2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)版必修第一冊(cè)北師版 Unit 1 單元專項(xiàng)提升

Unit

1

Life

Choices單元專項(xiàng)提升英語(yǔ)版必修第一冊(cè)北師版單元語(yǔ)法歸納巧梳理·知識(shí)框圖挖教材·語(yǔ)法示例判斷下列句子中畫線的動(dòng)詞不定式所作的成分1.Teens

has

invited

two

students

to

write

about

their

daily

life

in

senior

secondary

school.____________賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2.It's

so

convenient

to

be

able

to

compare

the

quality

and

prices

from

different

online

shops

before

I

buy.______主語(yǔ)3.I

tend

to

set

a

goal

for

every

subject

at

the

beginning

of

each

term.

______4.My

aim

is

to

do

well

in

every

subject

this

term.

______5....I

can

have

more

free

time

to

do

other

things

that

I'm

interested

in

after

school.______6.To

achieve

all

I

want,

I

must

use

my

time

well.

______賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)細(xì)歸納

語(yǔ)法精講動(dòng)詞不定式

動(dòng)詞不定式由"to+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成（在某些情況下可以省略to），其否定形式為"not+動(dòng)詞不定式"。知識(shí)點(diǎn)1

動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式

動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但仍保留動(dòng)詞的部分特征，有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。具體形式如下表所示（以do為例）：語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式to

doto

be

done進(jìn)行式to

be

doing/完成式to

have

doneto

have

been

done知識(shí)點(diǎn)2

動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能

動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等多種成分。1.作主語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在很多情況下都可以用動(dòng)詞-ing替代，但表示某些具體情況，或在某些固定說(shuō)法中，通常不用動(dòng)詞-ing替代。（2）單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。（3）若動(dòng)詞不定式太長(zhǎng),則往往用it作形式主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式后置，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡。To

err

is

human.［諺］金無(wú)足赤，人無(wú)完人。/人非圣賢，孰能無(wú)過(guò)。To

finish

this

job

in

one

day

is

impossible.要在一天之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是不可能的。（表示某次具體的情況）It

is

very

interesting

to

play

in

the

snow

in

winter.冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。鏈高考

真題精練語(yǔ)法填空(2023·浙江1月)I

remember

showing

my

parents

a

video

of

Bea

Johnson,

sharing

how

cool

I

thought

it

would

be

________（buy）

groceries

with

jars,

and

have

so

little

trash!to

buy【解析】句意：我記得我給父母看了一段貝亞·約翰遜的視頻，分享我認(rèn)為用罐子買雜貨有多酷，而且產(chǎn)生的垃圾這么少!分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為句型"It

+be+adj.+to

do

sth."，it為形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作真正的主語(yǔ)。故填to

buy。2.作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式置于be動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或起解釋說(shuō)明的作用，其主語(yǔ)常常是dream、wish、idea、plan、task、purpose、duty、job等表示意向、打算、職責(zé)等意義的詞。His

dream

is

to

become

an

astronaut.他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名宇航員。My

main

task

is

to

get

this

company

running

smoothly.我的主要任務(wù)是使這家公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)順利。

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，可以省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to。What

he

wanted

to

do

was

（to）

become

a

skillful

worker.他的愿望是成為一個(gè)技術(shù)熟練的工人。鏈高考

真題精練語(yǔ)法填空(新高考Ⅰ卷)His

job

is

______（sit）

beside

the

pianist

and

turn

the

pages

of

the

score

so

the

musician

doesn't

have

to

break

the

flow

of

sound

by

doing

it

themselves.to

sit【解析】空處作表語(yǔ)解釋主語(yǔ)His

job的具體內(nèi)容，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。3.作賓語(yǔ)（1）一些動(dòng)詞之后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，此類詞有：動(dòng)詞記憶口訣offer、choose、plan主動(dòng)提出選計(jì)劃agree、ask、wait同意請(qǐng)求等一等want/would

like/expect/hope/wish、learn、decide/determine想要學(xué)會(huì)有決心happen、fail可能碰巧會(huì)失敗refuse、pretend、manage拒絕假裝必成功I

asked

to

see

the

manager.

我要求見經(jīng)理。My

dad

has

offered

to

pick

us

up.

我爸爸主動(dòng)提出開車來(lái)接我們。I

do

not

wish

to

be

disturbed

in

my

work.

我不希望有人打攪我的工作。She

failed

to

pass

her

driving

test.她未能通過(guò)駕照考試。（2）在一些動(dòng)詞后既可以加to

do形式作賓語(yǔ)，也可以加動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同。如：forget/remember

to

do

sth.

