考點(diǎn)03代詞的基本用法-2023年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)（原卷版）

考點(diǎn)03代詞的基本用法代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞，按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞。考向一、代詞的概念代詞是代替名詞或一句話的一種詞類?？枷蚨?、代詞的分類英語(yǔ)中代詞分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。考向三、代詞的用法1.人稱代詞：人稱代詞是指人的代詞，有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示“我”“你”“他”“我們”“你們”“他們”。數(shù)格人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱wemeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit(1)人稱代詞主格在句中作主語(yǔ)。例如：SheismyEnglishteacher.(2)賓格在句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如：Theydon’twantmetogotherealone.Don’tworry.Icanlookafterher.(3)英語(yǔ)里當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是并列的幾個(gè)人時(shí)，人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語(yǔ)不同，I在最后，you在最前；但是，當(dāng)受到批評(píng)或時(shí)承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。例如：You,heandIareallthewinners.I,Lileiandyouarewrong.Weshoulddomorefortheproject.【即學(xué)即練】Iboughtapresentfor________.Ihopeyoulike________.A.your;this B.yours;that C.you;it D.you;one2．物主代詞：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。詞義類型我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他/她/它們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs(1)形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語(yǔ)，后面跟名詞。例如：Tooursurprise,hehaspassedtheexam.(2)名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征，在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。例如：MayIuseyourbike?Mineisatschool.(作主語(yǔ))Whoseglassesarethese?Theyarehers.(作表語(yǔ))Mydictionaryislost.CanIuseyours?(作賓語(yǔ))(3)名詞性物主代詞可以與of連用，作定語(yǔ)。例如：Afriendofoursarewaitingforus.【即學(xué)即練】Mostparentsthinkthatitisthehappiestthingtospendtimewith________children.A.his B.our C.your D.their3．反身代詞：用來(lái)表示“某人自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示：我(們)自己你(們)自己他/她/它自己/他們自己?jiǎn)螖?shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves(1)反身代詞在句中常用賓語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。例如：Hersisteristooyoungtodressherself.(作賓語(yǔ))Hehimselfisalwaysmakingsuchmistakes.(主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))You’dbetteraskyourwifeherself.(賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))(2)反身代詞可與其他詞構(gòu)成固定搭配，例如：makeoneselfathometeachoneselflearnbyoneselfhelponeselftodressoneselfetooneselfdevoteoneselftodoing/sth.byoneself【即學(xué)即練】—Takecarewhilewalkingalongthewethillpath（小徑）.Youmayfallandhurt________.—OK.Thanksforremindingme.A.it B.you C.yourself D.yourselves4．指示代詞：表示時(shí)間和空間遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的代詞叫指示代詞。見(jiàn)下表這，這個(gè)那，那個(gè)這些那些thisthatthesethose指示代詞可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。例如：Thosearemyparents.(作主語(yǔ))Throwitlikethat.(作表語(yǔ))ThetoyslittleTomlikesarethoseinthebasket.(作表語(yǔ))Thesepicturesaredrawnbyanoldblindman.(作定語(yǔ))注意：（1）前面剛剛提到過(guò)的東西，常用that,those表示。例如：I’msorrytohearthat.(2)下文將要提到的事情，可用these,this表示，起啟下的作用。例如：Tellthechildrentodolikethis:knockthestickintotheearthfirst,thentiethetreetoit.【即學(xué)即練】Thetwinsaresoalikethateventheirfatherfinds________hardtotellthemfromeachother.A.it B.him C.them5．疑問(wèn)代詞：用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句的代詞叫疑問(wèn)代詞。常用的有：who,what,which,whose,whom，在句中常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)：Whatmakeyousohappy?作賓語(yǔ)：Who/Whomisyourmanagertalkingwith?在口語(yǔ)中，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)who和whom可以通用，但在介詞后面只能用whom.例如：Aboutwhomtheyaretalkingjustnow?作定語(yǔ)：Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest?作表語(yǔ)：What’syourmother.【即學(xué)即練】．—________issingingoverthere?—Mysister.Shelikessinging.A．How B．Who C．What D．When6．相互代詞：用于表示相互關(guān)系的代詞。常用的有：eachother,oneanother.相互代詞可以作賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。例如：Weshouldhelpeachother.Thevillagershavelookedafteroneanothertheseyear.相互代詞后可以加’s,表示所有關(guān)系。例如：Weputthepresentsineachother’sstocking.7．連接代詞：用來(lái)連接賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有：what,which,who,whomwhose,that例如：Iknowwhathesaidatthemeeting.Theproblemiswhowillmendit.Couldyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepostoffice?8.