考點(diǎn)22 閱讀理解記敘文（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)幫（新高考）

考點(diǎn)22閱讀理解記敘文（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.高考真題考點(diǎn)分布年份卷次主題語(yǔ)境字?jǐn)?shù)題型分類細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞義猜測(cè)2024年2024·新高考I卷人與社會(huì)：美國(guó)獸醫(yī)采用針灸技術(shù)治療動(dòng)物296+12703102024·新高考II卷//////2024·全國(guó)甲卷//////2024·北京卷人與自我：作者重拾畫油畫的信心并接受了自身局限性354+9913002024·浙江卷1月卷人與社會(huì)：感受電話亭變遷3382023·新高考I卷人與自然：生態(tài)機(jī)器凈化污水340新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會(huì)：UrbanSprouts花園項(xiàng)目幫助學(xué)生通過(guò)體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活。273+1261212023·全國(guó)甲卷人與自然：DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能277全國(guó)乙卷人與社會(huì)：風(fēng)景攝影師312北京卷人與自我：作者職業(yè)成功的經(jīng)歷350天津卷第二次人與自我：成為了社區(qū)管弦樂(lè)團(tuán)的首席434+19831102023·浙江卷1月卷人與社會(huì)：在家庭中過(guò)零浪費(fèi)的生活方式3502022·新高考I卷//////2022·新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會(huì)：孫子把兒童讀物當(dāng)成平板電腦326全國(guó)甲卷人與社會(huì)：GinniBalinton往南極洲的旅程305+11821012022·全國(guó)乙卷//////2022·北京卷人與社會(huì)：參加保護(hù)自然活動(dòng)治愈好了焦慮348+12431002022·天津卷人與自我：獲得自尊就要首先學(xué)會(huì)接受自己本來(lái)的面目410+18722102.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】縱觀近三年高考試卷，通常一套卷有一篇記敘文，設(shè)題主要集中在細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。所選的記敘文多以第一人稱或第三人稱為主，講述一個(gè)短小精悍、有教育意義的故事，有時(shí)也會(huì)選用生活中的軼聞趣事。所講述的故事題材豐富多樣、富有生活氣息，多按時(shí)間順序敘述，偶爾也會(huì)有倒敘或插敘的情形。從語(yǔ)言與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)上看，英語(yǔ)記敘文以描寫敘述為主，主要描寫人物、事件、地點(diǎn)或過(guò)程。其特點(diǎn)是：主題往往隱藏在字里行間，沒有直接地表達(dá)出來(lái)；文章主旨要通過(guò)人物、事件來(lái)進(jìn)行提煉；文章大多按時(shí)間跨度、空間順序、上下順序來(lái)展開。閱讀記敘文應(yīng)采取略讀和掃讀的方法，快速抓住文中描寫的主要內(nèi)容，從整體上把握文章的連貫性，進(jìn)而大體上揣測(cè)出作者的寫作意圖及文章的情感主線。從命題上看，記敘文閱讀理解以細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主，以觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、寫作意圖題、詞義猜測(cè)題和代詞指代題為輔，難度總體上屬于中等程度。記敘文閱讀理解題要求考生能理清記敘的順序與所講故事的情節(jié)，能準(zhǔn)確把握人物的情感態(tài)度和作者的寫作目的?！緜淇疾呗浴吭谧鲩喿x理解題時(shí)，首先要通讀全文，弄清六要素和記敘的順序，特別要注意文章中提到的多個(gè)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和人物，理清事件的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果；然后閱讀題干，在文章中查找相關(guān)的信息；最后根據(jù)查找到的相關(guān)信息作出正確的選擇。如果文中所涉及的人物較多，還要弄清人物之間的關(guān)系。一般故事性記敘文，通讀全文，了解故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、高潮和結(jié)局；寓言哲理類記敘文，要理解故事所蘊(yùn)含的哲理意義，尤其關(guān)注故事結(jié)尾的升華；逸聞趣事，人物傳記類記敘文，要體會(huì)對(duì)話的風(fēng)格，感受故事的精髓?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，預(yù)測(cè)2025年高考記敘文閱讀理解試題難度會(huì)保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，但會(huì)繼續(xù)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題主旨大意題和詞義猜測(cè)題等題型?！颈貍浠A(chǔ)知識(shí)】一、【題型解讀】記敘文類文章描述的是一件具體事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局，通常有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)為主線敘述的，在敘述的過(guò)程中有詳有略；有些文章是按時(shí)間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。從總體上來(lái)講，文章的難度通常不大，在閱讀過(guò)程中，我們一直在某個(gè)線索的引導(dǎo)下，隨著作者的思路去了解一個(gè)故事或一件事情的始末，因此會(huì)感到比較輕松。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀此類文章應(yīng)特別注意：若是一般故事性文章，應(yīng)讀懂故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、高潮和結(jié)局；若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蘊(yùn)含的哲理意義；（3）若是＂逸聞趣事＂，應(yīng)體會(huì)對(duì)話的風(fēng)趣性，進(jìn)而才能感受幽默的精髓。