考點(diǎn) 30 閱讀七選五-段中設(shè)空題（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)幫（新高考）原卷版

考點(diǎn)30閱讀七選五-段中設(shè)空題（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.高考真題考點(diǎn)分布年份卷別體裁詞數(shù)主題語境話題設(shè)題位置選項(xiàng)特征段首段中段尾2024年新高考全國(guó)I卷夾敘夾議文313人與自我使用英語詞典的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、心得與樂趣140完整句新高考全國(guó)=1\*ROMANII卷說明文297人與自然如何避免“過度旅游”131完整句全國(guó)甲卷說明文313人與自我適度飲食131完整句北京卷說明文363人與社會(huì)“刺猬”型思維方式和“狐貍”型思維方式140完整句浙江1月卷說明文330人與社會(huì)在線學(xué)習(xí)利弊140完整句2023年新高考全國(guó)I卷說明文321人與自我自我原諒041完整句新高考全國(guó)=1\*ROMANII卷說明文310人與社會(huì)開始藝術(shù)之旅的建議131完整句全國(guó)乙卷說明文335人與自然室內(nèi)植物的好處032殘缺句＋完整句全國(guó)甲卷說明文287人與自我成為更有耐心的人的技巧131殘缺句＋完整句北京卷說明文255人與社會(huì)如何選擇高校的建議131完整句浙江1月卷說明文361人與社會(huì)能使火車旅行更舒適的建議140完整句2022年全國(guó)甲卷說明文315人與社會(huì)一些外出就餐時(shí)要知道的一些重要事情131殘缺句＋完整句全國(guó)乙卷說明文316人與社會(huì)五種維系異地友誼的方法311殘缺句＋完整句新高考全國(guó)I卷說明文332人與社會(huì)如何找到一個(gè)一起鍛煉的伙伴041完整句新高考全國(guó)=1\*ROMANII卷說明文312人與社會(huì)介紹寫文章的技巧140完整句浙江卷1月說明文309人與社會(huì)既可以充分利用時(shí)間又可以快樂放松的有效建議221完整句浙江卷6月說明文338人與社會(huì)寫作都是帶有某種目的的131完整句2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】從近三年高考試題對(duì)段中句共考查54次。此種題主要考查前后句子的邏輯性和內(nèi)容的連貫性，和句子之間的銜接手法。當(dāng)設(shè)空在段中時(shí)，通?？疾樵摽张c前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文之間的街接關(guān)系。1）選材特點(diǎn)：一般為300詞左右的短文，以記敘文和說明文常見。2）設(shè)空特點(diǎn)：一般有五種：標(biāo)題類、主題句類、承上啟下類、歸納總結(jié)類、語篇拓展類。【備考策略】1.

宏觀把握文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清行文的邏輯線索和文章脈絡(luò)。當(dāng)設(shè)空處位于首段末尾或段首時(shí)，考慮它是否為總起句或段落主題句，以此作為破題點(diǎn)，便可以快速選出正確答案。2.