忘記/記得要做某事forget/remember

doing

sth.

忘記/記得做過(guò)某事regret

to

do

sth.

遺憾地做某事regret

doing

sth.

后悔做過(guò)某事mean

to

do

sth.

打算做某事mean

doing

sth.

意味著做某事（3）用于"動(dòng)詞+it+adj./n.+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中it為形式賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式為真正的賓語(yǔ)。能用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有feel、find、think、believe、consider、make等。I

find

it

pleasant

to

work

with

him.我發(fā)現(xiàn)跟他一塊兒工作挺愉快的。I

think

it

useful

to

learn

a

foreign

language.我認(rèn)為學(xué)一門外語(yǔ)是有用的。鏈高考

真題精練語(yǔ)法填空1.(全國(guó)乙卷)Activities

there

range

from

whale

watching

to

hiking（遠(yuǎn)足）and

accommodations

aim________（have）

a

low

impact

on

the

natural

environment.to

have【解析】固定用法aim

to

do意為"力求做到"。2.(山東高考)The

two

girls

are

so

alike

that

strangers

find

it

difficult

_______

（tell）

one

from

the

other.to

tell【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中的it為形式賓語(yǔ)，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的賓語(yǔ)。4.作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面。（1）動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)的幾種情況：①序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或the

last/the

only/the

next等后或被這些詞修飾的名詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。He

is

the

best

man

to

do

the

job.他是做這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。He

is

always

the

first

to

come

and

the

last

to

leave.他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)，最后一個(gè)走。②抽象名詞ability、attempt、chance、opportunity、promise、reason、time、way

等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。Interest

is

as

vital

to

learning

as

the

ability

to

understand,

even

more

so.對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)說(shuō)，興趣同理解能力一樣重要，甚至更重要。He

made

a

promise

to

come

here

on

time

tomorrow.他許諾明天按時(shí)來(lái)這兒。鏈高考

真題精練語(yǔ)法填空1.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)And

the

only

way

for

us_______（get）

into

the

habit

of

waiting

is

to

practice.to

get【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作后置定語(yǔ)修飾抽象名詞way，且其前有the

only修飾，所以要用動(dòng)詞不定式。2.(北京高考)Volunteering

gives

you

a

chance__________（change）

lives,

including

your

own.to

change【解析】抽象名詞chance后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。③something、anything、nothing等不定代詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)。Do

you

have

anything

to

say?

你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？④動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)可表示將來(lái)的、還沒發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He

said

he

had

an

important

meeting

to

attend.

他說(shuō)他有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。There

are

still

many

problems

to

be

solved

before

we

are

ready

for

a

long

stay

on

the

moon.在我們準(zhǔn)備好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停留在月球上之前，還有許多問題要解決。（2）動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞與被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系①動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)詞不定式既可以用主動(dòng)形式，也可用被動(dòng)形式，這取決于動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是否是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的。試比較：Do

you

have

anything

to

send?

你有什么東西要寄嗎？（動(dòng)詞不定式to

send所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是主語(yǔ)"you"）Do

you

have

anything

to

be

sent?

你有什么東西要（我或別人）寄嗎？（動(dòng)詞不定式to

be

sent所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是主語(yǔ)，而是"我"或"別人"）

如果動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有介詞，與被修飾的中心詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。The

Browns

have

a

comfortable

house

to

live

in.布朗一家有一所舒適的房子住。②主謂關(guān)系被修飾詞是動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式相當(dāng)于關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句。We

need

someone

to

help

with

the

work.=We

need

someone

that

can

help

with

the

work.我們需要有人來(lái)幫忙做這項(xiàng)工作。In

our

school

she

is

the

only

student

to

attend

the

important

meeting.=In

our

school

she

is

the

only

student

that

is

to

attend

the

important

meeting.她是我們學(xué)校唯一一名要去參加這次重要會(huì)議的學(xué)生。③同位關(guān)系動(dòng)詞不定式說(shuō)明被修飾的詞語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。There

is

no

need

to

worry

about

tomorrow;

what

you

need

to

do

is

make

the

most

of

today.沒有必要擔(dān)心明天，你需要做的是充分利用今天。鏈高考

真題精練1.(天津高考)I

was

watching

the

clock

all

through

the

meeting,

as

I

had

a

train

___.CA.catching

B.caught

C.to

catch

D.to

be

caught【解析】句意：整個(gè)會(huì)議期間我一直在看鐘表，因?yàn)槲乙s火車。本空表示將來(lái)的、還沒發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，train

和catch之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且catch這一動(dòng)作由句子主語(yǔ)I發(fā)出，故選C。2.語(yǔ)法填空①(四川高考)The

airport

________________（complete）

next

year

will

help

promote

tourism

in

this

area.to

be

completed【解析】句意：明年竣工的機(jī)場(chǎng)將有助于推動(dòng)這個(gè)地區(qū)旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。由next

year可知，空處所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，故用動(dòng)詞不定式；又因?yàn)閏omplete與The

airport之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。②(重慶高考)We're

having

a

meeting

in

half

an

hour.

