2018英語(yǔ)專四閱讀理解預(yù)讀技巧

2018英語(yǔ)專四閱讀理解預(yù)讀技巧英語(yǔ)專四考試閱讀項(xiàng)目是對(duì)考生在英語(yǔ)閱讀能力方面的檢驗(yàn)，要求學(xué)生在考試中充分展示自己真實(shí)的閱讀水平。所以要想取得好成績(jī)，就需要我們平時(shí)勤學(xué)苦練，從掌握閱讀技巧的基本方法著手，逐步、有效地提高閱讀能力。以下部分將舉例說(shuō)明閱讀時(shí)所涉及的方面。?正式閱讀前的預(yù)讀?要進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)閱讀，必須首先具有一定的詞匯量(包括固定詞組)和語(yǔ)法積累。但是這并不等于閱讀就過(guò)了關(guān);我們還必須掌握一定的閱讀方法或技巧，才能對(duì)原文有更準(zhǔn)確和深刻的理解。特別在閱讀一些不大熟悉的材料時(shí)，閱讀技巧就顯得尤為重要，正式閱讀前的預(yù)讀就是首先應(yīng)該掌握的技巧。?英語(yǔ)專四閱讀理解預(yù)讀技巧?有些學(xué)生不管在平時(shí)還是在考試時(shí)，一拿到文章后，馬上就開(kāi)始仔細(xì)閱讀文章中的每個(gè)句子。因此往往一段讀下來(lái)，還不知該文章的主題。這樣既費(fèi)時(shí)，理解效果也不好。比較可取的方法是:在正式閱讀前，先預(yù)讀一遍，然后再細(xì)讀每個(gè)句子。如果不習(xí)慣通讀全文，或者在考試中時(shí)間不允許，那么至少也應(yīng)該讀其中一段或幾個(gè)句子，然后再逐句細(xì)讀。這樣做的目的是為了了解全文或某一段的大致內(nèi)容，既有利于讀者根據(jù)上下文選擇合適的詞義，分析詞和詞、句和句之間的關(guān)系，也有利于讀者根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容涉及的領(lǐng)域、人物、地理等背景情況，從自己的頭腦里調(diào)用相關(guān)的背景知識(shí)來(lái)幫助理解文章的內(nèi)容，提高閱讀效率。事實(shí)上，通讀和細(xì)讀相結(jié)合本身就是基本閱讀技巧之一。?在正式閱讀一篇文章(尤其是較長(zhǎng)篇幅的文章)之前，以下的步驟能幫助讀者更有效地組織思路、理解原文:仔細(xì)閱讀文章的標(biāo)題(如果有的話);閱讀諸如副標(biāo)題、斜體字、黑體字等內(nèi)容，快速瀏覽圖表、數(shù)字，以便了解主題內(nèi)容和寫(xiě)作目的;閱讀文章的第一段和以后各段的第一和最后一個(gè)句子，因?yàn)樵S多作者常常把他們要表達(dá)的中心大意放在段落的第一句或最后一句里;如果存在一個(gè)結(jié)論性的段落，也應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀。通過(guò)預(yù)讀方式，讀者能基本了解文章的中心大意，語(yǔ)言的難度，以及細(xì)讀時(shí)可能會(huì)遇到的問(wèn)題。預(yù)讀時(shí)還應(yīng)帶著問(wèn)題閱讀，這些問(wèn)題將有助于讀者決定他們細(xì)讀時(shí)所需要的閱讀技巧。下面是一些閱讀問(wèn)題的例子。?1.我是否熟悉文章所涉及的話題??2.文章的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格是文學(xué)性的(literary)，還是事實(shí)性的(factual)??3.對(duì)于這樣的文章，我是否能以較快的閱讀速度來(lái)獲得較好的理解??4.作者的寫(xiě)作目的是什么??5.文章整體的語(yǔ)言難度如何?詞匯是普通詞匯還是專業(yè)詞匯??6.作者通過(guò)這篇文章想告訴我們什么??7.文章能回答哪些主要問(wèn)題??快速預(yù)讀下面一篇文章，時(shí)間控制在一分鐘內(nèi)。在預(yù)讀過(guò)程中可隨手寫(xiě)下幾個(gè)你認(rèn)為完成閱讀本文后可得到答案的問(wèn)題。?ThoseFunnyThingsYourBodyDoes?Gooseflesh,dimples,yawningtheymayseemstrangetoyou,butyourbodyknowswhatitsdoing.?WhatCausesButterfliesintheStomachs??Yourbodyisoftenaroadmapofyouremotionsblushing,gooseflesh,andthatquiveringsensationinyourstomachwhenyourenervousoranxiousareallpsychosomaticreactions.Statesofemotionalexcitabilitybringonmuscularcontractionsthroughoutthebody,resultingingeneralizedtension.Butterfliesinyourstomachismerelyalocalizedtensionstate,causedbymusclespasmsinthestomachandintestines,aswellasanoversecretionofhormonesfromtheadrenalglands.Atthesametime,yourhandsmaygetsweatyandyourheartthump,proofagainoftheinterconnectionbetweenthebodyssystems.?WhyDoesYourHairTurnGray??Scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverthisone.Theyknowthathaircolourisduetotinypigmentgranulesscatteredalongtheinsideofthehairshaft.Theyalsoknowthatthesepigmentsareproducedbycellsnearthehairroot,andaredepositedintheshaftasitforms.Butresearchersstilldontunderstandtheexactchemicalprocessthattakesplaceinthehairbulbandcausesthepigmentcellstostopproducingcolour.Mostpeopledevelopnoticeablegrayhairsbytheirmid?40s,althoughaluckyfewmakeittotheir50swithnochangeincolour.Generally,blondesgraybeforebrunettes.And,contrarytonumerousghoststories,therearenoscientificdatatoshowthathaircanturngrayovernight(althoughrapidgrayingmaybetheresultofdisease).Unfortunately,theprocessisirreversible.Vitaminswontbringbackthatlostcolour,either.WhatIsaDimple?Itsashamethatsuchacharmingfeatureshouldhavesomundaneacause,butherearetheprosaicfacts:Theskinisattachedtomusclesunderneaththesurface,andsomepeoplehaveanextrapointofattachment,usuallyonthecheek.Whenthefacialmusclescontract,theydrawtheskinupatthatpoint,formingadimple.?WhyDoYouGetGooseflesh??Rememberthelasttimeyousteppedoutoftheshowerintoanair?conditionedroom?Achillpassedoveryourbody,leavingyourskinrippledwithlittlebumps.Whathappened?Onceagain,aninstantaneousreactiontookplace,triggeredeitherphysiologicallybythecoldorpsychologicallybyfearorstress.Theautonomicnervoussystemcalledintoactionagroupoftinymuscles,eachofwhichislinkedtooneofthemillionsofhairshaftsalloveryourskinsurface.Whenthesemuscles,medicallyknownastheerectorpili,contract,theylifttheskinandhairattachedtothem.Thisclosesofftheporesandbloodvessels,preventingheatloss.Theresult:gooseflesh.?CanYouReallyBeDoubleJointed??Boastingoftheirprowess,kidswilltrytoimpresstheirfriendsbyperformingsuchastoundingfeatsastwistingtheirthumbsbackwardtowardtheirforearms,orbend?ingtheirfingersintogrotesquepositions.Butdouble?jointednessisamisnomeritstheligaments,notthejoints,thatareresponsibleforthesesupplemovements.Joints(articulations,asthemedicalbookssay)arethemoochfibroussheathsattheendofeverybone.Linedwithcartilageandlubricatedbythestickyfluidcontainedinsmallsacsknownasbursas,jointsduetotheiruniqueconstructionpermitacertainamountofmovementbutalsorestrainusfrommovinginwaysthatmaycauseinjury.Ligaments,toughbutflexibleropesoffibroustissue,holdthejointstogetherandthussupporttheskeletalsystem.Becauseoftheirconstruction,somepeoplesligamentsstretchmorethanothers,allowingfortheincreasedagilitythatwehavecometocalldoublejointedness.?WhyDoWeYawn??Didyouevernoticethatwhenyoureexhausted,drowsy,orsimplybored,yourbreathingbecomesshallow?Actually,yourrateofrespirationslows,too.Undernormalcircumstances,mostpeopleinhaleandexhale12-24timesaminute,bringingin9-12pintsofair.Butthisratecandropaslowas7or8timesperminute,asitdoesduringsleep,forexample.Althoughmostpeoplethinkcarbondioxideisthebadguyintermsofnormalizingrespiration(oxygenbeingthegoodguy)itisactuallytheincreasedamountofcarbondioxideinthebloodstreamthatbringsourrespirationratebackuptonormalwhenitstartstoslide.Nervecellsintherespiratorycentre(inthebrainstemjustabovethespinalcord)arehighlysensitivetocarbondioxide.Whenthereistoomuchofitintheblood,thecentresignalsthelungsorrespiratorymusclestobreathedeeperandfaster.Atthesametime,theautonomicnervoussystem(whichcontrolsinternalorgans,muscles,andnerveswithoutyourrealizingit)signalsthefacialm