2023年高考英語話題詞匯+閱讀+寫作：自然災(zāi)害

專題07自然災(zāi)害一備戰(zhàn)2023高考英語話題通關(guān)精準(zhǔn)練（詞匯+閱讀

+寫作）

目錄內(nèi)容

板塊一話題詞匯過關(guān)

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板塊二話題短語表達(dá)過關(guān)

板塊三話題句型練筆

板塊四話題閱讀訓(xùn)練

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板塊五話題寫作訓(xùn)練

一：話題詞匯過關(guān)

1.earthquaken.地震21.rescuen.救援

2.landsliden.滑坡22.disastern.災(zāi)難

3.snowstormn.暴風(fēng)雪23.sheltern.掩蔽；藏身處

4.hitvt.襲擊24.buryvt.埋

5.shakevi.晃動25.damagevt.破壞；損壞

6.hurricanen.颶風(fēng)26.frightenedadj.害怕的

7.typhoonn.臺風(fēng)27.terrifyvt.使恐懼；使驚嚇

8.tornadon.龍卷風(fēng)28.ashn.灰；灰末

9.droughtn.干旱29.victimn.受害者

10.alarmn.警報(bào)30.catastrophen.災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍

11.humidadj.潮濕的31.radioactiveadj.放射性的

12.humidityn.濕氣,濕度32.panicn&vi.驚慌；恐慌

13.phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象33.muddyadj.泥濘的

14.shaken.搖；震動34.lavan.熔巖；巖漿

15.burstvi.爆發(fā)；爆炸35.meltvi.融化

16.ruinn.廢墟36.tidaladj.潮汐的；有漲落的

17.injurevt.損害37.worsenvi.（使）惡化

18.destroyvt,破壞；毀壞38.fierceadj,狂暴的；惡劣的

19.uselessadj.無用的39.sufferingn,遭受，遭罪

20.shockvt.使...震驚40.calmlyadv.鎮(zhèn)靜地

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41.scaryadj.恐怖的；嚇人的58.comfortvt.安慰

42.tidaladj.受潮水影響的;有漲落的59.effortn.努力

43.tropicaladj.熱帶的60.well-trainedadj.訓(xùn)練有素的

44.tsunamia.海嘯61.properadj.恰當(dāng)?shù)?；合適的

45.typhoonn.臺風(fēng)62.properlyadv.適當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

46.deliberatelyadv.蓄意地；審慎地63.smellyadj.有臭味的；發(fā)臭的

47.dustyadj.滿是灰塵的64.surroundvt.圍繞；包圍

48.panicn.恐慌;驚慌65.surroundingadj.周圍的

49.powerfuladj.強(qiáng)有力的66.surroundingsn.環(huán)境

50.sensevt.感覺67.complainv.抱怨;埋怨

51.lossn.損失68.greenhousen.溫室

52.terribleadj.可怕的69.habitatn.棲息地

53.emergencyn,緊急情況70.hurricanen.颶風(fēng)

54.nervousadj.神經(jīng)質(zhì)的，緊張的71.landsliden.山體滑坡

55.worriedadj.擔(dān)心的72.meltvi.融化

56.fimdn.資金，基金73.rainbown.彩虹

57.providevt.提供74.sandstormn.沙塵暴

二：話題短語表達(dá)過關(guān)

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1.makeone'sescape逃脫

2.keepone'shead保持冷靜

3.inthefhceof面臨

4.muchtoo太...

5.holdonto保住，守??；保存，保留；堅(jiān)持

6.inanorderlyline整齊地排成一行，有序的一行/一隊(duì)

7.toon〉'sgreatrelief令某人極為欣慰的是

8.clear...of...清除掉...的....

9.vetpreparedfor為...做準(zhǔn)備

10.makethedifferencebetweenlifbanddeath起著生死攸關(guān)的作用

11.blowaway吹走，刮走；炸飛

12.thunderandlightning雷電交加

13.weatherforecast天氣預(yù)報(bào)

14.greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)

15.globalwanning全球變暖

16.rightaway立刻；馬上

17.calmdown平靜下來

18.burstout爆發(fā)

19.burstinto突然...

20.inruins廢墟

21.diRout挖掘

22.giveout分發(fā);發(fā)出

23.preparefor為...做準(zhǔn)備

24.insteadof代替;不是

25.atanend完結(jié)，結(jié)束

26.agreatnumberof大量的

27.onone'sway在路上;快要到來

28.raisehinds籌集基金

29.eothrough經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受

30.makeconnectionswith與...聯(lián)系起來

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31.asenseoffbarandconfUsion恐懼和困惑感

32.beshockedat對...感到震驚

33.takeshelterfh)m躲避

34.breakdown垮掉

35.crowdin涌入

36.blowdown吹倒

三：話題句型練筆

1..On20Decembunaseriesofhueewavescausedbyanunderseaearthquakeraced___________

acrosstheoceannearGoldshoreandleftthousandsdead.