The

decision____________

（make）

at

the

meeting

will

influence

the

future

of

our

company.to

be

made【解析】根據(jù)前面的"We're

having

a

meeting

in

half

an

hour"可知，會(huì)議還沒開始，故The

decision后面的定語(yǔ)應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；又因?yàn)閙ake與The

decision之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此要用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式。5.作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式可用作目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。（1）作目的狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，一般放在句子后部，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可位于句首；其前可加in

order和so

as，但加so

as

時(shí)不能放在句首。I

came

here

to

say

goodbye

to

you.我來(lái)這兒是為了向你告別。He

ran

fast

all

the

way

so

as

to/in

order

to

catch

the

first

bus.他一路快速奔跑以便趕上第一班公共汽車。In

order

to

pass

the

exam,

he

studied

hard

till

midnight.為了通過(guò)考試，他努力學(xué)習(xí)到半夜。鏈高考

真題精練語(yǔ)法填空(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)For

thousands

of

years,

people

have

told

fables（寓言）_________（teach）

a

lesson

or

to

pass

on

wisdom.to

teach【解析】句意：幾千年來(lái)，人們講述寓言，目的是給人以教訓(xùn)或傳遞智慧?？仗幾髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。注意：后面的"or

to

pass"也是提示。（2）作原因狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式常跟在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞和動(dòng)詞-ed轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的形容詞之后，用來(lái)說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生某種情緒或作出某種評(píng)價(jià)的原因。此類詞有happy、lucky、surprised、sorry、glad、delighted、eager、anxious、ready、foolish、interested、careless等。We're

quite

glad

to

meet

you

here.我們很高興在這兒見到你。They

were

very

surprised

to

be

informed

of

the

news.得知這個(gè)消息他們很吃驚。You

were

careless

to

leave

your

bike

unlocked.放下自行車不鎖，你真粗心。鏈高考

真題精練語(yǔ)法填空(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)The

old

man

sat

in

front

of

the

television

every

evening,

happy

__________（watch）anything

that

happened

to

be

on.to

watch【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容在句中作狀語(yǔ),形容詞happy后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)，表示高興的原因。（3）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用于too...to

do

sth.、so

...as

to

do

sth.、such...as

to

do

sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。若表示意想不到或是不愉快的結(jié)果，則常在動(dòng)詞不定式前加only。She

was

so

excited

as

to

be

unable

to

say

a

word.她激動(dòng)得一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。He

got

to

the

station

only

to

be

told

the

train

had

gone.他到了車站，卻被告知火車已經(jīng)開走了。

動(dòng)詞-ing（短語(yǔ)）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)多表示自然而然的結(jié)果。Jack

has

made

great

progress，making

his

parents

very

happy.杰克取得了巨大的進(jìn)步，這讓他的父母很高興。鏈高考

真題精練語(yǔ)法填空(天津高考)Anxiously,

she

took

the

dress

out

of

the

package

and

tried

it

on,

only

________（find）

it

didn't

fit.to

find【解析】句意：她迫不及待地從包裹里拿出裙子并試穿了一下，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。動(dòng)詞不定式常與only連用表示意料之外或使人不愉快的結(jié)果。6.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（1）ask、tell、invite、get、advise、allow、want、permit、warn、order、encourage、prefer、expect、force、wish、beg等表示命令、教導(dǎo)、要求、意向、允許、警告等意義的動(dòng)詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。My

teacher

encouraged

me

to

study

German.我的老師鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)習(xí)德語(yǔ)。Her

parents

don't

allow

her

to

go

out

at

night.她父母不允許她晚上出去。（2）believe、consider、declare、find、imagine、judge、prove、think等表示意見、認(rèn)可、判斷、料想、聲明等意義的動(dòng)詞后常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。I

believe

him

to

be

honest.我相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。They

found

him

to

be

charming.他們覺得他很有魅力。鏈高考

真題精練語(yǔ)法填空(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Writing

was

so

difficult

and

painful

for

me

that

my

teacher

had

allowed

me

___________（present）

my

paper

on

the

sinking

of

the

Titanic

by

acting

out

a

play,

where

I

played

all

the

parts.to

present【解析】此處allow

sb.

to

do

sth.為固定搭配，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

有些感官（短語(yǔ)）動(dòng)詞（如feel,

hear,

listen

to,

see,

look

at,

watch,

notice）和使役動(dòng)詞（如make,

have,

let）后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，to經(jīng)常被省略。但被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中需加上to。It's

quite

interesting

to

look

at

other

people

play

chess.