做題時(shí)可以圈定一些題干中和選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵線索（比如代詞、設(shè)空處后的逗號(hào)等），這些線索可以幫助我們排除選項(xiàng)。比如，代詞的作用就是指代前面提及的名詞或句子，根據(jù)指代關(guān)系和代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以快速解題。3.【命題預(yù)測(cè)】從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來看，預(yù)測(cè)2025年高考閱讀理解七選五試題仍然以結(jié)構(gòu)鮮明的指導(dǎo)類說明文為主，段中句也是考查重點(diǎn)，至少設(shè)空2-3題?！颈貍浠A(chǔ)知識(shí)】七選五閱讀文章體裁以說明文、記敘文為主。語篇模式也較為固定：依次是提出問題、分析問題、最后是提供解決方案；題目的位置也很固定：有首句、句中、末句與獨(dú)立成段四種情形；題型的正確選項(xiàng)大致可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）、過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）和注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）三類。[閱讀七選五解題四步驟]第一步：通讀全文，掌握大意閱讀七選五多為說明文，尋找主題句是掌握全文主旨大意最有效的方法。說明文的主題句一般是首段的第一句或第二句，有些會(huì)出現(xiàn)在文章的末尾，閱讀時(shí)要特別關(guān)注這些句子。第二步：閱讀選項(xiàng)，標(biāo)記線索通讀完文章，依次快速瀏覽各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，弄清句子的類別和意義，并找出每個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的線索詞或關(guān)鍵詞，據(jù)此初步確定哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)應(yīng)放在文章的哪個(gè)位置上。第三步：詳讀段落，定位選項(xiàng)了解文章大意和選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容之后，再細(xì)讀文章，分析上下文語段之間的邏輯關(guān)系和語義關(guān)系，根據(jù)所標(biāo)記的線索詞和關(guān)鍵詞，進(jìn)一步確定選項(xiàng)。第四步：研讀選項(xiàng)，排除干擾盡管答案已選出，但為了避免失誤，還要對(duì)多余的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研讀，確認(rèn)它們和文章的意義沒有關(guān)聯(lián)，最終將其排除。段中設(shè)空的題目即為主題句的展開句。此種題要注意分析前后的邏輯性和內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意句子之間的銜接手法。當(dāng)設(shè)空在段中時(shí)，通?？疾樵摽张c前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文之間的街接關(guān)系。常見的邏輯關(guān)系包括7類:總分關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因果關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系和例證關(guān)系。01段中句考查句子之間邏輯關(guān)系一．段中句題型綜述邏輯連接是組織文章最主要的方式，語義邏輯構(gòu)成了語篇的框架。對(duì)常用的邏輯關(guān)系了然于心，并在閱讀時(shí)能有效地找出其連接的對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，是學(xué)生解答“七選五”的關(guān)鍵。“七選五”中常見的邏輯連接可以歸類為七種：總分關(guān)系：指選項(xiàng)是中心句；并列關(guān)系：指選項(xiàng)與前句或后句在結(jié)構(gòu)或內(nèi)容上一致；遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：指后句對(duì)前句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或語義上的延伸；轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；指選項(xiàng)與前句或后句語義相反或相對(duì)，后句往往是對(duì)前句的修正，表達(dá)作者的真正意圖；因果關(guān)系：指選項(xiàng)與前后句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系；概括闡釋：指前句對(duì)后句或后句對(duì)前句進(jìn)行歸納概括，若前句歸納，后句即是對(duì)前句的具體闡釋，使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是對(duì)前句所闡釋的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行意義整合；例證關(guān)系：指后句是前句的具體實(shí)例。二、段中設(shè)空考題的解題思路通常考查與前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文的銜接?？疾橐c(diǎn)有:

總分關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系和并列關(guān)系。有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)下列銜接詞匯或短語結(jié)構(gòu):first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,what’smore,thatis,namely,inotherwords,foronething...foranother等,

這些詞匯和短語結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中起到提示邏輯關(guān)系的作用,

是解題時(shí)需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的部分。1、根據(jù)總分關(guān)系確定答案主要從以下二個(gè)方面解題：一是掌握特點(diǎn):“總”是指總體概括，“分”指的是內(nèi)容的具體展開；二是技巧運(yùn)用:是先“總”后“分”，是先“分”后“總”,還是先“總”后“分”再“總”。例如：Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleptinatent,

cookedoveranopenfire,

andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.

C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecameinterestedincamping.2、根據(jù)解釋關(guān)系確定答案主要從以下二個(gè)方面解題：一是掌握特點(diǎn):提出觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)該觀點(diǎn)解釋說明；二是技巧運(yùn)用:設(shè)空處是提出的觀點(diǎn)還是對(duì)觀點(diǎn)的解釋說明。例如：InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率).Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.

40Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously

—

soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.3、根據(jù)例證關(guān)系確定答案主要從以下二個(gè)方面解題：一是掌握特點(diǎn):思維上的形象（例子、類比等）和抽象（觀點(diǎn)）的辯證關(guān)系；二是技巧運(yùn)用:是先給例子，再歸納觀點(diǎn);還是先給出觀點(diǎn),再舉例說明。例如：Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.37Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.4、根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系確定答案表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞有:but但是,however/whereas然而,

nevertheless仍然,

然而,

不過,

nonetheless盡管如此,

依然,

然而,

still還;

然而,

though可是,

不過,

然而,

yet然而,

inspiteof不顧,

不管,

atanyrate無論如何,

至少,

inanycase無論如何,

不管怎樣,

whoever無論是誰,

whatever無論什么,onthecontrary正相反,

incontrast與此相反,

相比之下,

bycontrast相反,

相比之下,

incomparison比較起來,

比較地,

bycomparison相比之下,

conversely相反(地),

otherwise否則;

除此以外,not...but不是……而是,aswell也等。主要從以下二個(gè)方面解題：一是掌握特點(diǎn):指英語行文中后句與前句構(gòu)成逆轉(zhuǎn)邏輯關(guān)系；二是技巧運(yùn)用:空格前后兩句話之間如果是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的句子。例如：“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.”hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit.

