動詞語法專項復(fù)習(xí)講義牛津譯林版九年級英語上冊

語法專項一———時態(tài)時態(tài)定義結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志詞備注一般現(xiàn)在時①表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)；②表經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作（描述日常生活習(xí)慣）；③普遍真理、客觀事實和自然規(guī)律：)④表示主語具備的性格、特征和能力等；⑤按照時間表或計劃表所發(fā)生的事情。背am/is/areV原/V三單否:am/is/arenotdo/doesnot+、原1.頻度副詞:always;usually;often;sometimes;seldom;neverinthemorning/afternoon/eveningeveryday/morning...;onceaweek/4.onSundays=everySunday...if/when/assoonas/unless/before/after等主將從現(xiàn)用法時，從句必須用一般現(xiàn)在時。如:_Iwilltellhimaboutitwhenhees.Ifitistinetomorrow,wewillgotothepark.現(xiàn)在進行時①表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作；②在現(xiàn)階段持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)?？希篴m/is/are+Ving...否：am/is/arenot十Ving...【He's有時是Heis的縮寫,有時是Hehas的縮寫】Look!Listen!atthe/thismoment;atthistimeatpresent(right)nowIt's...(點時間).Where'ssb.?等上下文語境thesedays十一般現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在進行,現(xiàn)在完成）擁有:have,own表感覺的動詞,如see,find,look,hear,taste,sound表“喜歡”、“厭惡”的動詞，如like,love,hate表知識或理解力的動詞，如believe,think,know,forget表“希望”、“愿望”、“心愿”等動詞,如want/hope/wish倒裝句Hereesthebus.一般過去時①表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；②過去發(fā)生的一系列連續(xù)的動作?？希褐髡Z+was/were+其它主語＋動詞的過去式＋其它:was/werenotdidnot+V原last+時間名詞:lastnight/week;時間段+ago:amonthago;in+過去年月:in1987;表過去時間的狀語：justnow;yesterday(afternoon);thedaybeforeyesterday;theotherday前幾天;thosedays;inthepast:usedto.do要關(guān)注過去式的不規(guī)則動詞：fly_grow_shine_hang_hear_catch_drink_draw_feed_begin_hurt_spread_一過去進行時①表示過去某傘時刻發(fā)生的動作；②過去某個時間段內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；③過去同一時間里同時發(fā)生.的動作?？希簑as/weredoing否：wasn't/weren'tdoingatthistimeyesterdayat9:40a.m.lastFridayatthatmoment/timefrom3:30to4:30lastWednesdaythewholemorning/dayalltheafternoonfrommorningtillnight語境：如:Tcalledyoulastnight,butnooneansweredme.Sorry,Iwastakingawalkinthegarden.【when/while/as用法】過去when/while/as過進過進when過去過進while過進Shewasreadingwhilehermumwascooking.Iliketeawhile(然而)shelikescoffee.補:when/as也可以主過從過（過去相關(guān)時態(tài)）一般將來時表將來某一時刻發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)肯：will+V原am/is/aregoingto+V原否：won't+V原am/is/arenot+V原I/We(第一人稱)可以用shall/shallnot(shan't)+V原表將來時間的狀語：inthe(near)future,soontomorrow(morning/afternoon)thedayaftertomorrow,thisSunday/eveningfromnowon從現(xiàn)在起oneday/someday(未來)intheingweekforanothertwodaysnextday/week/month/year/centuryin+段時間(howsoon提問)in+將來點時間:in2030.1、Therearegoingtobetwomeetingstomorrow.2、現(xiàn)在進行表將來,.如:①表位移,如leave/e/go/arrive/move等②表示漸變過程,如go,get,turn,grow,bee如:It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.3、有跡象表明用begoingtodo主將從現(xiàn)只用will外祈使句,and/oryouwill...現(xiàn)在完成時①持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)（長動詞）；②動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有影響；③發(fā)生的次數(shù)④剛剛完成的事情肯：have/has(助動詞)done否：have/has(助動詞)notdone1.already,yet,just,recently,sotarthesedays/years,uptonow,tillnow,sincethen,in/overthelast/pasttwoyears:overtheyears2.since+過去點時間段時間+ago從句（過去時）：for+段時間;提問用Howlong3.ever,never,twice,threetimes,before(次數(shù)不與for連用)4.already(肯定句和特殊疑問句);yet(否定句和一般疑問句局)現(xiàn)在完成時，強調(diào)過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。一般過去時，僅僅過去曾發(fā)生的動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時不一定用長動可1.短暫性動詞及相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞：非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞buyborrowopenclosebegin/startfinishdiecatchacoldwakeupfallasleepjoinleave2.▲并不是遇到短動詞就要改為長動詞，沒有段時間不用變。Youcan'tfindTomhere.Hehasalreadyleft.(此處left不用換作beenaway)3.▲并不是遇到段時間就一定用現(xiàn)完，動作沒持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在仍然用過去時。如:Hi,Jill.Haveyougraduatedfromcollege?如:IliveinChinanow,butI(teach)ChineseinFrancefor3years.4.追問何時何地發(fā)生用過去時IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.Whendidyougothere?5.havebeento,havebeenin,havegoneto區(qū)別。含義備注舉例have/hasbeenin/at在某地待了多長時間來／去／到／在（后接段時間）IhavebeeninHuai'anfor3years.have/hasgoneto去了某地，不在說話地點或在去某地途中一般談?wù)摰谌遅hereisTom?HehasgonetoLanzhou.have/hasbeento去過某地，已回，現(xiàn)在已不在那個地方后接次數(shù),ever,never,before等(次數(shù)不與for連用）當(dāng)面對話Youweren'tathomethismorningWherehaveyoubeen?I'vebeentothelibrary.MayhasbeentoBeijingthreetimes.語法專項二———被動語態(tài)考點一各種時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成時態(tài)被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成例句一般現(xiàn)在時is/am/are+doneTheclassroomiscleanedeveryday.