Unit13單元知識(shí)小結(jié)（原卷版）

思維導(dǎo)圖Unit13We’retryingtosavetheearth!思維導(dǎo)圖模塊小結(jié)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)一知識(shí)要點(diǎn)一、重點(diǎn)單詞，短語(yǔ)及句式?！揪v精練】要點(diǎn)1advantageadvantagen.有利條件，益處，優(yōu)越性用法例句1)havetheadvantageof意為“有….的優(yōu)勢(shì)”Hehadtheadvantageofagoodeducation.2)taketheadvantageofdoing意為“充分利用…的優(yōu)勢(shì)”Youneedtotaketheadvantageoftheopportunity.3)takedisadvantageof意為“利用”Someonemaybetryingtotakedisadvantageofyou.【典例分析】1.你應(yīng)該充分利用你的優(yōu)勢(shì)，這樣才可以做到更好。2.小心點(diǎn)，不要讓別人利用了.要點(diǎn)2spend“四朵金花”（高頻考題,重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練）詞匯用法spend主語(yǔ)必須是人，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：1.spendtime/moneyonsth.在....上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢(qián)2.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢(qián)做某事cost主語(yǔ)是物或者某種活動(dòng)，還可以表示“值”，常見(jiàn)用法：“sthcosts(sb)+金錢(qián)”,意為“某物花了（某人）多少錢(qián)”take后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ)，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：1.“Ittakessb+時(shí)間+todosth”做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間。2.“doingsthtakessb+時(shí)間”做某事花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間。pay主語(yǔ)必須是人，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：1.pay(sb)moneyforsth.為...付錢(qián)（給某人）2.payforsth.付....的錢(qián)3.payforsb.替某人付錢(qián)4.paysb.付錢(qián)給某人?！镜淅治觥恳弧雾?xiàng)選擇：1.It______________metwoweekstofinishreadingthenovelwrittenbyGuoJingming.A.spent B.took C.paid D.cost2.ThenewTshirt_______________mefiftyyuan.A.spent B.took C.paid D.cost3.He___________twentyyuanforthebook.A.paid B.took C.cost D.spent 4.Iusually____________twohoursonmyhomeworkeveryday.A.spend B.pay C.cost D.take5.Jackusually__________anhour___________hishomework. A.takes,todoB.pays,fordoing C.spends,ondoingD.spends,doing6.Lucyspendsonehundredyuan___________bookseverymonth. A.on B.in C.with D.of7.LittleTomusuallyspendshisfreetime___________somereadingathome. A.do B.doing C.ondoing D.todo8.IttookLucytwodays___________drawingthisbeautifulpicture. A.tofinish B.infinishing C.finishing D.finish9.Asmile____________nothing,butgivesmuch.A.costsB.spendsC.costD.spend二、選擇正確的“花費(fèi)”的適當(dāng)形式填空。1、It______________meaboutanhourtodomyhomeworkeveryday.2、I______________anhourcleaningmyofficeyesterday.3、Thisheavycoat______________me500yuan.4、I______________50yuanforthedictionaryyesterdayafternoon.5、I______________twohoursonthismathsproblem.Atlast,Iworkeditout.三、完成句子。1、他們花了兩年建造這座大橋。They__________twoyears_____________________thisbridge.2、他們用了三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。___________________themthreeyears__________buildthisroad.3、從這里走到車(chē)站花了我們半小時(shí)。________________usthirtyminutes_______________fromheretothestation.4、我花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)才完成這篇作文。Ittookmetwohours______________________theposition.5、我花三千元買(mǎi)了這部。________________3,000yuan__________themobilephone.要點(diǎn)3harmharmadj.危害；傷害；損害harmfuladj.有害的用法例句(1)doharmto意為“對(duì)……有害”Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth(2)beharmfulto.意為“對(duì)….有害”Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Quitsmokingearlyisgoodforyourhealth.【拓展】begoodfor對(duì)……有益beharmfulto對(duì)……有害doharmto對(duì)……有害【典例分析】1.Smokingis________toyou.A.harm B.harmful C.harms D.harmless2.Itis_____toyourhealthtodrinktoomuch.