32”Seekingotherlike-mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.ManywouldsaytheInternetisaplaceforpeoplewhohavegivenuponthetraditionalpostalservice,butPaulo’shunch(直覺)paidoff.

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.5、根據(jù)因果關(guān)系確定答案表示因果關(guān)系的連詞有asaresult/consequently結(jié)果,thus/therefore因此,so(such)...that...

如此……以至于……等。主要從以下二個(gè)方面解題：一是掌握特點(diǎn)：指前后的句子有著原因和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系；二是技巧運(yùn)用：是說明了前因后果還是前果后因等情況。例如：

MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.36Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.6、根據(jù)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系確定答案表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連詞有:also也,

而且,further另外(地),furthermore而且,

此外,likewise同樣地,

照樣地;

也,又,similarly相似地,

類似地,moreover而且,

再者,

此外,inaddition另外,

加之,what’smore更重要的是,too也,還,either也,neither兩者都不,notonly...butalso不但……而且等。主要從以下二個(gè)方面解題：一是掌握特點(diǎn):后面的句子是對(duì)前面所述內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋說明，即行文中后句對(duì)前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系；二是技巧運(yùn)用:空格前后兩句之間如果是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)的句子。例如：Languageiscertainlyabarrierformanypeople.Forpostcrossingtoworkworldwide,acommoncommunicationlanguageisneededsothateveryonecanunderstandeachother.AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn’tworkifonedoesn’tunderstandit.34Soacommonlanguageisrequiredandinpostcrossingthat’sEnglishsinceit’swidelyspoken.

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.7、根據(jù)并列關(guān)系確定答案主要從以下二個(gè)方面解題：一是掌握特點(diǎn):前后兩句是邏輯上的并列關(guān)系；二是技巧運(yùn)用:尋找表示并列的關(guān)系詞,如:and,first(ly),second(ly),...;first,then/next,..;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace.;foronething,foranother;tobeginwith,toconclude等標(biāo)志性詞語。例如：Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,

youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺(tái)).Ifyou’rethehost,

youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【2023年新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember,though,whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.·Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.___16___You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.·Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.___17___·Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.___18___Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub；we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.·___19___Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.___20___Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.AGetoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.（2024·湖北黃岡·三模）Inourmoderneconomy,acceleratedlearningcanbecrucialforsuccess.Learningfastermeansgainingmoreknowledge—quickerthanothers.16Anyonecanlearnfromthemandacceleratetheirlearningprocesswiththefollowingtechniques.CombineLearningStylesThatPlaytoYourStrengthsWhenyouaimtoaccelerateyourlearning,whatyouchoosetolearnshouldnotbelimitedtoacurriculumorclassroomstructure.17Differentmaterialsalongwithyourlearningstylecanaccelerateorslowdownyourcomprehensionprocess.Thebestlearningstyleistheonethatmakesiteasiertoprocess,orcomprehendideas,andsubjectsfaster.Onceyouknowyourlearningstrengthsandweaknesses,youcanchooselearningstrategiesthatplaytoyourstrengths.SeekFirsttoUnderstandTheBasicStructureofTheTopicYouChoose18Soyouneedtoseekfirsttounderstandthebasics.Inotherwords,youhavetogettoknowthetree’sroot,trunk,thenbranchoutfromthere.Don’tstartfromthebranchesortheleaves,pursuetherootandworkyourwaytothetopic.Therefore,whatevertopicyouchoosetolearnorstudy,juststartwiththebasics.GiveYourselfPlentyofTimeinBoth“Focused”And“Diffused”(分散的)ModesNormally,thehumanbrainisnotmeanttostayin“focused”modeforhoursatatime.19Consequently,whenyourbrainisactiveforaverylongtime,you’reactuallyblockingyouraccesstothediffusedmode—amorerelaxedstate.Therefore,diffusedmodeisjustasvaluableasthefocusedmode.So—justtakebreaks,letyourmindwander,thinkaboutotherthings,andgiveyourbrainplentyoftimetomakebetterconnections.20A．Youcanbenefitalotfromstayingfocused.B．Smartlearnersdon’thaveanyspecialsecrets.C．Youshouldtrytochoosewhateveryoulikebest.D．Everytopicorsubjecthasalogicalstructuretoit.E．Thenyoucanlearnbetterbyimposingbreaksonyourself.F．Long-lastingattentiontoasingletaskcanblockmemoryandrecall.G．Youcanpracticallychoosecontentfrommanysources,experts,andauthors.02段中句考查詞匯線索1.人稱代詞或物主代詞指代前文出現(xiàn)過的人或物，再次提到時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，為避免重復(fù)，常用人稱代詞，不定代詞，指示代詞，反身代詞，以及such和so指代前文提到的內(nèi)容。做題時(shí)要注意指代的人稱、數(shù)的一致性。it可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個(gè)句子;they或them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞:one指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞;ones指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞;that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子;this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子:these或those指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。做題過程中要特別關(guān)注空后的句子或選項(xiàng)中是否有代詞，可以利用指代關(guān)系以及代詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的差異快速鎖定答案。2.詞匯線索高頻詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（同義詞/近義詞/上下義詞/同一范疇詞）1）復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。2）同范疇詞出現(xiàn)同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語義銜接的目的。你可以在選項(xiàng)中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。1.【2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.2.[2023·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.40.We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.