看別人下棋很有趣。The

teacher

made

me

wait

while

she

was

talking

to

other

students.（=I

was

made

by

the

teacher

to

wait

while

she

was

talking

to

other

students.）老師在她和其他同學(xué)談話時(shí)讓我等著。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3

"疑問詞/whether+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)（1）常見的疑問詞：疑問代詞who、what（無(wú)選擇范圍）、which（有選擇范圍）和疑問副詞how、when、where。（2）語(yǔ)法功能：作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。（3）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。（4）該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。How

to

improve

English

is

often

discussed

among

the

students.這些學(xué)生們經(jīng)常討論如何提高英語(yǔ)水平。（作主語(yǔ)）The

key

to

successful

small

talk

is

learning

how

to

connect

with

others,

not

just

communicate

with

them.

成功閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會(huì)如何與他人產(chǎn)生共鳴，而不僅僅是與他們溝通。（作賓語(yǔ)）（鏈高考|全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）This

room

is

too

small.

The

problem

now

is

where

to

put

this

bookshelf.

這間屋子太小了。現(xiàn)在的問題是該把這個(gè)書架放在哪兒。（作表語(yǔ)）I

have

no

idea

when

to

tell

her

the

bad

news.

我不知道什么時(shí)候告訴她這個(gè)壞消息。（作同位語(yǔ)）鏈高考

真題精練語(yǔ)法填空(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)So,

it's

been

useful

to

know

how_________（cover）

up

holes

and

repaint

a

room

to

avoid

any

charges

when

I've

moved

out.to

cover【解析】句意：當(dāng)我搬出去時(shí)，為避免產(chǎn)生任何費(fèi)用，知道如何掩蓋洞和重新粉刷房間很有用。"how

___

（cover）

up"是"疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作know的賓語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)法練

專項(xiàng)提升Ⅰ

用括號(hào)內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2023·浙江1月)Often,

they'll

end

up

filling

the

area

with

small

stones

and

using

chemicals

__________

（control）

weeds.to

control2.(北京高考)He

reached

inside

and

pulled

the

wallet

out

hoping

to

find

some

ID

so

he

could

contact（聯(lián)系）

the

driver,

only

____________（discover）

it

contained

￡400

in

notes.to

discover3.The

ability

___________（express）an

idea

is

as

important

as

the

idea

itself.to

express4.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)The

program

aims

________（help）

students

develop

science

skills,

environmental

awareness,

and

healthy

lifestyles.to

help5.The

activity

is

scheduled

to

be

held

on

May

15

in

the

form

of

class

meetings,

which

will

be

a

good

opportunity

_________（learn）

about

traditional

Chinese

culture.to

learn6.Please

let

me

know

where

the

meeting

is

___________（hold）tomorrow.7.(2023·浙江1月)But

no

matter

when

you

travel,

it's

a

good

idea_________（make）

your

reservations

at

least

90

days

in

advance.to

be

heldto

make8.(全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)He

is

the

first

Chinese

citizen

________（win）

this

award.to

win9.(2023·浙江1月)____________（calculate）

your

speed

as

you

do,

divide

3,600

（the

number

of

seconds

in

an

hour）

by

the

number

of

seconds

it

takes

you

_________（travel）

one

mile

（the

distance

between

two

mileposts）.To

calculateto

travel10.The

next

time

you

are

deciding

on

what_________（wear）or

what

color

to

decorate

your

room,

think

about

the

color

carefully.to

wearⅡ

語(yǔ)法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Nowadays,

Chinese

is

becoming

more

and

more

popular

among

foreign

kids.

But

Chinese

can

be

more

difficult

1.

.（learn）.Although

many

foreign

kids

think

that

Chinese

characters（漢字）

have

too

many

strokes（筆畫），

they

still

want

to

learn

them.

Some

students

in

South

Korea

begin

to

learn2.

.

（write）

Chinese

characters

on

their

first

day

at

school.3.

.（help）

students

learn

Chinese，South

Korea

holds

competitions

for

high

school

students

every

year.to

learnto

writeTo

help

The

Ministry

of

Education

in

our

country

4.