A.hopeless B.hopeful C.harmless D.harmful3.被污染的水對(duì)魚(yú)類(lèi)有害。Pollutedwaterisfish.4.長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看電視對(duì)你眼睛有害.WatchingTVforalongtime_____________________youreyes.=WatchingTVforalongtime_____________________youreyes.=WatchingTVforalongtime_____________________youreyes.5.Readinginthesunis________youreyes.A.harmfulto B.harmfor C.harmfulfor D.harmto要點(diǎn)4affordafford為動(dòng)詞，意為“（有財(cái)力）買(mǎi)得起，付得起”。例：Thegirllikesthehandbagverymuch，butshecan'taffordit.這個(gè)女孩非常喜歡這個(gè)手提包，但她買(mǎi)不起【考點(diǎn)】afford常接在can，could，beableto之后，表示擔(dān)負(fù)得起（……的費(fèi)用、損失、后果等），常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。例：Manypeoplecan'taffordanewhousenow.現(xiàn)在許多人買(mǎi)不起新房子?！局攸c(diǎn)】afford后面可以接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。afford后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，canaffordto/dosth.:有能力支付做某事\buysth.:買(mǎi)得起某物例：Thefamilycouldnotaffordtosendhertocollege.家里沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)供她上大學(xué)?！倦y點(diǎn)】afford后面可以接雙賓語(yǔ)，即affordsb.sth.“為某人提供某物”。例：Readingwillaffordyoumuchpleasure.閱讀會(huì)給你提供很多樂(lè)趣?！镜淅治觥?.—Somechildrencan'taffordnecessarystationery.—Let'sdonateourpocketmoneytothem.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bebought2.Iamafraidwecannot_______totakeataxi.Let’sgobyundergroundinstead.A.refuseB.affordC.forgetD.fall3.Ican't________thepurseforit'ssoexpensive.A.find B.afford C.cost D.spend4.他太窮了買(mǎi)不起城市的房子。Heisverypoorand___________________ahouseinthecity.5.Carsaresoexpensivethatonlytheveryrichcan______tobuythem.A.wait B.affordC.get D.have要點(diǎn)4pollutionpollution的用法pollution是不可數(shù)名詞，意為“污染”。其動(dòng)詞形式為pollute?！就卣埂颗cpollution相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)【典例分析】1.Thereisless____________(pollute)inSuzhouthaninothercitiesinChina.2.Thelocalpeoplehadtomoveawaybecausetheenvironmentisseriously____________(pollute).3.Thisriverisdirtybecauseitis________bythewaterfromthatchemistryfactory.A.reduced

B.polluted

C.included

D.created4.Sleepingwithlightsonisa.You’dbettermakesureallthelightsareoffbeforeyougotobed.A.pollution B.action C.waste D.collection要點(diǎn)6takepartin參加辨析join,joinin,takepartin,attend詞匯用法例句join指加入某個(gè)組織成為其中一員。jointheArmy/theParty/theLeague參軍/入黨/入團(tuán)Mybrotherwilljointhearmy.joinin多指參加小規(guī)模的活動(dòng)，如游戲、球賽等，joininsth.參加某事CanIjoininthegame?takepartin指參加群眾性活動(dòng)、會(huì)議并在其中起積極作用Allthestudentsinourclasstookpartinthesportmeeting.attend正式用語(yǔ)，指參加會(huì)議、婚禮、典禮；聽(tīng)報(bào)告、講座等。He'llattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.【典例分析】1.用take