（2024·河南·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）HowtoCreatethePerfectSpringPlanterSpringcontainersareaneasysolutionforjazzingupacolorlessbalconyandboringcornersofanygardenatthistimeofyear.16Choosingtherightcontainerisimportant.Alwaysthinkaboutthestyleofyourgarden.17Theyaresolidpotsforspringastheydon’tblowoverinthoseearlyspringwinds.Checkthatthepothasalargedrainage(排水)holetoensurethatthesoildrainswell,butalwayscoveritwithacrock(likeapiecefromabroken?owerplanter)sothatthesoildoesn’tblocktheholeandcreateproblemswithdrainagelaterdowntheline.Choosingtherightcompost(堆肥)isthekeytothesuccessofanyplanting.Ithinkit’sbesttousesoil-basedcompostsothatthesoildoesnotbecometooheavyorwaterlogged,especiallyinspringwhenwecouldhaveplentyofshowers.18Andtoomuchwaterinthesoilwillfreeze,preventingtheplantsfromtakingupthevitalwater.Plantcombinationsareimportant,soalwaysthinkaboutmixeswhichwilllastaswellasannualandperennial(多年生的)ones.19Abunchofpotsforcestheeyetolookaroundandtakeineachpotandplantcombination.Aniceoptionisplantingsummer?owerslikeDahliaorLilytocreateasummerimpact.20Itcanbeachievedbyusingtallplants.Ifyoudon’thaveatallplantthenyoucanalwaysraiseyourpotoffthegroundwitholdhousebricksordecorativepotfeet,orusestepsinyourgardentocreateinterestanddrama.Apleasantsmellisalwaysalovelyadditiontoaspaceaswellaswildlife.Selecttherightplantforyourlocationinyourgarden－sunorshade-loving.A．Ilikegood,weightyplanters.B．ItcanstillbefrostyrightuptoMay.C．Andbesides,theyaresoeasytocarefor.D．Ialsoliketogrouppotstogetherindifferentsizes.E．Capitalizeonthosevariationstohelpchoosecompanions.F．Youmay?ndsomeoftheseplantsinsmallerpotsorevenmulti-packs.G．Heightisimportanttothinkaboutwhenyou’redesigningyourarrangement.03考查前后句子相似結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，常有also等作為標(biāo)志詞?！?019年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ】Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump?Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofsamecoin.___36___Likethechildonthedivingboard,youwillstayundecided.___37___Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvaluesyourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyouryou’reyourgoalsA.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivationyoucanneithersetagoalnorreachit（2024·重慶沙坪壩·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Alotofpeopleassumethemoreworktheyputinatthegym,andthelongerandhardertheypushthemselves,thebettertheirresultswillbe.16Butifyouwanttogetthebestgains,thekeyistofocusonthequalityoftheworkratherthanthequantity.Yourbodyiscapableofmakingonlytinyadaptationsandimprovementsatanyonetime.Onceyou'vegivenitenoughpushtomakethesechanges,anyadditionalworkyoudoafterthatpointwon'tbemakingyouanybetter.17Thisisbecauseyou'llneedlongertorecoverafterwards.Besides,youwon'tfeelfreshwhenyoustartyournextsession.Ideally,it'sjustenoughtodothesmallestamountofworkrequiredtopromotegrowthineveryworkout.18Thustheminimumamountofexercisebringsthemaximumphysicalgains.19Forexample,ifanewgym-goerwantstogetstronger,hemightstartasquat(深蹲)workout,whichismadeupoftensteps,eachhavingfiverepetitions.Intheory,it'sasensiblewayforbuildingstrength.Ifhe'sonlyattemptedthreestepsinhispreviousexercise,it'sfarfromenough.Thefourthstepwouldpushhimpasthispreviouslimitandforceadaptation.Butthesubsequentstepsaremeantformoreprofessionalpeople.20Asageneralrule,regardlessofyourexperience,aimtoonlyincreasethevolumeofanyexercisebyonestepfromworkouttoworkout.A．Itseemslogical.B．Instead,it'llharmyourprogress.C．It'snaturalthatyoumaywanttokeepfit.D．Afterthat,youcanstopexercisingduringtheday.E．Onlyinthiswaycanyouenjoythebenefitofexercise.F．Theywouldjustincreasethechanceofinjuryforbeginners.G．Howmuchexerciseyouneedtododependsonyourcurrentfitnesslevel.（最新模擬試題演練）Passage1（2024·江西贛州·二模）Anxietydisordersareatypeofmentalhealthcondition.Anxietymakesitdifficulttogetthroughyourday.Symptomsincludefeelingsofnervousness,panicandfearaswellassweatingandarapidheartbeat.1Havepsychotherapy(心理療法).Psychotherapyor“talktherapy”canhelppeoplewithanxietydisorders.CognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT)isanexampleofonetypeofpsychotherapythatcanhelppeoplewithanxietydisorders.Itteachespeopledifferentwaysofthinking,behaving,andreactingtosituationstohelpyoufeellessanxiousandfearful.CBThasbeenwellstudiedandisthegoldstandardforpsychotherapy.2Itfocusesonfacingthefearsbehindananxietydisordertohelppeopleengageinactivitiestheyhavebeenavoiding.Exposuretherapyissometimesusedalongwithrelaxationexercises.Anothertreatmentoptionforsomeanxietydisordersisacceptanceandcommitmenttherapy(ACT).ACTtakesadifferentapproachthanCBTtonegativethoughts.3Medicationdoesnotcureanxietydisordersbutoftenrelievessymptoms.Generally,medicationcanonlybeadvisedbyamedicaldoctor(suchasapsychiatristoraprimarycareprovider).Medicationsaresometimesusedastheinitialtreatmentofananxietydisorder.4Themostcommonclassesofmedicationsusedtofightanxietydisordersareantidepressants,anti-anxietydrugs,andbeta-blockers.Beawarethatsomemedicationsareeffectiveonlyiftheyaretakenregularlyandthatsymptomsmayappearagainifthemedicationisstopped.Joinsupportgroups.Youarealsorecommendedtojoinsupportgroupstogettheircopingstrategies.Somepeoplewithanxietydisordersmightbenefitfromjoiningaself-helporsupportgroupandsharingtheirproblemsandachievementswithothers.5Choosethemostsuitableandbelieveyou’llmakeit.A．