動，含有感情色彩√說明一個事實、一種影響或結果√1.兩者都表示動作從過去開始，但現(xiàn)在完成時著重表示動作的完成；而現(xiàn)在完成進行時著重表示動作的延續(xù)性。因此表示動作的完成，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時。e.g.Ihavereadthebook.我讀過了這本書。（動作完成了，強調影響及結果）Ihavebeenreadingthebookfortwohours.這本書我已經(jīng)讀了兩個小時。（動作不一定完成，強調延續(xù)性）2.有少數(shù)動詞（如work,study,live,teach,stay等）在表示持續(xù)一段時間時，用這兩種時態(tài)含義差不多（只是用現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調動作的持續(xù)性）。e.g.Howlonghaveyouworked/beenworkinghere?你在這兒工作多久了？I’velived/beenlivingheresince1988.自1988年以來我就一直住在這兒。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們經(jīng)常見面。3.現(xiàn)在完成時通常只陳述事實，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時還可表示一種感情色彩。e.g.Ihavewaitedhereforherformorethantwohours.我在這里等了她兩個多小時。（陳述事實）Ihavebeenwaitinghereforherformorethantwohours.我在這里一直等了她兩個多小時。（等得好辛苦）Shehasalwaysbeenworkinglikethat.她一貫是那樣工作的。(贊許)4.不用于進行時態(tài)的動詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如某些靜態(tài)動詞know,marry,last等。e.g.I’veknownherfortwoyears.我認識她兩年了。They’vebeenmarriedfortwentyyears.他們結婚已二十年了。Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.這場戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了很長時間。但不能說：Ihavebeenknowinghimfortwoyears.5.現(xiàn)在完成進行時不用于被動語態(tài)，若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替。e.g.Thehousehasbeenpaintedforamonth.這房子已漆了一個月。Theproblemhasbeenstudiedforfivedays.這個問題已研究了五天。6.表示“重復”。既表示在一段持續(xù)的時間內動作多次的重復，而這個重復的動作在說話時并不一定正在進行。區(qū)別：e.g.Hehasgonetothelibrary.他去圖書館了。Hehasbeengoingtothelibraryrecently.最近他總去圖書館?！炯磳W即練2】用所給詞的適當形式填空①Althoughmanymeasureshavebeentaken(take),theworld’seconomyisstillgoingdown.②Youshouldgotobed.Youhavebeenwatching(watch)TVfor5hours.③Theyhavebeenplanting(plant)treessincethismorning.④Sorry,butMrSmithhasleft(leave)forBeijing.⑤Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehehasbeenplaying(play)inthemudallthemorning.⑥Bythetimeherealiseshehaswalked(walk)intoatrap,it'llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.二、單句語法填空：1.Asisknowntousall,Thegovernment__________(dispose)oftheairpollutiontheseyears.2.TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichMichaelJordanstartedinChicago__________(help)youngpeoplesince1996.3.IgraduatedfromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversityin1998,andI__________(teach)Englishlecturesince.4.Itseemsthatwaterfromthistap__________(leak)forsometime.We’llhavetotakeitaparttoputitright.5.YuanLongping__________(struggle)forChinesefarmersoverthepastdecades.6.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy__________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.7.Thesescientists__________(work)attheprojectfornearlyfouryears,andIdon’tknowhowlongitwilllast.8.Sincelastmonth,George,alongwithsomeofhisformerclassmates,__________(desire)tohavea20yeargatheringduringthissummerholiday.9.Thelittlegirl’shandsareverydirty.She__________(play)withthemudallmorning.10.Astronomerssaythisisanaturalphenomenonthat__________(happen)foracentury.11.We__________(work)onitforseveralhoursbuthavenotyetreachedanyconclusion.12.You__________(write)thewholemorning.Youshouldstopandhaveabreak.13.“People__________(sit)thereandstandingthereandtakingpicturesofeachother,”Rosays.14.Iamsorryyou__________(wait)forsolong,butitwillstillbesometimebeforeJimgetsback.15.Tina__________(think)aboutfindinganewjobforawholeyear,butshehasn’tmadeherfinaldecisionyet.16.ThestudentswhoarepreparingfortheNationalEntranceExaminationforPostgraduate__________(wait)outsidethelibraryfortwohours.17.Thechildren__________(practise)dancinginthepastmonth,andhavemademuchprogressinit.18.Intwomonths,itwillbeThanksgiving.ChildrenallovertheUSA__________(look)forwardtothisdayforweeks.19.Thegreenhand__________(tackle)theproblemfortwoweeks,onlytorealizethathehasappliedawrongmeans.