part

in、join

in和join的適當(dāng)形式填空。1）Ihopethatyou’ll________thediscussionthisafternoon.2.)Itisthreemonthssincehe______thefootballclub.3)Allthestudents___________theactivityofplantingtreeslastweek.4)Hedidnot____themeetingyesterday.2.－I’mgoingtoHongKongnextmonth.Whataboutyou,Jenny?－Iwill_______socialpractice.A.takepartinB.takeplaceC.takeoffD.takeaction3.DoyouwanttoMike’sbirthdayparty?A.go B.e C.join D.takepartin要點(diǎn)7litterv.亂扔；n.垃圾；廢棄物不可數(shù)名詞，意為“垃圾”Youcan’tdroplitterinthegarden.動(dòng)詞，亂扔Weshouldn’tlitterintheclassroom.辨析：litter,garbage,rubbish,waste單詞用法例句litter指四處亂扔的東西和雜物Pleasedon’tdroplitter.garbage專(zhuān)指廚房中的殘羹剩飯等必須清除的垃圾Don’tforgettotakeoutthegarbageafterdinner.rubbish指殘骸、廢物等普通垃圾，特意集中起來(lái)便于清除You’dbetternotthrowtherubbishontheground.waste指任何被丟棄的東西Wasteisalsobeingmoreandmorehazardous.【典例分析】1.Youcan’tdropl______inthepark.Weshouldkeepitclean.（根據(jù)首字母提示填空）要點(diǎn)8usedtodosth.過(guò)去常常做某事，意思是現(xiàn)在不做了，主語(yǔ)常是人，當(dāng)然也可以是能實(shí)施動(dòng)作的動(dòng)物等。Iusedtogetupearlyandtookanhour'swalkbeforebreakfast.我過(guò)去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小時(shí)。beusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事，主語(yǔ)也通常是人，但是也可以是能實(shí)施動(dòng)作的動(dòng)物等?！癵etusedtodoingsth.”相當(dāng)于“beusedtodoingsth.”。Heis/getsusedtolivinglikethis.他習(xí)慣了這樣生活。beusedfordoingsth.被用于做某beusedtodosth.被用于做某事【典例分析】1.Wehave________upearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.A．usedtogetB．beenusedtogetC．usedforgettingD．beenusedtogetting2.John_________withaknifebutnowhe_________withchopsticksafterlivinginBeijingforseveralmonths.A.usedtoeat;isusedtoeatB.usedtoeating;getsusedtoeatC.usedtoeat;isusedtoeatingD.wasusedtoeating;isusedtoeat2.用usedto和beusedto的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Myuncle_____________liveinabigcity，buthe_________________livinginavillagenow.2.I_________________getuplatewhenIwasinthemiddleschool.3.Thechild_________________watchtoomuchTVatnight.Sohehaspooreyesightnow.4.Westudents___________________doingmorningexerciseseveryday.5.There_______________beabeautifulpark.要點(diǎn)9waste（1）waste作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“浪費(fèi)，廢物，垃圾”。awasteof意為“浪費(fèi)……”。例如：Ihatewaste.我討厭浪費(fèi)。It’sawasteoftime.這就是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。（2）waste作形容詞，意為“無(wú)用的，浪費(fèi)的，荒廢的”。例如：Weshouldn’tthrowwastepaperabout.我們不應(yīng)該亂扔廢紙。Afactoryispouringwastewaterintotheriver.一家工廠正在向河里傾倒廢水。（3）waste作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“浪費(fèi)”。wastetime/money(in)doing/onsth.表示“在做某事上浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢(qián)”。Don’twastewater!不要浪費(fèi)水。【典例分析】1.AfterdinnerMumaskedmetothrowthe_______inthebowlsinthebagontheground.

A.fly

B.waste

C.sand

D.scarf2.Weallneedahealthyenvironment,butweproduceeverydayanditisharmfultoourenvironment.

A.dreams B.trouble C.problems D.waste3.媽媽認(rèn)為玩電腦游戲是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Mumthinksit________________________________________toplayputergames.4.這條河流被從工廠流出的廢物嚴(yán)重污染。Theriverwas_________________________________________fromthefactory5.—ThelateststyleofHuaweimobilephoneswillbeonsale.Iwanttobuyone.—Ithinkyoushouldn’t________toomuchmoneyonnewmobilephonesyoudon’tneed.A.wasteB.putC.shareD.give要點(diǎn)10endangeredadj.瀕危的；瀕臨滅絕的【例句】Ourgovernmentmustbedonetoprotecttheseendangeredanimals.我們的政府必須采取措施來(lái)保護(hù)這些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物?！颈嫖觥坎煌摹拔ｋU(xiǎn)”danger:不可數(shù)名詞，意為“危險(xiǎn)；成脅”，后接of(doing)sth...indanger在危險(xiǎn)中dangerous:形容詞，意為“危險(xiǎn)的”endangered:形容詞，意為“瀕危的；瀕臨滅絕的”【典例分析】1.Thegirlisin.這個(gè)女孩處于危險(xiǎn)之中。2.Itistoplaywithfire.玩火是危險(xiǎn)的。3.Pandasareanimals.熊貓是瀕危動(dòng)物4.Nowadayssomanyanimals_______danger,weshouldtakeactionstosavethem.A.isin B.arein C.isoutof D.areoutof5.Whenonewalksinaforestaloneatnight,hemaybe______becausetherearemany______animalsaroundthem.A.

dangerous;indangerB.

dangerous;dangerousC.

indanger;dangerousD.

indanger;indanger;要點(diǎn)11win為動(dòng)詞，意為“贏、獲勝”，例：Wearesuretowinthegame.我們確信能贏得比賽?！究键c(diǎn)】辨析win和beat=1\*GB3①win指在游戲、比賽、競(jìng)賽、選舉中獲勝，后常跟game，race，prize等表示“物”的詞。例：Tomwonfirstprizeinthewritingpetition.湯姆在寫(xiě)作競(jìng)賽中贏得了一等獎(jiǎng)=2\*GB3②beat指在運(yùn)動(dòng)、比賽等中獲勝，打敗了其他人或其他隊(duì)，后常跟somebody，class等表示“人”的詞。例：TheybeatusinthebasketballmatchlastMonday.上周一他們?cè)诨@球比賽中打敗我們?！镜淅治觥?.在最后，我們獲得了比賽勝利！Atlast，we________thegame！2.他竭盡全力擊敗他的朋友并獲得了比賽的勝利Hetriedhisbestto_________hisfriendand__________thegame！3.XuHaifeng________thefirstgold________inOlympicGamesforChina.A.gets;medal B.won;symbolC.got;prize D.won;medal4.Theirfootballteamwasinthatimportantgame.