12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速沖過金海岸附近的海面，造成數(shù)千人死亡。

2.Dadwaslisteningtoaweatherreportontheradio,whileMumwasputtinetheir_______________

importantdocumentsanddisastersuppliesintoabag.

爸爸在用收音機(jī)聽天氣預(yù)報(bào)，而媽媽正在把他們重要的文件及救災(zāi)物資裝進(jìn)包里。

3.NearlyseveateencenturieshadrolledawaybeforethecityofPompeiiwasdug______________

fromitssilentrestingplace.

將近17個(gè)世紀(jì)過去了，龐貝城才從它沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出來。

4.Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwouldhavebeeninjured.

我系著安全帶。如果我沒有系安全帶，我就會受傷了。

5.WhatthedirectorwantstotellDeopleisthatweshouldtakemeasurestobeautify

theenvironment.

導(dǎo)演想告訴我們的是我們應(yīng)該采取措施美化環(huán)境。

6.Amajorityofpeopleholdthebeliefthatclimatechangeisthepressingthreat_________________

formankind.

大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為氣候的變化是對人類緊迫的威脅。

7.Thisdisasterinjuredthousandsofpeopleandlefttensofthousandsofpeople_________________

homeless.

這次災(zāi)害使數(shù)千人受傷，數(shù)萬人無家可歸。

8.DisasterDayisaimingatproposingeveryonetostopdoin?thethingsthatwill________________

causenaturaldisaster.

自然災(zāi)害日旨在提倡大家停止做會導(dǎo)致自然災(zāi)害的事情。

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9.Naturaldisastershavecausedserioustragedy,makingplentyofpeopleinjured

ordead.

自然災(zāi)害已造成嚴(yán)重的悲劇，導(dǎo)致很多人受傷或死亡。

四：話題閱讀訓(xùn)練

(A)

Itsoundsimpossiblefora500-poundbeartobreakintoahousethroughasmallwindow.

ButtheanimalknownasHanktheTankisnoordinarybear:Hehasusedhisextraordinary

strengthtoforceintoatleast28garagesinSouthLakeTahoeandisresponsiblefor

152reportsofconflictbehaviorwiththelocalpeopleoverthepastsevenmonths.

“Thissmartbeardoesnotbreakintoagaragewheretrashiskept,“thepolice

departmentsaidinastatement."Hehangsoutintheneighborhoodquiteoftenbecause

hehasbeencontinuouslyrewardedwithfoodstoredingarages.’

Themostrecentincidentoccurredlatelastweek,whenlocalpoliceofficerswere

calledtoahomeonCatalinaDrivewhenHankbrokeintoanothergarageandthepolice

departmenthasplannedaspecialtrappingefforttoremoveHanktheTankfromthe

neighborhood.Afterhe'scaught,itwilldecidewhetherhecanbeplacedinacontrolled

habitatorwhetherheshouldbekilled."WehopethatHankcanavoidthesadending

ofanotherfamousbearfromtheTahoearea,“itsaid.

LikeHanktheTank,the500-poundbearnamedtheSafewayBearhadlostitsfearof

people.ItwasknownfordrivingawayKingsBeachget-togethers,helpingitselftoa

birthdaycakeandothertreats.In2020,itwascaughtoncamerastealingfoodfroma

grocerystoreatLakeTahoe'snorthernshore.

ThebearwaseventuallytrappedandsenttoaremotewildhabitatinElDoradoCounty.

Itstrackingcollarwasfoundinthewoodsinthespringof2021,leadingbiologists

tohopethatithadsuccessfullygottenusedtoanaturaldietandlostweight,allowing

thecollartoslipoff.

Butthetruthwasveryheart-breaking.Thebigbearwasreducedtoashellofits

formerselfandwaskilledatacampgroundwhereafamilygatheringincludedsmall

children.

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“Theactionoftheshooterwasthemosthumaneoutcomeforthisbear,“saidone

ofthebiologists.

1.Whatdothepoliceofficersprobablysuggestthepublicdo?

A.Avoidmixingfoodleftoverswithgarbage.

B.Replacesmallwindowswithbiggerones.

C.CallthepoliceoncetheyseeHanktheTank.

D.Putfoodoutsidetohelpthetrappingeffort.

2.WherewastheSafewayBearsent?

A.ElDoradoCounty.B.KingsBeach.

C.CatalinaDrive.D.LakeTahoe.

3.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheSafewayBear?

A.IthadahardlifeintheTahoearea.

B.Itlostitsabilitytoliveinthewild.

C.Itsuccessfullygotusedtoanaturaldiet.

D.Itstolefoodandkilledpeopleonthebeach.

4.Whatisthebiologist'sattitudetotheactionoftheshooter?