（1）文體和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：英語(yǔ)記敘文以描寫敘述為主，主要描寫人物、事件、地點(diǎn)或過(guò)程。其特點(diǎn)是：主題往往隱藏在字里行間，沒有直接地表達(dá)出來(lái)；文章主旨要通過(guò)任務(wù)事件來(lái)提煉。文章大多數(shù)按照時(shí)間順序、空間順序、事情發(fā)展順序來(lái)展開。（2）閱讀策略：A.首先要通讀全文，弄清六要素和記敘的順序，特別要注意文章中所提到的多個(gè)事件、地點(diǎn)和人物，理清事件的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果；B.然后閱讀題干，在文章中查找相關(guān)的信息；C.最后根據(jù)查找到的相關(guān)信息做出正確的選擇。如果文中所涉及的人物較多，還要弄清人物之間的關(guān)系?！菊Z(yǔ)篇特點(diǎn)】?jī)?nèi)容上，記敘文應(yīng)該包括六要素，即：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果?？梢园词录l(fā)生的時(shí)間順序?qū)?，也可以按事件發(fā)生的先后寫。命題上，主要集中在多個(gè)事件的先后順序與人物的情感態(tài)度上。選材上，新穎、生動(dòng)、真實(shí)、典型的素材描寫，讓讀者有身臨其境的感覺。形式上，順敘、倒敘、插敘。語(yǔ)言上，一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主，各種時(shí)態(tài)為輔，合理使用豐富多彩的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)記敘文首要的語(yǔ)言特征；多用動(dòng)詞，尤其是動(dòng)態(tài)強(qiáng)的行為動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)記敘文又一個(gè)明顯的語(yǔ)言特征。二、【寫作意圖】1.講述故事(tell/narrate/relateastory)2.分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)(shareanexperience)3.紀(jì)念人物(rememberaperson)4.闡明道理(communicateanidea/conveyamessage)01記敘文中的細(xì)節(jié)理解題【題型解讀】常見的命題方式通常有：1.特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問(wèn)詞開頭引出的問(wèn)題；2.以Accordingto…開頭提問(wèn)方式；3.少數(shù)試題以填空題的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.eq\a\vs4\al([正確選項(xiàng)特征])1．同義替換。替換關(guān)鍵詞，如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork；變換詞性，如把important變換成ofimportance；改變語(yǔ)態(tài)，如主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2．信息歸納。用精練的語(yǔ)言來(lái)概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案。3．正話反說(shuō)。把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。eq\a\vs4\al([干擾選項(xiàng)特征])1．張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。2．無(wú)中生有。符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。3．曲解文義。與原文極其相似，在細(xì)節(jié)處有變動(dòng)。4．顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至相反。5．正誤參半。部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。【解題技巧】（1）劃出題干，選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞；（2）回憶文章結(jié)構(gòu)，定位具體段落；（3）理解細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，最后找出答案；注意：記敘文細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)的特征一定是：①核心詞，原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)/同義詞、近義詞替換；②語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化【2023年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.OvertheyearsJohnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.7.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.（2024·安徽合肥·三模）Atthebeginningofgraduateschool,IknewthatifIwantedtogettenure(長(zhǎng)期聘用),Ihadtobeproductive.However,whenmyfirstthreepaperswererejectedbymajorjournals,aleadingexperttoldmemyprojectswerehopeless,andIwonderedifIshoulddropout.Weallgetrejectedatwork,whetherit’shavingoursuggestionsshotdownorgettingfiredfromajob.Itcausespain.Neuroscientists(神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家)havescannedthebrainsofpeoplewhohavecruellybeenexcludedfromanonlinegame.Thephysiological(生理學(xué)的)responselooksfairlysimilartoprocessingphysicalpain.Apparently,thiswasadaptiveinourevolutionarypast.Ifrejectiondidn’thurt,youmighthavebeenperfectlycomfortableleavingyourtribe,whichwouldnotbegoodforyoursurvival.Butit’sleftusnervousandlikelytooverreacttoeverydayrejections.Ifyou’veevergivenapresentationandfeltupsetbytheoneunfriendlyfaceinaroomfullofsmiles,youknowwhatImean.That’sthebadnews.