Receivemedication.B．Choosetherightdoctors.C．It’sanewerformofpsychotherapytreatment.D．Thankfully,thereareeffectivewaystotreatanxiety.E．Besides,youmaylearnwaystomanageanxietydisordersyourself.F．ExposuretherapyisaCBTmethodthatisusedtotreatanxietydisorders.G．Theycanalsobeadoptedifthereisnosatisfyingresponsetopsychotherapy.Passage2（2024·河南駐馬店·二模）Imaginebeingabletoupdateyourwardrobe(衣櫥)withoutspendingadollar.Thisseeminglytoo-good-to-be-trueideaisentirelypossibleifyouhostaclothingswap(交換)partywithfriends.Here’showtogoaboutdoingit.SendoutaninvitationInvitetherightnumberofpeopleofmorethan10andlessthan20.6Youcansetminimumandmaximumnumbersofpiecesguestsneedtobring,ifyouwant.Beclearaboutwhatmakesapieceswap-worthy,i.e.nostains,washed,ironed.7Theycanbewomen’s,children’sclothing,footwear,etc.Remindgueststobringabagorboxtocarrytheirnewfindshomeandtowearundergarmentsthatfacilitatechanging.SetupyourlivingroomfortheswapIt’smorefunifthespacelookslikeastore,sogrouplikeitemswithlike.Foldjeansinaneatpile,clearatableandmakeaclothingrack(支架)usingalongcurtainbar.8MakesnacksandcocktailsIrecentlyreadaboutagroupofmothersinBritishColumbiawhodrinkDirtyMommacocktailswhileswappingclothingonaregularbasis.9Butstayawayfromredwine;youdon’twantthosestainsalloveryournewfoundtreasures.Taketurnsshopping10Limitthenumberofitemstothreeperturntokeepitfairandmovingfast.Everybodygoeshomewiththesamenumberofitemsthattheybrought.Iftwofriendshavetheireyeonthesamething,haveamodel-offandletthegroupdecidewhowearsitbest.Ifyou’reafraidofhurtfeelings,flipacoininstead.A．Drawlotstopickwhoshopsfirst.B．Takealltheclothingyouboughthome.C．ItisacommonpracticetoinviteguestsinBritain.D．Decidewhichcategoriesofclothingwillbeswapped.E．Establishachangingroomandprovidefull-lengthmirrors.F．Giveguestsatleasttwoweekstoprepareclothingtheywanttoswap.G．Whetherornotyourgrouphasanestablisheddrink,acocktailmakestheexperiencemorefun.Passage3（2024·遼寧大連·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whenwearefacedwithacrisis,orifwehaveanimportantdecisiontomake,manyofusfallintothetrapofover-thinking.Wemaykeepthinkingaboutsomethingconstantlyandtoolong.1Howcanwestopourselvesfromover-thinking?Doingsomethingtodistractyourselfisagoodidea.Youcanfindworkingwithyourhandsisespeciallygood.2Yourbrainsimplydoesn’thavetheresourcestosplititselfintoathirdactivity,forexampleover-thinking.3Studieshaveshownthatwhensomeoneviewssomethinginexcitementandanxiety,thebrainisforcedtobecomestuckinthepresentbecauseallofyoursensesarecompletelyengaged.Youdonothavetimetofocusonsomethingdifferentbecauseyourmindisfocusedonwhatisstimulatingyourightnow.Constantwishing,hopingandprayingdonotgiveyouanyrelief.Theyjustkeepyoustuckinoneplace.Buttakingthesmalleststepoffthecrisisreallymatters.Itwillsetthingsinmotion,makingyoulikeasnowball.4Thetrapsarethingsthatcauseyournaturalabilitytoreactwithoutrealizingthatthereisaconnectionbetweenthetwo.Thus,avoidingrelevanttrapsisalsoagoodidea.5Forexample,ifoneofyourcolleaguesissonegativethatshealwaysdragsyoudown,stophangingoutwithherbyhavinglunchaloneatanearbyrestaurant.A．Thismindsettendstoruinourday.B．Putsimply,outofsight,outofmind.C．Justasasayinggoes,oncebitten,twiceshy.D．Trywatchingasuspenseful(懸疑的)movie.E．Youarereallygettingyourbrainworkingforyou.F．Thus,youwillgraduallymoveyourselfoutofthefeeling.G．Itengagesyourmotorskillsaswellasyourthinkingprocess.Passage4（2024·河北邢臺(tái)·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Don’tLoseMotivationManyofushaveadreamthatwewouldlovetoachieve.Havingdreamsisfine,butachievingdreamsrequiresdetermination,single-mindedness,courage,andcommitment.6.Stayingmotivatedcanbehard,especiallyifyouthinkyouarebeingfrustratedfrequently.How,then,dowegetmotivated?7Motivationalspeakersoutlinetheirrecipesfors