.（say）

in

an

interview

that

last

year,

more

than

20

million

people

abroad

5.

.（learn）

Chinese.

Some

even

try6.

.（write）

and

speak

in

a

Chinese

way

in

their

spare

time.

China

is

developing

7.

.

fast

that

foreign

countries

want

8.

.

（understand）

China

better

so

as

to

help

them

with

their

business.

The

Chinese

government

is

also

helping

the

world

learn

Chinese.

Nowadays,

more

and

more

Confucius

Institutes

9.

.

（set）

up

in

foreign

countries.

By

the

end

of

2020,

more

than

180

countries

and

regions

10.

.（introduce）

Chinese

language

education.saidwere

learningto

writesoto

understandare

being

sethad

introduced寫作方法指導(dǎo)如何寫非正式的電子郵件

電子郵件一般篇幅短小，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔明了，這樣既便于閱讀，又能使意思更清楚。如果內(nèi)容較多，可就重點(diǎn)部分做一些介紹，而把詳細(xì)內(nèi)容以"附件"的形式發(fā)出。電子郵件一般包括以下幾個(gè)部分：收件人在"收件人"框中輸入收件人的電子郵箱主題欄郵件內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)要概括——一個(gè)單詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)完整的句子正文（正文包括稱呼、開頭語(yǔ)、主體、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、結(jié)尾語(yǔ)和署名。）（1）稱呼：自成一行，頂格寫。收件人多是熟悉的人，可以直呼其名。但如果是發(fā)給老師、長(zhǎng)輩或上級(jí)的郵件，最好在稱呼前加上稱謂、職位或頭銜，可用Doctor，Professor等，如Professor

Li。男性用Mr；女性可用Miss（未婚），Mrs（已婚），

Ms（不知婚否）。如果不知道收信人是男是女，可以用"Dear

Sir

or

Madam"。（2）開頭語(yǔ)：可先表達(dá)思念之情、詢問近況等，也可直接開門見山引入話題，指出寫信的目的。續(xù)表正文（正文包括稱呼、開頭語(yǔ)、主體、結(jié)束語(yǔ)、結(jié)尾語(yǔ)和署名。）（3）主體：針對(duì)話題展開詳細(xì)敘述。比如介紹自己的生活或?qū)W習(xí)近況，針對(duì)某問題提出幾點(diǎn)建議，告知某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的具體信息等。（4）結(jié)束語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)氣要友好。（5）結(jié)尾語(yǔ)：大多數(shù)人會(huì)在自己的名字前寫結(jié)尾語(yǔ)，如Yours

sincerely/faithfully/truly,

Sincerely

yours,

Yours等。（6）署名：即寫信人的名字，寫在結(jié)尾語(yǔ)的下一行。續(xù)表常用表達(dá)1.開頭語(yǔ)Hi,

there!/How

are

you

doing?/How

are

things

going

on?How

are

you

getting

on

with

your

health/work/study?As

I

have

not

heard

from

you

for

long,

I

feel

anxious.I

must

apologize

for

not

having

written

to

you

earlier.Please

pardon

my

not

replying

to

your

letter

earlier.I

feel

very

sorry

for

not

being

able

to

reply

to

your

last

letter.2.引入話題I'm

writing

to

invite

you

to...I'm

writing

to

inform

you

that...I'm

writing

to

tell

you

something

about...I'm

writing

to

introduce...to

you.3.描述重要信息The

exhibition

starts

at

7:00

and

ends

at

18:00

on

Sunday.Here

is

my

advice

on

how

to...Here,

I'd

like

to

offer

you

some

advice/tips

on

how

to...4.結(jié)束語(yǔ)Looking

forward

to

hearing

from

you

soon.Please

give

my

regards

to

your

family.Hope

you

will

have

a

pleasant

trip！/Wish

you

a

pleasant

journey！I

wish

you

a

happy

New

Year！Best

wishes/regards!巧運(yùn)用

典例詳析書面表達(dá)

假定你是高一新生李華，你的美國(guó)筆友David來(lái)信詢問你的近況，請(qǐng)你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.難忘的軍訓(xùn)；

2.結(jié)識(shí)的新朋友，遇到的新老師；

3.個(gè)人感悟。注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：軍訓(xùn)

military

trainingDear

David,__Yours,Li

HuaA

教你審題

本篇書面表達(dá)是一篇關(guān)于向好友描述近況的應(yīng)用文，同學(xué)們需要用英語(yǔ)將提供的信息完整流暢地表達(dá)出來(lái)。寫作時(shí)需要用第一人稱、第三人稱，時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，一般過(guò)去時(shí)為輔。B