不定代詞：不定代詞沒(méi)有確定的對(duì)象，常用的有：all,each,every,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many，much,other,another,someany,no以及由some,no,any,every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞。不定代詞通?？梢宰鲋髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，而none及含有some,anevery的合成代詞不能做定語(yǔ)，no和every只能做定語(yǔ)。9.代詞many,few,afew修飾可數(shù)名詞，much,little,alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both,either,neither,each用于指兩者，all,any,none,every,another用于指三者或三者以上。10.it的用法指代事物。Itisacar.指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、距離、金錢(qián)、天氣等。例如：Threethousandkilometersisalongdistance.指代身份不明的人。例如：Whoisknockingatthedoor?ItmaybeMr.Wang.作形式主語(yǔ)。例如：Itisnoteasyforparentstobringupchildren.作形式賓語(yǔ)。例如：Hefounditdifficulttobreatheathighaltitudes.it常見(jiàn)句型。(1)Itdoesn’tmatter…Itdoesn’tmatterwhathesays.他說(shuō)什么都沒(méi)關(guān)系。(2)Itappears/seems/happens/saysthat…Itseemsthatheisalwayscorrect.他好像總是對(duì)的。(3)Itissaid/reported/believed/understoodthat…ItissaidthathehasjoinedtheParty.據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)入黨了。(4)Itisawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.It’sawasteoftimeyourtalkingtohim.你和他談是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。(5)Itisnowonderthat…

It’snowonderheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.難怪他不餓，他整天在吃糖果。(6)ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Ittookmenearlyanhourtoworkouttheproblem.花了我差不多一個(gè)鐘才做出那道題.(7)It’sone’sturntodosth.It’smyturntocleantheclassroom.是輪到我打掃教室的了。1．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Theyarguedamong________andfinallydrewaconclusion.A．them B．their C．theirs D．themselves2．（2022·上海嘉定·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Mr.Hillhastwodaughters.Heoftentakes________totheparkatweekends.A．him B．them C．she D．her3．（2022·上海普陀·二模）Ididn’thaveanumbrella.Alicegaveme________.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself4．（2022·上海浦東新·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）CanyouimaginewhatwillhappenifAIrobotscandomostof________jobs?A．our B．we C．us D．ours5．（2022·上海奉賢·九年級(jí)期中）Whenstudentswerelearningindustrialtechniques(學(xué)工),theyfoundthattheyknewverylittleabout________work.A．they B．their C．them D．theirs6．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Threeastronautstaught________somethinginterestingaboutscienceinChinaSpaceStation.A．we B．us C．our D．ourselves7．（2022·上海閔行·二模）HeismyfavouritebasketballstarandIlike________verymuch.A．he B．him C．his D．himself8．（2022·上海金山·二模）Aftertheastronautscamebackfromspace,manyreportersinterviewed________.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves9．（2022·上海崇明·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thelittleboyhidhimselfbehindthedoor.Nowondernobodycouldfind________.A．he B．him C．his D．himself10．（2022·上海黃浦·二模）Theflybeat________wingsfuriouslyinordertoescapefromthenet.A．it B．it’s C．its D．itself11．（2022·上海虹口·二模）Quitealotofchildrenrarelycontrol________whentheyareveryangry.A．their B．them C．theirs D．themselves12．（2022·上海靜安·二模）Theboywasoldenoughtotaketheundergroundby________.A．he B．him C．his D．himself13．（2022·上海嘉定·二模）Hiswordsdon’tseemsurprising,_________?A．doeshe B．isn’the C．dothey D．a(chǎn)ren’tthey14．（2022·上海浦東新·二模）Theinternethasmade________lifemorecolorfulandconvenient.A．we B．us C．our D．ours15．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Tommy,I’velost________bicycle.CanIuseyours?—Sure.A．I B．me C．my D．mine16．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Thedoctorsandnursesaretrying________besttosavethepatients’life.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves17．（2021·上海市民辦新復(fù)興初級(jí)中學(xué)九年級(jí)期中）Idon’tknow_______ofthesepeople,fortheyareallnewstaffhere.A．a(chǎn)ny B．some C．one D．either18．（2021·上海松江·二模）Sometimes,Maryfeelslonelybecausethere’s_________shecantalkto.A．nobody B．somebody C．a(chǎn)nybody D．everybody19．（2022·上海松江·二模）Ihavedecidedtobuyaflatof________ownsothatIcanhavemyspace.A．my B．mine C．myself D．me20．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Throughart,Matthewfoundanewwaytoexpress_________.A．he B．his C．him D．himself21．