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanlearntoacceptrejectioncalmly.“Whenyou’reinsecureinone,yourelyontheotheronethat’sdoingbetteratthattime.Pliability(柔韌性)isthedefinitionofstrength,”saidfilmmakerM.NightShyamalan.Whenmyworkgotrejectedearlyinmyacademiccareer,pliabilitybecamemysourceofstrength.Myidentityasaresearcherwasunderthreat,butthatwasn’twhathaddrawnmetograduateschoolinthefirstplace.Ihadanother,strongeridentity:Iwantedtobeateacher.However,Ihadn’thadthechance:Thefirsttwoyearsofmyprogramweresupposedtofocusentirelyonresearch.IrealizedthatifIwantedtobouncebackfromtheresearchrejections,Ihadtofindawaytoteach.Iconvincedanadvisertosignoffonindependentstudyprojectsforagroupofstudents,andIstartedmeetingwiththemweeklytoteachmyownlittleclass.Theconversationswiththestudentsgaverisetomyfirsttwomajorpapers,whichgavemeaheadstarttowardtenure.4．Whatwastheauthor’sreactiontotheleadingexpert’swords?A．Hetookhisadvice. B．Hefeltdiscouraged.C．Hepaidnoattention. D．Heconsultedanotherexpert.5．Whathaveneuroscientistsfoundout?A．Rejectionreallyhurts.B．Rejectionisimportanttosurvival.C．Peopletendtooverreacttorejection.D．Physicalpaingrowsbecauseofrejection.6．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodowhenfacingrejection?A．Findoutthereasonsbehindit.B．Forgivethosewhorejectus.C．Turntoourstrongeridentity.D．Learnalessonfrompastfailures.7．Whathappenedtotheauthoratlast?A．Heleftgraduateschool.B．Heturnedintoamiddleschoolteacher.C．Heworkedonpracticinghisphysicalpliability.D．Heaccomplishedsomeresearchworksuccessfully.02記敘文中的推理判斷題【題型解讀】記敘文中推理判斷題常常是人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)等推斷題隱含推斷題的題干一般為以下幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(表明，暗示)；suggest(建議)；conclude(得出結(jié)論)；assume(假定，設(shè)想)；imply(暗示)。隱含推斷題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息借助語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行推理判斷，需要考生把握文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，才能得出準(zhǔn)確的判斷，切忌主觀臆斷、無(wú)中生有或文章原句復(fù)現(xiàn)。【設(shè)問(wèn)方式】1.Whatcanweinferfrom...?/Whatcanbeinferredabout...?2.Whatcanwelearnabout...?/Whatdoweknowabout...?3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?【解題技巧】高考閱讀測(cè)試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語(yǔ)氣、言談話語(yǔ)中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類題時(shí)一定注意：（1）由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。（2）特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語(yǔ)言，以及表達(dá)感情，態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。（3）能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)?！?024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷B篇片段】“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.24.