教你選詞1.在……的開始

_____________________2.增強(qiáng)……的體質(zhì)___________________3.提供做某事的機(jī)會(huì)_______________________________4.全面，深入_________5.關(guān)于，至于_______6.適應(yīng)_________at

the

beginning

of...build

sb./oneself

upprovide

opportunities

to

do

sth.in

depthas

foradapt

toC

教你造句1.我感到很累。____________2.它增強(qiáng)了我的體質(zhì)，考驗(yàn)了我的意志。__________________________________3.新的學(xué)校生活提供了結(jié)交新朋友的機(jī)會(huì)。_________________________________________________________4.可以與新朋友深入交流意見。_________________________________________________5.有各種各樣的課外活動(dòng)，它們可以極大地豐富我的學(xué)校生活。______________________________________________________________________________I

was

tired.It

built

me

up

and

tested

my

will.New

school

life

provides

opportunities

to

make

new

friends.Views

can

be

exchanged

in

depth

with

new

friends.There

are

various

after-school

activities,

which

can

greatly

enrich

my

school

life.D

教你升級(jí)1.用even

though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句合并句1和句2?！敬鸢浮縀ven

though

I

was

tired,

it

built

me

up

and

tested

my

will.2.用定語(yǔ)從句合并句3和句4?！敬鸢浮縉ew

school

life

provides

opportunities

to

make

new

friends,

with

whom

views

can

be

exchanged

in

depth.E

教你成篇Dear

David,

I'm

glad

to

receive

your

letter

asking

me

about

my

high

school

life.

At

the

beginning

of

this

new

term,

a

strict

but

exciting

seven-day

military

training

was

held.

Even

though

I

was

tired,

it

built

me

up

and

tested

my

will.

New

school

life

provides

opportunities

to

make

new

friends,

with

whom

views

can

be

exchanged

in

depth.

Besides,

there

are

various

after-school

activities,

which

can

greatly

enrich

my

school

life【*】.

As

for

my

new

teachers,

it

seems

that

they

all

can

make

their

lessons

lovely

and

interesting.

As

you

can

see,

the

new

life

is

really

challenging,

and

I'm

adapting

to

it.

How

about

you?

Best

regards!Yours,Li

Hua［名師點(diǎn)評(píng)］范文內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫。文中連接詞、高級(jí)短語(yǔ)和高級(jí)句式的運(yùn)用顯示了作者較高的語(yǔ)言駕馭能力?！?】which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which指代前面的整個(gè)句子。［總結(jié)］

范文中使用的本單元新學(xué)表達(dá)：詞匯_____________________________句式_______________________語(yǔ)法__________________________challenging、various、adapt

to"make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)提能力

遷移訓(xùn)練書面表達(dá)

(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)假定你是校排球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)李華。請(qǐng)寫封郵件告知你的隊(duì)友Chris球隊(duì)近期將參加比賽，內(nèi)容包括：

1.比賽信息；

2.賽前準(zhǔn)備；

3.表達(dá)期待。注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。__【參考答案】Dear

Chris,

Are

you

excited

about

our

coming

volleyball

game

against

Yucai

Middle

School

next

Friday?

Here

I'd

like

to

inform

you

of

some

detailed

information

so

that

you

can

make

full

preparations

for

it.

First

and

foremost,

the

competition

will

begin

at

2

pm

in

our

school

stadium.

The

game

is

so

important

that

everyone

is

required

to

show

up

on

time.

Further,

it

is

necessary

for

you

to

take

a

good

rest,

which

will

make

you

refreshed

and

energetic.

I

hope

you

can

go

all

out

for

it

and

I

firmly

believe

hard

work

will

pay

off!

Looking

forward

to

our

victory!Yours

truly,Li

Hua高考題型突破如何做細(xì)節(jié)理解題真題在線

閱讀理解(2023·浙江1月)Explorers

Camp●Full

day

camp

for

kids

aged

5-13.●Monday-Friday,

July

8-26,

9

am-4

pm.Week

1

|

July

8-12Week

2

|

July

15-19Week

3

|

July

22-26

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了探險(xiǎn)家營(yíng)地的相關(guān)信息。21.On

which

of

the

following

dates

can

you

cancel

your

registration

with

a

full

refund?(

)

AA.June

12.

B.June

22.

C.July

19.