A.Opposed.B.Skeptical.C.Supportive.D.Unconcerned.

參考答案：

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“"Thissmartbeardoesnotbreakintoagaragewhere

trashiskept,“thepolicedepartmentsaidinastatement."Hehangsoutinthe

neighborhoodquiteoftenbecausehehasbeencontinuouslyrewardedwithfoodstoredin

garages."（“這只聰明的熊不會闖入存放垃圾的車庫，”警察局在一份聲明中說?！八?jīng)常在

附近閑逛，因?yàn)樗粩嗟玫酱娣旁谲噹炖锏氖澄镒鳛楠?jiǎng)勵(lì)。"）“可推知，警方很可能建議避免

把剩余的食物與垃圾混在一起。故選A

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Thebearwaseventuallytrappedandsenttoaremote

wildhabitatinElDoradoCounty.（這只熊最終被困住，并被送到了位于埃爾多拉多縣的一個(gè)

偏遠(yuǎn)的野生棲息地）”可知，SafewayBear被送到了ElDoradoCounty。故選Ao

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Itstrackingcollarwasfoundinthewoodsinthe

springof2021,leadingbiologiststohopethatithadsuccessfullygottenusedtoa

naturaldietandlostweight,allowingthecollartoslipoff.（2021年春天，人們在樹

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林里發(fā)現(xiàn)了它的追蹤項(xiàng)圈，這讓生物學(xué)家們希望它已經(jīng)成功適應(yīng)了自然飲食并減肥，讓項(xiàng)圈得以

滑落）”和第二段的“Butthetruthwasveryheart-breaking.Thebigbearwasreducedto

ashellofitsformerselfandwaskilledatacampgroundwhereafamilygatheringincluded

smallchildren.（但事實(shí)卻非常令人心碎。這只大熊淪落為以前的自己的外殼，在一個(gè)營地被殺

死，在那里，一個(gè)有孩子的家庭聚會在舉行）”可知，SafewayBear失去了在野外生活的能力，

在一個(gè)宿營地被殺死了。故選B。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“"Theactionoftheshooterwasthemosthumaneoutcome

forthisbear,"saidoneofthebiologists.（“射擊者的行為對這只熊來說是最人道的結(jié)

果，”其中一位生物學(xué)家說）”可知，這位生物學(xué)家對射擊者的行為是支持的。故選C。

（B）

ElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermen

whonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotoseven

years,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNinoseeswarm

water,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwinds

thatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.

Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.Richcountriesgain

morefrompowerfulNinos,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNinoin

1997-98helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetter

agriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalrisein

agriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.

ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱）in

south-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomay

relievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandother

disasters.

ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcaused

damageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,and

somuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.Accordingtothe

OverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI）,however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthe

pasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuilding

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afterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleast

twoonreconstruction.

Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）canreducethespreadof

disease.Bettersewers（下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyan

outbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikely

tobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMr

Hsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino9sharmfuleffects一andthe

poorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbe

causal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducethe

riskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.Sincethepoorest

areleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducing

theirlossesneedstobethepriority.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?

A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.

B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.

C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.

D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.

2.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?

A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.

B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.

C.Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.

D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.

3.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.

A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction

B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid

C.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensation

0.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.

B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.

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C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.

D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.

參考答案：

1.D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段概括說明了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象名字的來源，發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、現(xiàn)

象的成因等內(nèi)容。根據(jù)文中“backeastwards”和“normallyblowwestwards”等關(guān)鍵詞可知

D項(xiàng)正確。

2.C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中uRichcountriesgainmore...“排除A項(xiàng),

錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)出在fall一詞;B項(xiàng)的說法沒有根據(jù)，文章中并沒有做出對比;D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在less一詞，從文章

第二段和第三段的說明可知，一些貧困的國家，如印度尼西亞，遭受到嚴(yán)重的干旱，影響了國家的

經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。c項(xiàng)的題源句為第二段中RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNinos,onbalance,

thantheylose.",句意為“總的來說，富裕國家得大于失J

3.A解析推理判斷題。題源句為第四段"AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopment

Institute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecades

hasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.”

句意為：然而根據(jù)海外研究所提供的數(shù)字，在過去的20年里，相比于災(zāi)后恢復(fù)和重建，只有12%的

賑災(zāi)資金用于事先的減災(zāi)預(yù)防。just的內(nèi)涵意義是“言其少”，因此選擇A項(xiàng)。B、C項(xiàng)文章沒有

提及,D項(xiàng)弄反了作者的觀點(diǎn)。

4.D解析寫作意圖題。作者首先簡要介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象，列舉了其危害性，進(jìn)而引出作者

寫作的真實(shí)意圖：厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象是可預(yù)報(bào)、可預(yù)防的，因此政府部門以及有關(guān)人員應(yīng)該積極行動起

來做好災(zāi)害的防范工作。A、B、C三項(xiàng)都屬于以偏概全，以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)代替寫作目的。

(C)

A1,400-year-oldPeruvianmethodofdiverting(□□)watercouldsupplyupto100

millioncubicmetersofwater一^equalto40,000Olympic-sizeswimmingpools*worthof

watertoLimaeachyear,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinNatureSustainability.