A.won B.beatenC.failed D.beat5.DidNewJerseyNets________MiamiHeat?—No,theywere________．A．lose;beatenB．win;lostC．beat;beatenD．lose;beat6.Hedidashisteachertoldhimand________firstplaceintheexam.A.won B.beatC.lost D.win7.—Whichteam_______thematch,TeamOneorTeamTwo?—TeamOne_______TeamTwo.A.won;won B.beat;beatC.beat;won D.won;beat8.Thisyearwetrainedharder,weshouldn’t________________totheotherteam.A.win B.beat C.lose D.defeat要點(diǎn)12insteadof代替；而不是【解析】insteadof意為“代替；而不是”，與inplaceof同義。We'llaskLiMeiinsteadofMary.我們將去問(wèn)李梅而不問(wèn)瑪麗?！颈嫖觥縤nstead與insteadofinstead：副詞，意為“代替；相反”，常用于句首，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，起連接上下句的作用，通常是上句含有否定的，然后用instead引出下句。也可以用于句末，常用于各自獨(dú)立的句子中insteadof：表“代替；而不是”。后接名詞或代詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞ing形式，不能單獨(dú)使用【典例分析】1.根據(jù)句意,選用instead或insteadof填空。1)MaryisgoingtoShanghai__________Guangzhou.2)Jackdidn’tdohishomework.________,hewenttoseeafilm.3)Annsaidnothing.Shebegantocry________.4)Ihavetodomyhomework__________goingout.2.昨晚他待在家里，而沒(méi)有去看電影Hestayedathome_________________________tothecinemalastnight.3.她沒(méi)有玩電腦游戲，而是為考試而學(xué)習(xí)。Shedidn’tplayputergames.Shestudiedforthetest__________.4.Hedidn'tanswermyquestion.Instead，heaskedmeaquestion.(同義改寫(xiě))＝Heaskedmeaquestion____________________________myquestion.5.Whataniceday！Weshouldgosightseeing________watchingTVinthehotel.A．becauseofB．insteadof C．togetherwith D．instead6．MissWhitedoesn'tlikebuyingniceclothes.Shelikescollectingstorybooks________.A．instead B．either C．too D．insteadof要點(diǎn)13thenumberof/anumberof（1）anumberof意為“許多”，后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修飾，構(gòu)成alargenumberof;asmallnumberof等。例如：Ihaveanumberofletterstowrite.我有許多信件要寫(xiě)。Alargenumberofstudentsinourschoolarefromthecountryside.我們學(xué)校許多學(xué)生來(lái)自農(nóng)村。Asmallnumberofstudentsinourclasswentswimmingyesterday.昨天我們班一小部分學(xué)生去游泳了。（2）thenumberof意為“……的數(shù)量”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：ThenumberofpeoplespeakingChineseislargerthanthatofthosespeakingEnglish.說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)的人數(shù)要大于說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)?！镜淅治觥?.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;was B.was;wasC.was;were D.were;were2.Asweallknow,__________numberofpeoplelearningChineseisincreasingrapidly.A.a B.an C.the D.\3.There_____anumberofbooksinthelibraryandthenumberofthem_____increasing.A.has;isB.have;areC.are;isD.is;are4.________studentsintheschoolisover2,000.________themarefromthecity.A.Thenumberof;Anumberof B.Thenumberof;ThenumberofC.Anumberof;AnumberofD.Anumberof;Thenumberof要點(diǎn)14putsth.togooduse好好利用某物putsth.togooduse意為“好好利用某物”，相當(dāng)于makegooduseofsth.,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為sth.beputtogooduse,表示某物被好好利用。與put有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：①putoff意為“推遲"，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式.例：We'llputoffholdingthesportsmeetingbecauseofrain.由于下雨，我們將推遲舉辦運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。②putaway意為“收拾起來(lái)".例：Thelittlegirlputthebowlawayaftershefinishedherdinner吃完晚飯后，小女孩兒把碗收拾起來(lái)。③putup意為“張貼、舉起、建立"，例：Anewschoolwasputuplastyear.去年新建了一所學(xué)校。④puton意為“穿上”例：Whatdressshalllputonfortheparty?我應(yīng)該穿什么衣服去參加聚會(huì)呢?⑤putout意為“撲滅；熄滅".例：Thefiremensoonputoutthefire.消防員很快把火撲滅了。eq\o\ac(○,6)putthrough意為“給……接通”【典例分析】1.—Jason,wouldyoupleasethisnotice?