20.Wecanfindbeautifullightintheotherperson,whichmaybepreciselywhatwe__________(search)forallalong.21.I__________(look)formylostbookforthreedays,butIstillhaven’tfoundit.22.We’vebeentoldthegoodnews,butwhenandwheretogofortheexcitingpaidvacation__________(notdiscuss)yet.23.Sincethebeginningofthevacation,I___________(travel)acrossthecountry,andmynextdestinationistheWuyiMountains.24.Overthepastdecades,seaice____________(decrease)intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.25.Excuseme,Marcia,areporterfromVanityFair___________(ring)allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?26.Youknow,I___________(look)forajobforthreemonthsandthisismyfirstformalinterview.27.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe___________(play)inthemudallthemorning.28.I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.Ithinkso.He___________(prepare)foritformonths.29.—Youlookpale.—Iamtired.I___________(paint)thelivingroomallday.30.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.31.Danny__________(work)hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.

32.Thosecandidates___________(wait)inthehallforovertwohours.33.He___________(sleep)for6hoursandstillcan`twakeup.34.Mymother___________(clean)thefurniturethewholeweekend.35.Haveyoufinishedthereport?No,I___________(do)itallbymyself.36.Theseflowers___________(give)offastrangesmellthismorning.37.Marty___(work)reallyhardonhisbookandhethinkshe’llhavefinisheditbyFriday.38.It(rain)everydaysincethebeginningofthismonth.39.They

(be)hereforthreeyearsbytheendofthisyear.40.I(learn)ChineseformanyyearssinceIcametoChinathreeyearsago.41.Ithasetoourknowledgethatyou______(cheat)thepany.42.Eversincemiddleschool,he______(dream)abouttakingagreatbiketrip.43.Inrecentyears,militaryforces(assign)tohelpwithpeacekeeping.44.Forhalfamonth,he(prepare)fortheschoolbasketballgame.45.Inordertopletethetaskinadvance,she(bury)herselfintheworkthesedays.46.Thetobaccoindustry(try)toimproveitsimage.47.Thegroup(live)inaremotecorneroftheCambodianjungle.48.Jim(phone)Jennyeverynightforthelastweek.49.Thetwoparties___________(try)tounitesincetheNewYear.50.Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy__________(consider)goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.【答案】1.hasbeendisposing2.hasbeenlosing3.havebeenteaching4.hasbeenleaking5.hasbeenstruggling6.hasbeenconsidering7.havebeenworking8.hasbeendesiring9.hasbeenplaying10.hasbeenhappening11.havebeenworking12.havebeenwriting13.havebeensitting14.havebeenwaiting/havewaited15.hasbeenthinking16.havebeenwaiting/havewaited17.havebeenpractising18.hasbeenraining19.hasbeentackling20.havebeensearching21.havebeenlooking22.hasn’tbeendiscussed23.havebeentravel(l)ing24.hasbeendecreasing25.hasbeenringing26.havebeenlooking27.hasbeenplaying28.hasbeenpreparing29.havebeenpainting

30.hasbeenconsidering31.hasworked32.havebeenwaiting/havewaited33.hasbeensleeping34.hasbeencleaning35.havebeendoing36.havebeengiving37.hasbeenworking38.hasbeenraining39.havebeen/willhavebeen40.havebeenlearning41.havebeencheating42.hasbeendreaming43.havebeenassigned44.hasbeenpreparing45.hasbeenburying46.hasbeentrying47.hasbeenliving48.hasbeenphoning49.havebeentrying50.hasbeenconsidering三、高考真題回顧：1.(2022·全國甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.