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A.He’sodd.B.He’sstrict.C.He’sbrave.D.He’srude.Passage1（2024·湖南懷化·一模）DuetothefactthattheaveragelifeexpectancyinGhanais64yearsold,andthemostcommoncausesofdeatharelargelytreatableconditions,suchasmalaria,stroke,andrespiratoryinfections.Boateng,growingupinasmallvillageinsouthernGhana/strugglingtoaccessbasichealthcare,feltanurgentcalltohelpanddecidedhewouldmakeithislife’smissiontobringhealthcaretoremotecommunitiesinGhana.Boatengworkedhardinschool,gettingascholarshiptostudybiologyatCornellUniversityintheUS,andultimatelyearnedhismaster’sinHealthcareAdministration.Laterhestartedhisnonprofit,OKBHopeFoundation,andconvertedavanintoamobiledoctor’sofficecalledtheHopeHealthVantobringhealthcaredirectlytothoseinneedin2021.Afewtimesaweek,themobileclinicandmedicalteamtravellongdistancestoremotecommunitiesinGhanaandprovidefreeroutinemedicalcare.Oneachtrip,Boateng’steamconsistsofanurse,aphysician’sassistant,adoctor,andanoperationassistant.Inthevan,theycanrunbasiclabslikebloodworkandurinalysisaswellasprescribeandprovidemedications.“It’slikeaone-stopshopforpeople,”saidBoateng,addingthatmostofthepeopletheyseehaveonehealthissueoranother.Sinceitslaunch,BoatengsaystheHopeHealthVanhasservedmorethan4,000Ghanaiansacrossmorethan45ruralcommunitieswhootherwisedon’thaveeasilyaccessiblemedicalcare.Tosupplementthemobileclinic,Boateng’sorganizationhasalsotrained20volunteerstoserveaslocalhealthadvocates.Theycheckpeople’svitalsandprovidethemedicalteamwithtimelydataforassessinghowtomoveforwardwithcareandtreatment,especiallyforthosewhosehealthisatrisk.Inthefuture,Boatenghopestoexpandtoprovidemoreconsistentandhigh-qualitymedicalcarenotonlytothoselivinginremoteareasofGhanabutinothercountriesaswell.“Ibelievethatourmodelcanbereplicatedinsub-SaharanAfrica,”hesaid.4．WhatinspiredBoatengtosethislifegoal?A．Hewantedtogetascholarship.B．Manylocalsdiedofdeadlydiseases.C．Thebirthplaceofhimwassmallandpoor.D．Basichealthcarewasinaccessibleforlocals.5．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．HowBoateng’steamfunctions. B．WhyBoateng’steamwasfounded.C．WhatBoateng’steamhasachieved. D．WhereBoateng’steamhastravelled.6．WhatisBoateng’sattitudetohisteaminthefuture?A．Ambiguous. B．Ambitious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AvanbringingmedicalcaretothousandsB．AcountrylackingbasichealthcareC．EffortstoprovidepeoplewithmedicationsD．MobilevanstravellingthroughGhana03記敘文中的主旨大意題【題型解讀】主旨大意題既考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力,又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,難度較大。不僅考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意的能力，也對(duì)考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù)，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進(jìn)行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。命題方式：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?What'sthefirst/second/thirdparagraphmainlyabout?What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/..paragraph?【解題技巧】記敘文主旨概括題的破題方法：（1）首段法：首段主旨句；轉(zhuǎn)折詞后；破折號(hào)后（2）核心名詞法：核心名詞在文章中高頻出現(xiàn)?？墒恰霸~”或“同義詞”不斷曝光。（3）合并法：整合各段落大意，整合各段落首段信息（4）首位呼應(yīng)法：整合首段和尾端信息【2023年新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker. B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant. D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.5.