—Withpleasure.puton B.putoffC.putup D.putout2.Tonyboughtaphotoofhisfavouritesportsstarand________onhisbedroomwall.A.gaveitup B.founditoutC.lookeditthrough D.putitup3.—Jason,couldyouplease________thispictureonthewall?—Withpleasure.A.puton B.putoffC.putup D.putout4.Theexamisoverandresultswillbe onFridayafternoon.A.putdown B.putoff C.putup D.putaway要點(diǎn)15bemadeof由…….制造；由……制作【例句】Thequiltismadeofcotton.這被子是棉花做的?！颈嫖觥縝emadeof、bemadefrom、bemadein、bemadeinto與bemadebybemadeof：“...….制成”，張調(diào)能奮出原材料bemadefrom：“....…制成”，強(qiáng)調(diào)看不出原材村bemadein：“在（某地）制造”，后跟地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)所bemadeinto：“被制成……”，后跟成品bemadeby：“由（某人）制造”，后跟制造成品的人bemadeinto“把……做成某產(chǎn)品”，是把材料做成產(chǎn)品。Manygoodbooksaremadeintofilms.許多好書(shū)被制成了電影。bemadeof“由……制成”，由制成品仍可看出原材料。Thecoatismadeofsilk.這件外套是由絲綢做成的。bemadefrom“由……制成”，制成品經(jīng)過(guò)變化，看不出原材料。Paperismadefromwood.紙是由木頭做成的。bemadein“……生產(chǎn)于某地”。ManywashingmachinesaremadeinHefei.許多洗衣機(jī)是合肥生產(chǎn)的。bemadeupof“由……組/構(gòu)成”，表示事物是由若干部分構(gòu)成的。Ourclassismadeupoftwentythreeboysandtwentyfivegirls.我們班是由23位男孩和25位女孩組成的?！镜淅治觥?.Thescarfwhichis________silk________softandfortable.A．madefrom;soundsB．madeof;feelsC．madein;smellsD．madeupof;smells2．Somegoodsmade________Westerncountriesareveryexpensive.A．byB．inC．fromD．of3.Booksaremade________paperwhilepaperismainlymade________wood.A．of;ofB．from;fromC．of;fromD．from;of4.我爺爺做的這種果汁，是由多種水果做的。Thejuicewhich______________________________manykindsoffruitsis____________________mygrandpa.5.這支醫(yī)療隊(duì)由12名醫(yī)生組成。Thismedicalteam__________________________________12doctors.要點(diǎn)16beknownfor以……聞名；為人知曉beknownfor與beknownasbeknownfor：與befamous/wellknownfor為同義，表示因某種知識(shí)、技能或特征而聞名beknownas：與befamous/wellknownas為同義表達(dá)，表示以某種身份、職業(yè)而聞名【典例分析】1.Bondibeachisknown________________aninterestingplace_______________holidays.A.in;for B.as;for C.for;to D.to;as2.YaoMingisknown________________aplayer________________basketballfans.A.for;as B.as;for C.as;to D.as;in3.LadyGagaisknown________asingerandsheisknown__________herbeautifulvoice.

A.for;as B.as;forC.for;for D.as;as要點(diǎn)17…althoughthereareotherlanguagesforeverydayuse.本句是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。although的意思相當(dāng)于though，意為“盡管，雖然”，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。它所引導(dǎo)的從句不能與并列連詞but;and;so等連用，但可以和yet;still等詞連用。例如：Althoughhelivesalone,hedoesn’tfeellonely.=Helivesalone,buthedoesn’tfeellonely.雖然他一個(gè)人住，但他并不感到孤獨(dú)。Thereisairallaroundus,althoughwecannotseeit.雖然我們看不見(jiàn)空氣，但空氣卻存在于我們的周?chē)！就卣埂縜lthough與though的辨析：(1)用作連詞，表示“雖然”，二者可以互換使用，但although比though更為正式。例如：Though/Althoughitwasraining,westillwentthere.雖然下著雨，但我們還是去了那里。(2)although一般不用作副詞，而though可用作副詞，且一般放在句末（不放在句首），意為“可是，不過(guò)”。例如：It’shardwork;Ienjoyit,though.工作很辛苦，可是我很喜歡。Wealltriedourbest;Welostthegame,though.我們都盡了最大努力，但我們還是輸了。(3)在asthough(好像，仿佛)，eventhough(即使，縱然)等固定短語(yǔ)中不能用although。例如：Hetalksasthoughheknowseverything.他夸夸其談，好像無(wú)所不知。eventhough/evenif都可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，都不能與but連用，但可以與yet，still等連用。eventhough和evenif一般可互換。語(yǔ)氣比though/although強(qiáng)烈。Hewon'ttellmeaboutthenewseventhough/evenifheknowsit.即使他知道這消息，他也不會(huì)告訴我的【典例分析】1.—HowdoyouliketheconcertgivenbyEXO?—Exciting,______onepieceofthemusicwasn’tplayedquitewell.A.though B.because C.so D.and2.Mysistercanbereallysmart.______shedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,shemanagedtoorganizethetripproperly.A.Though B.But C.Because D.UnlessA./;butB.Although;howeverC.Though;butD./;and4.Onthosefoggydays,youcouldhardlyseeanythingaroundyou________itwasatnoon.