教室每天被打掃。一般過去時was/were+doneThedumplingsweremadeyesterday.餃子是昨天包的。一般將來時shall/will+be+doneAnewhospitalwillbebuiltnextyear.明年一個新的醫(yī)院將被建成。含有情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be+doneTheworkmustbefinishedontime.必須按時完成這項工作。考點二被動語態(tài)的用法1.不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Somenewputerswerestolenlastnight.昨晚一些新電腦被偷了。2.強調(diào)動作的承受者,而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。Thehomeworkmustbehandedinontime.作業(yè)必須按時交上來。說話或發(fā)表意見時,為了顯得客觀公正,也常用被動語態(tài)。常用句型:Itissaidthat…據(jù)說……Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道……Itishopedthat…希望……Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知……Itissupposedthat…據(jù)推測說……⑴Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……“據(jù)說⑵ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.“有人說，據(jù)說’考點三主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動語態(tài)的方法1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。2.把謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)(be+過去分詞),注意雖然其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化,但動詞的時態(tài)保持不變。3.把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語,若主語是人稱代詞,則把主格變?yōu)橘e語(by短語可以省略)。4.含雙賓的句子改為被動時，多以直接賓語(sth)為主語，動詞后要加介詞to或for。make/buy加for,pass/show/give/tell/offer/lend/teach加to。(主)Shebuysmeapresenteveryyear.（直賓作主語）Apresentisboughtformebyhereveryyear.（間賓作主語）Iamboughtapresentbyhereveryyear.(主)Hepassedmeabook.（直賓作主語）Abookwaspassedtomebyhim.（間賓作主語）Iwaspassedabookbyhim.考點四被動語態(tài)的幾種特殊情況make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel等使役動詞和感官動詞在主動語態(tài)中與省略to的動詞不定式連用,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,必須還原to。Isawhimplayingbasketballontheplayground.(主動)Hewasseenplayingbasketballontheplayground.(被動)Ioftenseetheoldmanruninthemorning.我經(jīng)?？吹竭@位老人在早上跑步。Theoldmanisoftenseentoruninthemorning.這位老人經(jīng)常被看見在早上跑步。

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)使役動詞makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感官動詞seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosth2.一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時,動詞短語應(yīng)視為一個整體,而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。含動詞詞組的被動語態(tài)，看作一個整體，不可分隔。如takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafterspeakto→bespokentohandin/out→behandedin/outcarryonwith→becarriedonwith如：Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.考點五主動語態(tài)表被動意義的幾種情況1.不及物動詞與狀語連用,用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。常見的動詞是:cut,sell,read,write,wash,drive等通常與well、easily連用，如系動詞smell,taste,sound,feel等。Thedishsmellsgood.Themusicsoundsnice.washwell好洗sellwell暢銷writewell好寫growwell長得好sell的兩種用法：sellout“賣光”用被動語態(tài)。這種書籍在這個城市都賣光了。Thiskindofbooksissoldoutinthiscity.sellwell“賣得好，暢銷”用主動語態(tài)。這種書籍在這個城市賣得很好。Thiskindofbookssellswellinthiscity.2.系動詞無被動語態(tài)。Theapplestastenice.蘋果嘗起來很好吃。3.不定式在某些形容詞之后,且與主語有動賓關(guān)系。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.這個問題是很難回答的。4.“havesthdone”這個結(jié)構(gòu)也表達了一種被動的意思。I'llhavethebikerepairedsoon.我將盡快請人修理這輛自行車。5.need/requiredoing/tobedone形式表達被動的意思。Yourvegetablesneedwatering.你的蔬菜需要澆水了?？键c六：注意點只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞①：e,go,happen,takeplace,last,dieappear,disappear,belongto（屬于）runoutbreakout(爆發(fā)）breakdown，etrue,remain,succeed,fall,arrive,rise等沒有被動語態(tài)eg.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthistowninthepasttenyears.TheSpecialOlympicsWorldGamestakeplaceeveryfouryears.②連系動詞不用被動語態(tài)。如：look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,bee…語法專項三———非謂語動詞動詞的非謂語形式是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞。主要包括動詞不定式、動詞的-ing形式和動詞的-ed形式。非謂語動詞的考查重點是動詞不定式和動詞的-ing形式。●后接動名詞作賓語的常見動詞（短語）或搭配enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,imagine,keep,miss,consider,mind,practise,risk,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'thelp）,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop（from）,protect…from,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,preferdoingtodoing,insiston,feellike___________________________________________________________●下列動詞通常用不定式作賓語wanttodo：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,refuse,manage,help,promise,prefer,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,decide,prepare,continue,choose,expect，choose,____________________________等動詞+疑問詞+to,“特殊疑問句+不定式”相當(dāng)于名詞，作賓語。如：Idon’tknowwhattodonext/howtodoitnext.Ican’tdecidewhentogothere.注意：不定式短語