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher. B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork. D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching. B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardens B.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLovers D.ChangingLocalLandscape（2024·浙江嘉興·二模）Ihavealwaysbeenproudofmyhandwriting,askillIwastaughtingradeschool.TheteacherwasteachingusthePalmerPenmanshipMethod,drillingintoustheimportanceofformingbigflowinglineswhenwewroteg’sands’saswellasbeautifulf’sthatinmymindwerelikefairytaleprincesseswearingfancyhatswhileextendingtheirrightfoot.Wewerestrictlyprohibitedfromusingblocklettersonourhomework,astheylackthebeauty.Nowitbecomesapparentthatyoungpeoplenolongerlearncursive(草書).Theytypeeverything,mostlyontheirphones.Beautifulhandwritingisathingofthepast.Thishasbecomeasourceofgreatsadnessamongtraditionalists.Butrecentlysomethinghappenedthatshookmyfaithincursive.Tomycompletedisbelief,notonebuttwoofmyclosefriendscomplainedaboutthehandwritingonmypostcards.TheyweregratefulforthebeautifulpostcardsIregularlysent,buttheysaidtheyhonestlycouldn'treadathingIhadwritten.OnefriendwentsofarastoaskifIcoulduseblocklettersnexttimesothatshecouldunderstandwhatIwaswriting.Initially,Iwasangry.IhadmadetheefforttocoveranentirepostcardwithwhatIviewedasnotjusthandwritingbutcalligraphy.ButthenIshowedanEnglishfriendapostcardI'djustwritten,andhesaidthattheonlythingthatwasreadilyunderstandablewastheletters“U.S.A．”Therestofit,hepolitelysuggested,lookedlike“chickenscrawl”.Lookingatthepostcarddispassionately,Iunwillinglyadmitthathehasapoint.Allthem’sandn’sruntogether,andthel’slooklikel’s.Thea’sareindistinguishablefromtheq’s.So,fromnowon,I'mtakingtheiradviceandusingblockletterstocommunicate.Infact,Ijustnowsentanoldfriendapostcard.Butthistime,Isimplywrote—inbigblockletters:DEARALICE:HI.JOE.Ihopeshegetsthemessage.4．WhatdoweknowaboutthePalmerPenmanshipMethod?A．Itischaracterizedbybigflowinglines. B．Itisrarelyappreciatedbytraditionalists.C．Itwasnotallowedinstudents'homework. D．Itisviewedasatrendinhandwritingstyles.5．Whatweakenedthewriter’sbeliefincursive?A．Thepopularityofblocklettersinrecenttimes.B．Theyoungergeneration’sdisinterestincursive.C．Hisfriends’failuretocomprehendhispostcards.D．HisEnglishfriend'ssuggestiononpostcarddesign.6．Whydidthewriterswitchtoblocklettersforcommunication?A．Todeliverhismessageclearly. B．Toimprovehishandwritingskills.C．Towinpraisefromhisfriends. D．Toshowhispassionforcalligraphy.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thewideuseofcursive. B．Thesaddeclineofcursive.C．Thevalueofpreservingcursive. D．Thetechniqueofwritingincursive.（最新模擬試題演練）Passage1（2024·湖北·一模）Tomisanexpertfromaroboticscompanywhocancommunicatesmoothlywithpeoplethroughcomputers,phones,andothermeans.However,whenfacingthecrowdonsite,hewillfeeluneasy.HisbossarrangedforTomtoshowcasetotheaudiencetheinnovativeworktheircompanyisdoing.Inresponsetotheboss’trustinhim,Tombravelybeganpreparingforthismatter.Oneday,whilewatchingTV,hehappenedtoseeaprogramwheretheventriloquist(腹語(yǔ)術(shù)者)Arthurinteractedwiththeaudiencethroughadummy(假人)toconveyinformation.Thisgavehiminspiration.Thenextday,hediscussedhisideawithhiscolleaguesinthecompanyandeveryonesupportedhisplan.Onthedayoftheexhibition,theyarrivedatthesceneearlyandpreparedeverything,althoughTomwasstillabitnervous.Themuch-anticipatedpresentationstarted.Thepresenterbeganwithalight-heartedjokeandthenproceededtosharesomeinterestingfactsaboutRealityRoboticsCompanybeforerevealingtheinnovativeworkthecompanywasundertaking.Throughoutthepresentation,therewerenopausesorinstancesofTom’sdreadedphrase:“butwhatIreallymeanttosaywas.”Theaudiencewasimpressedbytheinnovativeproductthepresenterdescribedandhopedforademonstrationtoseehoweffectivethenewinventionwas.Asthepresentationdrewtoaclose,thepresentersaidcalmlyandconfidently,“AndnowIwouldliketosharethisstagewiththemanwhoinventedme.”Tomwalkedontothestage,lookingexactlylikethepresenter.The“identicaltwins”tooktheaudiencebysurprise.Tomthenspokeslowly,“Whatyouhavejustwitnessedisademonstrationofthelatestinventionfromthecompany—apresentationrobot.”Suddenlyitallclickedandtheaudienceeruptedincheers.Tomthenexplainedhowthecompanycreatedsucharobotandprogrammedittospeak.“Asyoucouldseeandhear,ithadtheconfidenceIcouldneverexhibitinsuchapresentation.Wecanmodelitintoanexactcopyofyou.”Theaudiencegotexcitedattheprospect.Thebosssmiledapprovingly.MaybeTomdeservedapromotion,hethought.1．What’sTom’sproblem?A．Hetendedtogetnervouseasily.B．Hefailedtowinhisboss’recognition.C．Howasnotconfidenttospeakinfrontofthepublic.D．Hecan’tcommunicatewithpeopleinhisdailylife.2．Whatdoweknowaboutthepresenter?A．Hewasquiteserious.B．Hedidn’tliveuptoTom’sexpectations.C．HewasinspiredbythedummythatArthurworkedwith.D．Thoughconfident,hewasabitnervousgivingthepresentation.3．WhatdoesTom’scompanydo?A．Itcreatesinnovativerobots. B．Ithelpspresentnewideas.C．Itadvertisesnewproducts. D．Itproducesventriloquist’sdummies.4．Whatmainlycontributestothepresentation’ssuccess?A．Luckandhumor. B．Teamworkandcreativity.C．Cautionandresponsibility. D．Courageandfriendliness.Passage2（23-24高二下·山東菏澤·期中）Iknownexttonothingaboutbaseball.WhenintherightfieldduringP.E.asaboy,Iprayedtheballwouldn’tcometome.Ittookamiracle(奇跡)formetocatchit.YetIlaterbecamethefatheroftwoboys,WillandTim(8and5),whowerebothinterestedinbaseball.OnSaturdaymornings,I’dtakeWillouttotheplaygroundandplaycatchwithhim.Thankstomyweakarm,theballdroppedbeforehecouldcatchit.Aftermanymissesoneday,hesaid,“HowamIevergoingtomakethemajorleagues?”“Yougotthewrongdad,kid,”Ithought.Baseballisn’tmything.Still,Iwantedtogivemykidsconfidenceonthefield.TherewasanofficialLittleLeagueinourarea,butitwassuper-competitiveandprimarilytargetedolderboys.Whatifwehadsomethingmorelow-key,somethingthatwelcomedboysandgirls,andyoungerones?Isharedtheideawithsomeneighbors.“Thatwouldbegreat!”theysaid.Nowwhocouldorganizesuchathing?Notme.Itriedtoputtheideaaside,butitwouldn’tleaveme.IfinallydecidedthatImustdosomethingaboutit.SoIcalledthecity’srecreationdepartment,explainingthatsomefamilieswantedtostartabaseballleagueinourneighborhood.Werethereanyfieldsforthat?Theybouncedmearound.Finally,Ispoketotheofficialincharge.Igotbutterfliesinmystomach.Whatifhesaidno?