2.(2020北京卷)TheNeanderthals____________(live)alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.3.(2020北京卷)OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood____________(play)abigroleinhislife.4.(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IloveinghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI___________(make)overtheyears.【答案與解析】1.【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語“Inthelastfiveyears”可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填haswalked。2.【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：尼安德特人與人類祖先一起在歐洲生活了數(shù)萬年，直到大約4萬年前滅絕。設空處在句中作謂語，結合語意，尼安德特人生活在歐洲這一動作發(fā)生在過去，句子使用一般過去時，動詞使用過去式形式lived；或表示live這一動作發(fā)生在滅絕之前，表示“過去的過去”，使用過去完成時hadlived；或強調live這一動作是一直正在進行的，使用過去完成進行時hadbeenliving。故填lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving。3.【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：奧利弗是一檔關于食物的電視節(jié)目主持人。他說食物在他的生命中扮演著重要角色。此處表示一般性事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時；也可表示“現(xiàn)在正在扮演重要角色”，用現(xiàn)在進行時；也可以表示從過去一直到現(xiàn)在延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時，主語food是不可數(shù)名詞，故填plays/hasplayed/isplaying/hasbeenplaying。4.【解析】考查時態(tài)。overtheyears常與完成時連用，在此意為“(從過去某時到現(xiàn)在的)多年來”。根據(jù)主句謂語動詞love的時態(tài)可知，定語從句的謂語動詞make應用現(xiàn)在完成式。四、語篇語法填空：(1)Asayoungmanofbothpassionandendurance,PerceBlackhorowhadlongbeendreaming1decentadventure.Sohedidn’tgiveupwhenSirErnestShackletonturneddownhisrequesttojointheexpedition.Perce2(secret)hidhimselfinacupboard,only3(find)threedaysaftertheysetoff.Hefeltfortunateandhappywhenhewasassignedasastewardinsteadof4(send)backhome.Itturnedouttobeatoughjourney.Theshipgot5(stick)intheiceastheyapproachedAntarcticaandtheyhadtoabandontheship.UndertheguidanceofSirErnest,they6(throw)awaynearlyeverythingexceptnecessitiesandabanjo,7kepttheirspiritsupduringthejourney.Survivalwasnoteasyandthingswentfrombadtoworse.FinallySirErnestleftforSouthGeorgiaIslandinordertofindhelp.ThedesperatesituationmadeyoungPerceBlackborowfeeldown8beebadtempered.Itwasthegenuine9(encourage)andconcernfromBlessFrankWildthatcheeredhimup.FrankandErnest’sresolveandperseverancefilledhimwithhope.Realizingthatheshouldn’tbeeselfishjustbecauseof10adversitytheywerefacedwith,helearnedtobeoptimisticanddetermined.【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了主人公PerceBlackhorow經(jīng)歷的一次冒險之旅。21.考查介詞。句意：作為一個既有激情又有耐力的年輕人，PerceBlackhorow早就夢想著像樣的冒險。根據(jù)句意可知，“dreamof/about”意為“夢想……”，為動詞短語，是一個固定搭配。故填of/about。22.考查副詞。句意：Perce秘密地藏在一個柜子里，結果在他們出發(fā)三天后被發(fā)現(xiàn)。分析句子可知，句中“hid”為動詞，意為“隱藏”，前面應用副詞修飾，secret意為“秘密的”，形容詞詞性，對應的副詞為secretly，意為“秘密地”。故填secretly。23.考查非謂語動詞。句意：當他被指派做伙夫，而不是被遣送回家時，他感到很幸運、很高興。此空用在介詞of后，應該用動名詞形式，另外，根據(jù)上下文意思來看，這里表示“被遣送回家”，故應用動名詞的被動形式“beingsent”。故填beingsent。24.考查動名詞被動式。句意：結果是一段艱難的旅程。根據(jù)句意可知，句中涉及固定短語“turnouttobe…”，意為“結果是……”，故空格處應用out。故填out。25.考查固定短語。句意：當他們接近南極洲時，船陷在了冰里，他們不得不棄船。根據(jù)句意可知，句中涉及固定短語“getstuck”，意為“被卡住，被困住”，句中指船被困在冰里，stick意為“插入”，動詞詞性，stuck為stick的過去分詞。故填stuck。26.考查時態(tài)。句意：在Ernest先生的指導下，他們幾乎扔掉了所有的東西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他們在旅途中精神振奮。根據(jù)句意和句中“kept”可知，句中講述的是過去發(fā)生的事，應用一般過去時，動詞要用過去式，throw意為“扔”，動詞詞性，過去式為threw。