D.July

26.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章開頭部分中的"The

last

day

to

cancel

registration

and

receive

a

full

refund

（退款）

is

June

15

"可知，取消注冊(cè)并獲得全額退款的最后一天是6月15日，再對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知，你可以在6月12日取消注冊(cè)并全額退款。22.How

are

campers

divided

into

different

groups?(

)

DA.By

gender.

B.By

nationality.

C.By

interest.

D.By

age.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Camp

Structure部分中的"The

day

is

divided

into

two

thematic

sessions

per

age

group"可知，露營(yíng)者按年齡劃分成不同的小組。23.How

many

hours

of

class

will

you

have

altogether

if

you

register

for

a

single

week?(

)

CA.15.

B.21.

C.30.

D.42.【解析】數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)文章開頭部分中的"Monday-Friday,

July

8-26,

9

am-4

pm"可知，每周安排5天的活動(dòng)；又根據(jù)Camp

Structure部分中的"Campers

have

a

three-hour

morning

class…an

afternoon

theme

（1

pm

to

4

pm）"可知，露營(yíng)者上午的課程是從上午9點(diǎn)到中午12點(diǎn)，下午的課程是從下午1點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn)，即全天有6個(gè)小時(shí)的課程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注冊(cè)一周，你總共有30個(gè)小時(shí)的課程。詞語(yǔ)摘抄①register

for為……注冊(cè)（或登記）；報(bào)考……register

/?red??st?（r）/

vt.&

vi.

登記，注冊(cè)n.［C］登記簿，登記表②multiple

/?m?lt?pl/

adj.數(shù)量多的，多種多樣的③fee/fi:/

n.［C］費(fèi)，費(fèi)用；酬金④structure

/?str?kt??（r）/

熟詞生義

n.［U，C］周密安排⑤thematic

/θ??m?t?k/

adj.主題的，專題的拓展

theme

n.［C］主題，題目，主題思想⑥session

/?se?n/

n.［C］（某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的）一段時(shí)間，一場(chǎng)；一節(jié)；會(huì)議⑦engage

with認(rèn)真關(guān)注⑧snack

/sn?k/

n.［C］點(diǎn)心，小吃⑨a

range

of一系列range

/re?nd?/n.

［C,

usually

sing.］一系列⑩emphasize

/?emf?sa?z/

vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，重視；使突出?be

tailored

to為……專門制作tailor

vt.專門制作，定做?staff

/stɑ:f/

n.［C，U］員工?passionate

/?p???n?t/

adj.熱情的passion/?p??n/n.［C,

U］強(qiáng)烈的情感，激情；［C］強(qiáng)烈的愛好，熱愛?undergo

/??nd??ɡ??/

vt.經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受難句突破1.Campers

have

a

three-hour

morning

class

engaging

with

a

morning

theme

（9

am

to

12

noon）

（動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾a

three-hour

morning

class）and

a

one-hour

lunch

break,

followed

by

another

three-hour

class

engaging

with

an

afternoon

theme（1

pm

to

4

pm）（動(dòng)詞-ed短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),其中engaging...（1

pm

to

4

pm）為動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾another

three-hour

class.）［譯文］露營(yíng)者上午有三個(gè)小時(shí)的特定主題課程（上午9點(diǎn)到中午12點(diǎn)）和一小時(shí)的午餐休息時(shí)間，然后下午是另外三個(gè)小時(shí)的特定主題課程（下午1點(diǎn)到下午4點(diǎn)）。2.Campers

enjoy

a

staff-to-child

ratio

ranging

from

1:4

to

1:7（動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾a

staff-to-child

ratio）depending

on

the

age

group（動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ).）［譯文］員工與孩子的比例根據(jù)年齡組別而定，從1∶4至1∶7不等。通方法

技巧點(diǎn)撥如何做細(xì)節(jié)理解題

細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是指原文提到了某事物、某現(xiàn)象或某理論，題干針對(duì)原文的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問（如who、when、where、which、why、what、how

many和how

much等）。該題型已由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單地從文中找到相應(yīng)細(xì)節(jié)直接得出答案轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換間接得出答案來(lái)考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，因此難度呈上升趨勢(shì)。一、題型特點(diǎn)題型特點(diǎn)直接信息題在原文中可直接找到答案，不需要對(duì)信息進(jìn)行分析、概括或推理判斷。綜合細(xì)節(jié)題1.在原文中找不到與正確選項(xiàng)相同的詞語(yǔ)或句子；2.常利用同義詞、近義詞或反義詞替換的方式來(lái)增加題干或選項(xiàng)的干擾性；3.命題方式較為概括，需要?dú)w納信息后才能得出答案。數(shù)字計(jì)算題主要考查對(duì)具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的定位和識(shí)別，涉及簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。二、解題技巧1.直接信息題