A.so B.becauseC.butD.though5.即使知道是無(wú)望的，我也堅(jiān)持嘗試。Ikeptontrying,_______________Iknewitwashopeless.6.盡管雨下得很大，農(nóng)民們?nèi)匀辉谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)里工作。_____________________it’sraininghard,thefarmersarestillworkingonthefarm.要點(diǎn)18hearof意為“聽(tīng)說(shuō)，聽(tīng)到”，相當(dāng)于hearabout。例如：Ihaveneverheardofhim.我從來(lái)沒(méi)聽(tīng)人說(shuō)起過(guò)他。【拓展】hear;hearof與hearfrom的辨析：(1)hear“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，聽(tīng)說(shuō)”。當(dāng)“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”講時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，可直接帶賓語(yǔ)或用于hearsb./sth.do/doingsth.意為“聽(tīng)見(jiàn)某人/某物（在）做某事”，當(dāng)“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”時(shí)，后面常接從句。例如：Canyouhearabirdsinginginthetreenow?你現(xiàn)在能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鳥(niǎo)在樹(shù)上唱歌嗎？Iheardthatshepassedtheexam.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)她通過(guò)考試了。(2)hearof“聽(tīng)說(shuō)，得知”，后面接名詞或代詞，指聽(tīng)到某人或某事的存在或消息。例如：Jimdisappearedandnobodyheardofhim.Jim不知去向，沒(méi)有人再聽(tīng)到他的消息。(3)hearfrom“收到……來(lái)信”，后面常接人作賓語(yǔ)。例如：Haveyoueverheardfromyourpenpal?你是否收到過(guò)筆友的來(lái)信。要點(diǎn)19remember作動(dòng)詞，意為“記得”。與forget意思相反。例如：Pleaserememberhisname.請(qǐng)記得他的名字?！就卣埂浚?）remembertodosth.表示“記得要做某事”，事情還沒(méi)有做。例如：

Remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.離開(kāi)時(shí)記得關(guān)燈。（2）rememberdoingsth.表示“記得曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事”，事情已經(jīng)做過(guò)了。例如：HerememberedgoingtoShanghaiwithhisparentswhenhewasfiveyearsold.他記得五歲時(shí)曾經(jīng)和父母去過(guò)上海。【典例分析】1.Tinaisbusy____atschool,butsheneverforgets_____hermothereveryday.A.work;tocallB.working;tocallC.working;calling2.Iforgot_________(borrow)somemoneyfromyoulastweek,I’msosorry.3.—Doyoustillremember________YaoMinginBeijing?—Yes,ofcourse,threeyearsago.A.tomeet B.meetingC.meet D.met4—Willsheforget______dinnerforus?—No,shewon’t.A.cooks B.tocookC.cooking D.cooked5—Whydoyoumentionthisagain?—Oh,dear,Iforgot______youaboutthatbefore.A.telling B.toldC.totell D.totelling要點(diǎn)20lead的用法（1）作為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；率領(lǐng)；（過(guò)）某種生活”。常用于以下表達(dá)中：=1\*GB3①leadsb.todosth.，意為“帶領(lǐng)某人去做某事”。OurcoachledustobeatClass1inthebasketballmatch.我們教練帶領(lǐng)我們?cè)诨@球賽中擊敗了一班。=2\*GB3②leadsb.against...，意為“帶領(lǐng)某人對(duì)抗……”。Heledagroupofpeopleagainsttheenemy.他率領(lǐng)一群人和敵人對(duì)抗。=3\*GB3③leadahappylife,意為“過(guò)上幸福的生活”。Theyoungcoupleledahappylifefromthenon.從那時(shí)起，這對(duì)年輕的夫婦過(guò)上了幸福的生活。（2）作為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“通向”，常用于leadtosp.,意為“通往某地”。AllroadsleadtoRome.條條大道通羅馬。（3）leadinto意為“引入；導(dǎo)入”，其中into是介詞，其后跟賓語(yǔ)。如：Weoftenuse“excuseme”toleadintoarequest.們經(jīng)常用“excuseme”來(lái)引入一個(gè)請(qǐng)求。【典例分析】1.我的父親引導(dǎo)我?guī)椭幵诶Ь持械娜?。Myfather_________me__________peopleintrouble.2.這條路通向旅館。Thisroad_____________thehotel.3.他的勤奮導(dǎo)致他的成功。Hishardwork_________hissuccess.4.在下一屆選舉中誰(shuí)將領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這個(gè)政黨？Whowill_________thepartyinthenextelection？5.王先生領(lǐng)著我們走出了森林。Mr.Wang_______us_____outoftheforest.要點(diǎn)21makedifference意為“起作用；有影響”，其后可接介詞to，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)makedifferenceto，表示對(duì)某人或某事物有影響。例：Akindsmilecanmakeabigdifference.一個(gè)善意的微笑會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的影響。知識(shí)拓展有關(guān)make的常用短語(yǔ)：makethebed鋪床maketea沏茶makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤makealiving謀生makenoise制造噪音makesure務(wù)必maketrouble惹麻煩makemoney賺錢(qián)makeavisit拜訪makeatelephonecall打makeadecision做決定要點(diǎn)22cutv.砍辨析：cut