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Thestaffhadbetterrelax________aftertheopeningceremony.A．they B．them C．their D．themselves22．（2022·上海奉賢·九年級(jí)期中）Onlyoneisred;_______areblue.A．others B．theother C．theothers D．a(chǎn)nother23．（2022·上海楊浦·二模）Thetaskisn’tchallengingenoughforme—Iwant________morecreative.A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．everything24．（2022·上海寶山·二模）Jasontriedseveralwaystoworkoutthemathproblem,but________ofthemworked.A．both B．a(chǎn)ll C．none D．neither25．（2022·上海·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thegovernmenthassolvedoneproblemafter________duringthebattleagainstthecoronavirus.A．other B．theother C．a(chǎn)nother D．others26．（2022·上海奉賢·九年級(jí)期中）Thevisitorsontheshipcanenjoythebeautifullightson______sidesoftheHuangpuRiver.A．neither B．either C．both D．a(chǎn)ll27．（2022·上海黃浦·二模）Whenyourstomachisemptyandyourmindisfull,it’shard________.A．sleep B．sleeping C．tosleep D．tosleeping28．（2022·上海楊浦·一模）Doyoufind________difficulttolearnnewskillslikehowtorideaskateboard?A．/ B．it C．this D．that29．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Lastyear,IsawthewildlionsandelephantsinAfricawith________owneyes.A．I B．me C．my D．mine30．（2018·上海市西南模范中學(xué)九年級(jí)期中）Thepriceofmydressisn’tasasofherdress.A．experience,/ B．experience,that C．high,/ D．high,that31．（2019·上海·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）TomtoldmetobuyhimatoywhenIwentshopping,butIforgotabout______.A．these B．this C．those D．that32．（2022·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Thatprojectrequirescloseteamwork.________willbeachievedunlessweworkwelltogether.A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything33．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Tomtriedseveralwaystoavoidcatchingtheflu，but______ofthemworks.A．both B．neither C．a(chǎn)ll D．none34．（2022·上海嘉定·三模）Don’taskPeteraboutthecase.Heknows______aboutit.A．something B．nothing C．a(chǎn)nything D．everything35．（2022·上海楊浦·三模）I’mbusythisweekend,butIwillarrangefor______totakeyouround.A．someone B．a(chǎn)nyone C．everyone D．noone36．（2022·上海青浦·二模）Almosteveryonetodayuseselectricityinonewayor_________A．a(chǎn)nother B．others C．other D．theother37．（2021·上海市民辦新復(fù)興初級(jí)中學(xué)九年級(jí)期中）—WillMarybeheretoday?—No,and_______.A．hersisterwon’t,too B．neitherhersisterwillC．neitherwillhersister D．neitherwon’thersister38．（2021·上?！つM預(yù)測(cè)）Weareoftentoldthat________ismoreimportantthanhealth.A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．everything39．（2021·上海黃浦·九年級(jí)期中）Thoughmyparentstakecareofmeheartandsoul,________ofthemcanreadmydiarywithoutmyagreement.A．both B．a(chǎn)ll C．neither D．none40．（2021·上海黃浦·九年級(jí)期中）Afterhearingallthesongsonthelist,thefansaskedthesingertosing________one.A．other B．theother C．a(chǎn)nother D．others1．（2022·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Yoursilkscarfisoverthere.Thisoneis_______.A．I B．me C．my D．mine2．（2022·上海·中考真題）Makesure_______hasthetextbookswhenthenewtermstarts.A．nobody B．a(chǎn)nybody C．somebody D．everybody3．（2014·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）OldMr.Blackliveshappilywithhisthreedogs.ofthemarepartofhisfamily.A．Both B．AllC．None D．Neither4．（2014·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Doyouseethatgoodlookingyoungman?isafamousKoreanfilmstar.A．He B．His C．Him D．Himself5．（2019·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）TheNewYearConcertwassoamazingthatleftinthemiddleofit.A．everybody B．a(chǎn)nybody C．nobody D．somebody6．（2019·上海·中考真題）Emma，anactress，hasbeeasuperstarbecauseofhardworkandtalent.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself7．（2016·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Thelightwentoutsuddenly.Itwasverydarkand______couldbeseenclearly.A．a(chǎn)nything B．something C．nothing D．everything8．（2021·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Ihaven’tbroughtmydictionarywithme.CanIuse________?A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself9．（2018·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Catherinehastwocousins.Oneisquiet,and______isnoisy.A．a(chǎn)nother B．theother C．other D．others10．（2018·上海·中考真題）Myfatherisagooddoctor.__________workshardtohelphispatients.A．He B．Him C．His D．Himse