做此類題時(shí)，可以采取以下步驟，快速解題：Step

1：閱讀題干,找到關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵信息,明確答題方向；Step

2：運(yùn)用略讀及查閱技巧在文中迅速找到相關(guān)信息詞或信息句；Step

3：比較選項(xiàng)和原文信息,鎖定正確答案。

如上面的第21題，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵信息cancel

your

registration

with

a

full

refund，可以定位到語(yǔ)篇開頭部分中的"The

last

day

to

cancel

registration

and

receive

a

full

refund（退款）

is

June

15"，由此即可得到正確答案。2.綜合細(xì)節(jié)題

做這類題時(shí)，需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理，然后再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推理或鑒別，這是介于直接信息題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型，有一定難度。3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題

此類試題是在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出來(lái)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，但要經(jīng)過(guò)具體的計(jì)算才能得出正確答案的題。解題方法如下：Step

1：明確題干中的條件,弄清題干問的是什么；Step

2：快速定位到文章中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)；Step

3：進(jìn)一步分析這些數(shù)據(jù),弄清其中的邏輯關(guān)系,結(jié)合題干確定所需數(shù)據(jù)與計(jì)算方法,得出正確答案。

如上面的第23題。題干詢問如果注冊(cè)一周，總共有多少課時(shí)。根據(jù)原文開頭部分中的"Monday-Friday,

July

8-26,

9

am-4

pm"可知，每周安排5天的活動(dòng)；又根據(jù)Camp

Structure部分中的"Campers

have

a

three-hour

morning

class…an

afternoon

theme

（1

pm

to

4

pm）"可知，全天有6個(gè)小時(shí)的課程。5*6=30。由此即可得到正確答案。

細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解題中所占比例較大，是易得分的題型。這一題型主要考查考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的捕捉、理解和分析能力，體現(xiàn)了"語(yǔ)言能力"這一學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)。提能力

遷移訓(xùn)練閱讀理解

Here

comes

4

most

popular

clubs

in

our

school!

Join

us,

and

we

will

help

you

to

find

your

own

shining

points

and

make

your

campus

life

enjoyable.

Yoga

Club

Yoga

not

only

improves

flexibility（柔韌性）,

but

also

helps

people

relax.

Students

will

have

the

chance

to

exercise

while

reducing

some

stress

from

life.

The

club

will

be

open

to

10-16

members

from

Grade

7

to

Grade

12,

and

will

meet

once

weekly

（on

Tuesday）.

Basketball

Club

Students

will

be

able

to

develop

their

basketball

skills

and

have

the

opportunity

to

compete

in

basketball

games

with

members

from

other

international

schools.

The

club

will

be

open

to

10-16

members

from

Grade

5

to

Grade

8,

and

will

practice

twice

weekly.

Public

Speaking

Club

The

Public

Speaking

Club

will

be

centered

around

the

personal

development

of

students

along

with

developing

public

speaking

skills.

The

club

will

focus

on

all

skills

in

giving

better

speeches

and

improving

communication

skills.

The

club

will

be

open

to

10-12

members

from

Grade

7

to

Grade

12,

and

will

meet

once

weekly

（on

Wednesday）.

Media

Club

The

Media

Club

teaches

students

the

basics

of

journalism.

The

club

has

a

wide

range

of

activities

like

interviewing

teachers

and

students,

writing

about

big

events

on

campus,

and

operating

the

weekly

school

radio

broadcasts.

The

club

will

be

open

to

8-12

members

from

Grade

6

to

Grade

12

and

will

meet

once

weekly

（on

Monday）.

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了學(xué)校最受歡迎的四個(gè)俱樂部的相關(guān)信息。1.Which

of

the

following

students

can

join

the

Yoga

Club?(

)

CA.Fifth

grade

students.

B.Sixth

grade

students.C.Eighth

grade

students.

D.Third

grade

students.【解析】綜合細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Yoga

Club部分中的"The

club

will

be

open

to

10-16

members

from

Grade

7

to

Grade

12"可知，該俱樂部將對(duì)7至12年級(jí)的學(xué)生開放。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，只有C項(xiàng)在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)。2.How

often

do

the

members

of

the

Basketball

Club

practice?(

)

BA.Once

a

week.

B.Twice

a

week.C.Three

times

a

week.

D.Four

times

a

week.【解析】直接信息題。根據(jù)Basketball

Club部分中的"The

club

will

be

open

to

10-16

members

from

Grade

5