off/cut

down

/cut

in/cut

out

詞匯例句cutoff切斷，剪斷Theyhavecutoffthewater/electricity/gassupply.cutdown砍倒，減少I(mǎi)fyoucutdownallthetrees,youwillruintheland.cutin插嘴Shealwayscutinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.cutout切去，切除Thecancerouscellshadtobecutout.【典例分析】1、完成句子1）我已經(jīng)決定減少吸煙。Ihavedecidedto_____mysmoking.2）他們由于欠話費(fèi)被停機(jī)。Theywere______fornotpayingtheirphonebill.3）我們談話時(shí)她老是插嘴Shekept_______onourconversation.4）人們正在砍倒太多的樹(shù)木。Peopleare__________toomanytrees.【重點(diǎn)詞組】 1.atthebottomoftheriver在河床底部2.befullofrubbish充滿(mǎn)了垃圾3.throwlitterintotheriver把垃圾扔入河中4.playapartincleaningitup盡一份力把它清理干凈5.cutdownairpollution減少空氣污染6.makeadifference產(chǎn)生影響7sharkfinsoup魚(yú)翅湯8.atthetopofthefoodchain處于食物鏈的頂端9.inthelast20to30years在最近的20到30年間10.developlaws建全法律11.takepartin參加12.can'taffordtodosth.負(fù)擔(dān)不起做某事13.takeaction采取行動(dòng)14.addup累加15.rideincars開(kāi)車(chē)出行16.throwaway扔掉17.putsth.togooduse好好利用18.pull...down拆下19.beaninspirationtosb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是一種鼓舞20.setupawebsite建立一個(gè)網(wǎng)站21.beknownfor因……而聞名22.notonly...butalso...不僅……而且…【重點(diǎn)句式】1.Eventhebottomoftheriverwasfullofrubbish.即使河底都充滿(mǎn)垃圾。2.Everyoneintownshouldplayapartincleaningitup.城里的每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)盡一份力把它清理干凈。3.Theairisbadlypollutedbecausetherearetoomanycarsontheroadthesedays.空氣被嚴(yán)重污染因?yàn)槿缃衤飞系钠?chē)太多了。4.Iusedtobeabletoseestarsinthesky.我過(guò)去能在天空中看到星星。5.Theairhasbeereallypollutedaroundhere.I’mgettingveryworried.這兒的空氣真的已經(jīng)被污染了，我非常擔(dān)心。6.Noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth.沒(méi)有科學(xué)研究說(shuō)明魚(yú)鰭對(duì)人們的健康有好處。7.Tocutdownairpollution，weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdriving.為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)乘坐公汽或地鐵而不是開(kāi)車(chē)。8.Sharksmaydisappearonedayifwedonotdosomethingtostopthesaleofsharkfins.如果我們不采取措施來(lái)阻止這種魚(yú)鰭買(mǎi)賣(mài)，鯊魚(yú)可能有一天會(huì)滅絕。9.Thismethodisnotonlycruel，butalsoharmfultotheenvironment.這種方法不僅殘酷，而且對(duì)環(huán)境有害。10.Thenumbersofsomekindsofsharkshavefallenbyover90percentinthelast20to30years.在最近的20年到30年的時(shí)間里，某些種類(lèi)的鯊魚(yú)的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降了90%。11.Wecan'taffordtowaitanylongertotakeaction！我們不能再等待更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間再來(lái)采取行動(dòng)！12Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowthesethingscanactuallybeputtogooduse？你曾經(jīng)考慮過(guò)怎樣把這些東西充分利用起來(lái)嗎？13.Notonlycanartbringhappinesstoothers，butitalsoshowsthatevencold，hardironcanbebroughtbacktolifewithalittlecreativity.不僅藝術(shù)能給其他人帶來(lái)快樂(lè)，這也顯示了只需一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)意，冰冷、堅(jiān)硬的鐵也能重獲生機(jī)。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)二：語(yǔ)法知識(shí)要點(diǎn)二語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞有now、atthemoment、look、listen等。其構(gòu)成為“am/is/are+動(dòng)詞－ing形式”。1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Whatistheboydoingontheplayground?這個(gè)男孩兒正在操場(chǎng)上做什么？—Heisplayingbasketball.他正在打籃球。2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，這一動(dòng)作不一定在說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)發(fā)生Thesedaysheiswritingabook.這些天他正在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)。3.go、e、start、leave、move、arrive等動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作SheisleavingforQingdaotomorrow.明天她要前往青島。4.get、bee、turn、run、go、begin、forget、die、finish等動(dòng)詞，它們的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，有逐漸、越來(lái)越快的意味Theirhouseisbeingold.他們的屋子變舊了。I'mafraidthecatisdying.恐怕這只貓要死了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成一樣；不規(guī)則變化的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞需特別記憶。