“Yes,wehavesomethingforyou,”themansaid,hearingmyrequest.WegottwofieldsforfourhourseverySundaymorning.Ourleaguewasfounded.Whatajoyitwastositonthebenches,watchingWillandTimplayingbaseball!HowgratefulIwasforotherparentswhodidthecoaching!AndIbecamethemostunlikelybaseballcommissioner(專員)ever.Manyyearshavepassed.NowWillandTimarenewdads,andIcan’twaittoseewhatthey’llhavetodo.Iknowbetterthananyone:Parenthoodcallsyoutodothemostunlikelythings.5．WhydidtheauthorthinkhissonWillgotthewrongfather?A．Helackedconfidence. B．Hehadpoorbaseballskills.C．Hehadlittleenergyortime. D．Hedidn’tknowWill’sdream.6．Whatspecialfeaturedidtheauthorexpectthebaseballleaguehad?A．Beingeasytojoin. B．Havingitsownfields.C．Focusingontrainingkids. D．Havingprofessionalcoaches.7．Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelwhiletalkingtotheofficial?A．Confident. B．Peaceful. C．Nervous. D．Hesitant.8．Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressinthetext?A．Theneedtochallengeoneself.B．Thegreatnessofparentallove.C．Theresponsibilityofparenthood.D．Theroleofsportsinkids’growth.Passage3（2024·江西·一模）OneofChina’sfirstfemalesea-rescuepilotslooksbackinprideat300-plusmissionsandpromisestosavemorelives.Whentheperfectstormbrews(醞釀)overtheboundlessseaandlivesareindanger,acrewofhighlytrainedprofessionalsembarksonamissionimpossibletosearchforandrescuesurvivorsfromtheroughwaters.WanQiuwenisoneofthem.And,she’sawoman.The36-year-oldfromShanghaihasbrokentheglassceilingtobecomeoneofChina’sfirsttwofemalerescuehelicopterpilotswhorespondtosearchandrescuemissionsinvolvingcargoshipsnags(貨船遇險(xiǎn)),vesselaccidents,medicalemergenciesandspecialmarineoperations.Thedemandingnatureoftheprofessionhadalwaysfavoredmalecandidatesuntiltheruleswerechangedforthefirstandonlytime.Shesays,“Rescueatseacanbebothchallengingandterrifying.Ifyoudon’tthinkandactfast,peoplemaydie.”O(jiān)nAug20,2020,anoiltankerferrying3,000metrictonsofgasolinecollidedwithacargoshiploadedwithsandandgravelabout1.5nauticalmiles(2,778meters)southeastoftheYangtzeRiverestuary,sparkingafireonthedeckoftheoiltankerandcausingthelattertosink.Wanwasamongthefirstrespondents.SheflewtothesitefromGaodonghelicopterairport,whichisthecountry’sfirst-of-its-kindmarinerescuelaunchpad(發(fā)射臺(tái)).“Thetankerwasstillburningandtherewasathickenvelopeofsmoke,reducingvisibilitytonearzero.”sherecalls.Andyet,withherseawisdom,Wanspottedasurvivorandexecutedasuccessfulrescueoperation.Shehoveredabovethetroubledwatersforacoupleofminutestoestimatethebestextractionpoint,andthenthrewdownaropeandpulledupaseriouslyinjuredcrewmember.Now,amotherofaboy,whenpeopleaskherifshewillcontinuetoflyonceherchildgrowsup,Wan’sresponseisaffirmative.“ThisprofessionisaboutsavinglivesandIamarescuepilot,onceandalways.”9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“brokentheglassceiling”probablymean?A．Winningwidepraise. B．Makingapersonalbreakthrough.C．Disobeyingrulesofhercareer. D．Breakingbarrierspreventingwomen’sadvancement.10．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeWanQiuwen?A．CourageousandCreative. B．ProfessionalandDetermined.C．ConservativeandHardworking. D．ResponsibleandSelf-disciplined.11．WhatcanbelearnedfromtheaccidenthappeningonAugust20,2020?A．ItisvisibleforWantoseeclearlythesitefromthesky.B．Boththeoiltankerandthecargoshipsankaftercollision.C．Duringtherescue,Wan