故填threw。27.考查定語從句。句意：在Ernest先生的指導下，他們幾乎扔掉了所有的東西，除了必需品和一把班卓琴，它使他們在旅途中精神振奮。根據(jù)句意和句子結構可知，句子為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為banjo，為物，在從句中作主語，故應用關系代詞which引導從句，that不能引導非限制性定語從句。故填which。28.考查連詞。句意：滿溢29.考查名詞。句意：正是來自BlessFrankWild的真誠鼓勵和關心使他振作起來。分析句子可知，句子為強調句，強調主語“thegenuine_____andconcernfromBlessFrankWild”，句中“genuine”意為“真誠的”，形容詞詞性，后應接名詞在句中作主語，encourage意為“鼓勵”，動詞詞性，對應的名詞為encouragement，意為“鼓勵”，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填encouragement。30.考查冠詞。句意：意識到他不應該因為他們所面臨的逆境而變得自私，他學會了樂觀和堅定。分析句子可知，句中“adversity”意為“逆境”，名詞詞性，根據(jù)句中“theywerefacedwith”可知，句中特指“他們所面臨的逆境”，故應用不定冠詞the修飾，表示特指。故填the。(2)Manyofmyfriendslikefallandtakeitastheirfavoriteseason.Lastweekend,Iwentoutdoorsandsoon1(find)adeeperappreciationforthisseason.Thechangeofleafcolorsisamonreasongiven2theloveoffall.Eachtreereacts3(different)tothechangeoftheseason.Someshedtheirleavesinhopesofreproducing；however,other4(tree)remaingreenforaslongaspossibletogainadditionalenergyfromthesuntosurvivethewinter.Thiseffect5(call)theflightorfightresponse.Fallisatimeof6(reflect)andpreparationfortheyearahead.Ihavefoundameaningoffallforme.I’m718yearoldboyinthefinalyearofhighschoolandmylifeisajobinprogress.TherearetimesIwanttogiveup,butthenIlookaroundmeandrealizelifekeeps8(move).Thenaturalcycleoflifeisbeautifulanddoesn’tstopgrowingsoIhavetolearntokeepup.Themeaningoffallisdifferentforeachperson.Iencourageyou9(go)outtofollowsomepathorsidewalkanddiscover10fallmeanstoyou.【解析】作者喜歡秋天這個季節(jié)，因為它是作者反思和準備未來的時刻，能讓作者不斷前進。1.考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“Lastweekend”和“went”可知，此處敘述發(fā)生在過去的事，故填found。2.考查介詞。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結構可知，此處用固定搭配thereasonfor...“……的原因”，故填介詞for。3.考查詞性轉換。分析句子結構可知，此處用副詞修飾動詞reacts，故填differently。4.考查名詞的單復數(shù)。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結構可知，此處other修飾名詞復數(shù)，且謂語動詞為復數(shù)，故填trees。5.考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結構可知，call和主語Thiseffect是被動關系，且此處描述的是一種客觀情況，應用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，故填iscalled。6.考查詞性轉換。of是介詞，后面接名詞、代詞或者動名詞作賓語，再結合空后的preparation可知，此處應填reflection。7.考查冠詞。此處泛指一個18歲的男孩，且所修飾單詞的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞an。8.考查非謂語動詞。keepdoingsth意為“一直做某事；繼續(xù)做某事”，為固定用法，故填moving。9.考查非謂語動詞。encouragesbtodosth意為“鼓勵某人做某事”，為固定用法，故填togo。10.考查賓語從句。根據(jù)語境且分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，且在從句中作賓語，表示“什么”，故填what。(3)Ayoungman,while1(travel)throughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.Thewaterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder2hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour–dayjourney,theyoungmanpresentedthewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiledwarmly,andthankedhisstudentverymuch3thesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthomewithahappyheart.Afterthestudent4(leave),theteacherletanotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,5(say)itwasawful.Obviously,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretend6(like)it”Theteacherreplied,“Youtastethewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwas7(simple)thecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe8(sweet).Weunderstandthislessonbestwhenwereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whether9isacheappipeoradiamondnecklace,theproperresponseis10(appreciate).Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位學生長途跋涉給老師帶來了沙漠里的清泉，雖然泉水由于裝在皮水壺里時間太長而變得味道苦澀，但是它承載的愛和善良卻讓老師深受感動。1.考查非謂語動詞。句意：一個年輕人在穿越沙漠的時候，遇到一潭清水。此處為while引導的時間狀語從句的省略，完整的從句應為“Whilehewastravelingthroughadesert”，省略時應該將主語和be動詞同時省略，即省略hewas，故填traveling。2.考查定語從句。句意：他把他的皮容器裝滿水，這樣他可以帶些回去給做過他老師的老人。這里是定語從句，先行詞是anelder（一位老人），在定語從句中作主語，故填who/that。3.考查固定短語。句意：老師對學生帶回的水表示感謝。thanksbforsth意為“就…表示感謝”，故填for。4.考查時態(tài)。句意：這個學生走后，老師讓另外一個學生品嘗從沙漠帶回的水。因為這個學生離開是過去的事情，所以謂語動詞應使用一般過去時，故填left。5.考查非謂語動詞。句意：他把水吐出來，說它太難喝了。本句中的動詞say與句子主語he構成主動關系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作伴隨狀語，表示動作與spit同時發(fā)生，故填saying。6.考查固定短語。句意：為什么你假裝喜歡它呢？pretendtodo是固定短語，意為“假裝做某事”，故填tolike。7.考查副詞。句意：水只不過是裝著善意和愛的容器。此處需填入副詞在句中作狀語，意為“只不過”，simple的副詞是simply，故填simply。8.考查形容詞比較級。句意：沒什么能比它更甜了。語境中暗含比較意味，因此使用形容詞的比較級形式。否定詞和比較級連用表示最高級的含義，該句可轉化為Thewaterissweeterthananythingelse.，故填sweeter。9.考查人稱代詞。句意：無論這種禮物是一個廉價的煙斗還是一條貴重的鉆石項鏈。此處需填入代詞作主語，指代上文提到的禮物，再根據(jù)表語acheappipeoradiamondnecklace（一個廉價的煙斗還是一條貴重的鉆石項鏈）是單數(shù)，可知使用it代替禮物，故填it。10.考查名詞。句意：無論這種禮物是一個廉價的煙斗還是一條貴重的鉆石項鏈，對之作出的適當?shù)姆磻褪切蕾p。此處需要填入名詞作表語，appreciate（欣賞）是動詞，它的名詞是appreciation，故填appreciation。(4)MaxWoosey,an11yearoldfromtheUnitedKingdom,hasspenthistimeduringCOVIDdoingsomething1(mean).Max’sfamilywerelookingaftertheirneighbor,Rick,whowas2(die)ofcancer.BeforeRickpassed3,hegaveMaxatentandhadhimpromisetohaveanadventure.So,afterRickdied,MaxdecidedtoraisemoneyfortheNorthDevonHospice,4caredforRickinhisfinaldays.Whenthefirstlockdownhappened,thehospice’sfundraisingalsocametoahalt(中止).Maxsetagoal5(raise)100poundsbycampingoutinhisgarden.OnMarch29th,2020MaxstartedhiscampingadventureinRick’stent.He6(join)byhisdogandafewstuffedanimalstokeep7(he)pany.Ashepassedhundredsofdays8(camp)out,heattractednationalattentionfromthemediaandeventhePrimeMinister,whopaidhimavisit!Inall,Maxhasraisedmorethan750,000poundsfortheNorthDevonHospice!Thismadeup9abouthalfofthe10(donate)theyhadlostfortheyear!【解析】本文文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個男孩Max為一家臨終關懷醫(yī)院籌錢的故事。1.考查形容詞。句意：來自英國的11歲男孩MaxWoosey在新冠肺炎疫情期間做了一些有意義的事情。修飾不定代詞something，用形容詞形式。故填meaningful。2.考查時態(tài)。句意：Max的家庭照顧他們的鄰居Rick，他是死于癌癥。句中先行詞Rick在定語從句中作主語，與dieof之間為主動關系，根據(jù)句中was可知，用過去進行時。故填dying。3.考查短語。句意：Rick去世之前，他給了Max一頂帳篷，并讓他答應去冒險。passaway去世。故填away。4.考查定語從句。句意：因此，在Rick去世后，Max決定為北德文郡臨終關懷醫(yī)院籌集資金，在Rick生命的最后幾天里，這家醫(yī)院一直在照顧他。句中先行詞為theNorthDevonHospice，在非限定性定語從句中作主語，所以用關系代詞which引導。故填which。5.考查非謂語動詞。句意：馬克斯設定了一個在花園里露營以籌集100英鎊的目標。句中用不定式作目的狀語。故填toraise。6.考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他的狗和一些毛絨玩具陪伴著他。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。主語he與join之間為被動關系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填wasjoined。7.考查代詞。句意：他的狗和一些毛絨玩具陪伴著他（自己）。動詞keep后接賓語，所以用人稱代詞的賓格形式。也可以反身代詞，表示“他自己”。故填him/himself。8.考查非謂語動詞。句意：他在外面露營了數(shù)百天，吸引了全國媒體的注意，甚至還吸引了總理的注意，總理還拜訪了他!passtim