表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如begin、give、go、meet、see等，但不能與for、since引導(dǎo)的延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（在否定句中不受限制）Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?你吃過(guò)早飯了嗎?Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.是的，我剛剛吃過(guò)。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.我已經(jīng)完成我的作業(yè)了。2.表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。通常使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如be、work、study、live等，常與表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度的狀語(yǔ)連用，如fortwodays、since1998、allday等。Mybrotherhasbeenawayforalongtime.我哥哥離開(kāi)好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。Shehaskeptthebooksincelastweek.自從上周她就借了這本書(shū)了。一、用動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空1.Hersister________(notdo)thehouseworkyet.2.________you________(meet)himyet?3.Sofarthey________(notget)aletterfromJohn.4.Mycousin________(read)thisbookalready.5.Thenewspaperishere.It_______(e)amomentago.I__________(notread)ityet.6._________youever___________(be)toKorea?7.—Yournewwatchissonice!When_________you_________(buy)it?—InApril.I_________(have)itfortwomonths.8.Mr.Smith_________(go)toBeijingforatrip.He_________(get)therethismorning.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞【典例分析】1.Mike,youplaywithfire.Youburnyourself.A.won't;can't B.havegotto;shouldn'tC.don'thaveto;must D.mustn't;might2.—_______wecleantheclassroomatonce?—No,you_______.You_______cleanitafterschool.A.Must;needn’t;mayB.Must;mustn’t;canC.Shall;can’t;mustD.Need;mustn’t;may3.—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMs.Kinginheroffice.—Morning.You_______beMr.Jones.Thisway,please.A.will B.must C.can D.might4.—Whosebackpackisthis?—It_______beJim’s.Look,hisstudent’scardisinit.A.mustB.canC.mustn’tD.can’t5.—Canwerunacrosstheroadnow?—No,we________.Wehavetowaituntilthelightturnsgreen.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.couldn'tD.shouldn't二、用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空1.—What__________Idoforyou?—Iwantsomebananas.2.Tom__________rideabike,buthecan’tdriveacar.3.Youareill,Tom.You__________seeadoctor.4.Children__________playbasketballinthestreet.5.Ifyouarenotcareful,acar__________hityou.6.—__________Iein?—Yes,youmay.ein,please.7.Ablindman__________seeanything.8.Nobody_________livewithoutairandwater.9.Thebook__________bereturnedbeforeSaturday.10.You_________giveupsmokingatonce.It'sbadforyourhealth.11.Thetrainwillleaveathalfpastsix,soI__________gettherefifteenminutesearlier.12.Youdon't________worryabouther.Sheismuchbetternow.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)小結(jié)

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。

其用法：

（1）不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)用的執(zhí)行者

（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者

（3）動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者有比較長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ)

（4）出于禮貌，不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：

（1）主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)

（2）主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)閎e+v過(guò)去分詞

（3）主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，組成介詞短語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后

時(shí)態(tài)

構(gòu)成

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

is/am/are+ved

一般過(guò)去時(shí)

was/were+ved

一般將來(lái)時(shí)

willbe+ved

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

wouldbe+ved

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

is/am/arebeing+ved

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

was/werebeing+ved

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)