It*soneexampleofhowancientmethodscouldsupportexistingmodemonesincountries

withoutenoughwater.

Morethanabillionpeopleacrosstheworldfacewatershortages.Man-madereservoirs

storerainwaterandwateroverflowforuseduringdriertimes.Butreservoirsarecostly,

requireyearstoplanandcanstillfailtomeetwaterneeds.

Peru*scapital,Lima,dependsonwaterfromrivershighintheAndesMountains.It

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inthemountains,thewatersupplyquicklydisappears.Thecitysuffersshortagesof

43millioncubicmetersduringthedryseason.Itsolvesthiswithmodemstructures

suchasman-madereservoirs.Thesereservoirsarenottheonlysolution,however.Over

athousandyearsago,indigenous（本地的）peopledevelopedanotherwaytosolvewater

problems.

BorisOchoa-TocachiisaresearcheratImperialCollegeLondonandleadwriterof

thestudy.Heexploredoneofthelastremainingwater-harvestingsystemsinthesmall

mountaincommunityofHuamantanga,Peru.Thesystemwasdevelopedevenbeforetheancient

Incacivilization.

The1,400-year-oldsystemisdesignedtoincreasethewatersupplyduringthedry

seasonbydivertingandslowingwaterasittravelsdownthemountains.Thisnature-based

methodismadeofspecialcanalsthatguidewaterfromitssourcetoaseriesofwater

bodiesandhillsides.Thewatergoesslowlyintotheground,thenflowsdownhillthrough

thesoilandreappearsinwaterbodiesnearthecommunity.

Theresearchersmeasuredhowmuchthesystemslowedtheflowofwaterbyinjecting

specialdyeinthehighlandsandnotingwhenitreappearedinwaterbodies.Thedyed

waterstartedtosurfacetwoweekslaterandcontinuedflowingforeightmonths一ahuge

improvementoverthehoursordaysitwouldnormallytake.

1.HowmuchwaterdoesanOlympic-sizeswimmingpoolneed?

A.4,000cubicmeters.B.2,500cubicmeters.

C.1,000cubicmeters.D.1,400cubicmeters.

2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheancientwatersystem?

A.ItwasdevelopedduringtheancientIncacivilization.

B.Itisnature-basedandmadeofspecialcanals.

C.ItisthelastwatersystemleftinHuamantanga.

D.ItcansatisfywaterneedsofLimathroughouttheyear.

3DWhatdoestheunderlinedword“this”probablyrefertoinPara.3?

A.Waterresources.B.Watersupply.

C.Watersystem.D.Watershortage.

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.Whichofthefollowingordershowshowtheancient

systemworks?

a.Thewaterflowsdownhillthroughthesoil.

b.Thewatersurfacesinwaterbodies.

c.Thewatergoesslowlyintotheground.

d.Thewaterflowstowaterbodiesandhillsides.

A.d,a,b,cB.b,c,a,d

C.a,b,c,dD.d,c,a,b

參考答案：

1.答案與解析B數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第一段中^upto100millioncubicmetersof

water一equalto40,000OlympicQizeswimmingpools*worthofwater”可知40000個(gè)奧

運(yùn)會規(guī)模的游泳池需要100000000立方米水，由此可知，一個(gè)奧運(yùn)會規(guī)模的游泳池需要的水

是1000000004-40000=2500,故B項(xiàng)正確。

2.B間接信息題。根據(jù)第五段中“ThisnatureBasedmethodismadeofspecialcanals”

可知，這個(gè)古老的水系統(tǒng)是以自然為本的，且由特別的水渠組成，故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.D代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞前一句"Thecitysuffersshortagesof43millioncubic

metersduringthedryseason.,,可知，該城在干旱季節(jié)嚴(yán)重缺水，故this指watershortage,

故選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.D細(xì)節(jié)排序題。根據(jù)第五段提到的水從源頭流到水體，然后滲入地下，再經(jīng)由土壤流下

山，最后出現(xiàn)在社區(qū)的水源中，由此可判斷出選項(xiàng)D正確。

五：話題寫作訓(xùn)練

(A)

最近國內(nèi)外災(zāi)害不斷發(fā)生，這些災(zāi)害引起了我們對于自然所做的行為的再一次思考。

L你是如何看待自然災(zāi)害的？

2.我們應(yīng)該采取哪些措施來盡可能避免這些災(zāi)害和減少損失呢？

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100詞左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考文章