新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2（思政智慧版） 課件 B2U3 Unit3 The young generation making a difference Section B

Unit3Theyounggeneration:makingadifference讀寫教程2Youthsshouldberespected.Howdoweknowthattheirfuturewillnotbeasgoodaswearenow?—TheAnalects后生可畏，焉知來者之不如今也？——《論語》SectionBReadingskillsDetailedstudyofthetextReading

comprehensionCollocation新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2SectionBPredictingtheauthor’sideasOnewaytoreadeffectivelyistopredict.Makingpredictionsoranticipatingtheauthor’snextpointisanimportantskillinactivereading.Althoughyoumaynotbeabletopredicteverydetailandtheauthormaysurpriseyouwithunexpectedideas,youcanoftenanticipatethegeneraldirectioninwhichtheauthorisgoing.Makingpredictionswhileyoureadkeepsyourmindalertandinvolvedwiththereadingpassage.It’sawaytodouble-check新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2ReadingskillsSectionBPredictingtheauthor’sideasyourcomprehensionofwhatyou’vereadsofar,anditcanbeagreataidtounderstandingwhatcomesnext.Let’sreadthefirsttwoparagraphsinTextA.IfIaskyou,“Haveyoueverusedinstantmessagingapps?”,youwouldprobablyrespond,“It’samust.”Yes,peopletakeitforgrantedbecausetheseappshavealreadybecomepartoftheir新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2ReadingskillsSectionBPredictingtheauthor’sideasdailylife.Theywouldratheruseinstantmessagingthanemailtoconducttheirdailyactivities.Theappsoffereverythingfromfreevideocallsandinstantgroupchatstonewsupdatesandeasyaccesstolargemultimediafiles.Inadditiontothechatservice,peopleareaccustomedtousingtheappstoshoponline,payforgoodsatstores,settleutilitybills,andattendonlinemeetings,justwithafewtaps.It’snoexaggerationtosaythatlifeinChina新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2ReadingskillsSectionBPredictingtheauthor’sideastodaywouldbeunthinkablewithoutinstantmessagingapps.(Para.1)Butwhatmakestheseappstickwiththemasses?Youmayshrugyourshoulders.Hereisthesecretsauce…(Para.2)Whenreadingthefirstsentence,youcanpredictrightawaythatthetextisaboutinstantmessagingapps.Youmayask“Why新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2ReadingskillsSectionBPredictingtheauthor’sideascouldtheanswerbesosure?”andgoonpredictingthepossiblereasonsforthat.Yourpredictioncouldberightorwrong,butthiswon’tbeknowntillthenextsentence:“Yes,peopletakeitforgrantedbecausetheseappshavealreadybecomepartoftheirdailylife.”Therefore,youalwaysadjustorcorrectwhatyoupredicted,whichhelpsyoubettercomprehendthetext.Youkeepaskingquestions,forexample,“Howhavetheseappsbecome新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2ReadingskillsPredictingtheauthor’sideaspartofourdailylife?”.Youcanfindtheanswerrightthereinthefollowingsentences,namelythevarioususesoftheapps.Assoonasyouread“whatmakestheseappstickwiththemasses?”,youcanimmediatelypredictthatwhatfollowsisathesisstatement.Somakingpredictionsisoftenatwo-waycommunicationsinceyouneedtointeractwiththetextfromtimetotimeinthereadingprocess.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2ReadingskillsSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Readingskills1Trytopredictthegeneraldirectionoftheauthor’sthinkinginTextB.Thereareafewmultiple-choicequestionsinthetexttoguideyourcomprehension.Besuretoanswerthembeforeyougoontothenextsectionofthereading.Remember:Beingaccurateinyourpredictionsisn’tasimportantastheprocessofmakingpredictions.

SectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程21Today’syounggenerationsimplycan’timagineaworldwithouttheInternetorcellphones.Theyaregiftedwithtechnologyandcrazyabout

artificialintelligence.However,thisisjustoneoftheiruniquecharacteristics.Theyarealsoknownasagenerationthatisvisual,idealistic,andglobal.UnderstandingtheyounggenerationDetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Societyhasbeenmakinglittlenoisesaboutthisparticulargroup,throwingcriticismalongtheirwaytomaturity.Nomatterwhetherthesenoisesarevalidornot,tofullytapintotheirstrengthsandresourcefulness,weneedtobepatient,communicative,andunderstanding.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Prediction1Afterreadingthetitleandthefirstparagraph,youprobablythinktheremainingpartofthereadingmightbeabout____.AthepublicopinionsabouttheyounggenerationBthesuccessstoriesoftheyounggenerationCthewaystogetalongwiththeyounggenerationDetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程22Tostartwith,wemustbepatientwiththeyounggeneration,orsomeunexpectedincidentsmayoccur.Occasionally,wedoseesomeyoungpeoplewhoarenotconsiderateofothers.Thefollowinganecdotemay,inaway,serveasproofandillustratethischaracteristicsomeyoungpeoplepossess.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程23

Stayingatourcottagerecently,myhusbandandIwerejoinedbymy20-year-oldnieceandherthreebestbuddiesforfourdays.Welistenedalottotheirdreamsandschemes,aswellastheirself-evaluations.Weweresoamazedattheirperceptiveviews,theirbroadknowledgeoftheworld,andtheirimpressivecapabilitytousetheircellphones.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程24Theyoungladiesdecidedtohaveabeachfireandspenttheeveningchattingandrenewingfriendships.Theyundoubtedlyhadalotoffunatthebeachthatnight,butthenextday,whenmyhusbandtriedtobuildafireforme,gosh,hediscovered,ratherthandraggingfirelogstothebeach,thegirlshadburnedeverypieceofkindlinginthegarage–somethinghehadspenttwodayssplittinglogstocreate!DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Prediction2AfterreadingParas.2-4,youknowwhathappenedtothecouple.Whetherthegirlsdiditintentionallyorunintentionally,thedisappointmentattheirinconsiderationisforsure.Whatwillbethepossibleresponseofthecoupletobestatedinthenextparagraph?ATheycriticizedthegirls.BTheywouldforgivethegirls.CTheyaskedthegirlstoleave.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程25Thoughalittleoffended,myhusbanddidn’tcomplainatall.Lookingatthesecheerfulyoungladies,hewhisperedinmyear,“Youknowtheywerebornandgrewupinanentirelydifferentworldfromours,soweshouldbepatientenoughtowardtheirbehavior.Ibelievethey’llbecomemorematureandconsideratelateron.”He’sright.Beingpatientisthebeststrategyforhelpingyoungpeoplegrow.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程26Effectivecommunicationisalsoakeytothesolutionofanunpleasantoccurrence.Sometimes,peoplecriticizeyoungpeople’s“individualism”,condemningtheirself-centeredbehavior.Isthattrue?Yeah,sometimes.Butbeaware,that’sexactlythetimewhencommunicationisneeded.Fromanincidentthatisillustrativeofthischaracteristic,wecaninfertheremustbeacommunicationbreakdown.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程27Notlongago,weheldabarbecuetocelebrateaproductlaunch.Employeesorderedoneofthreeentréesinadvance.Guesswhat?Thefirstemployeesintheline,primarilyhungryyoungmen,helpedthemselvestoasmanyentréesastheywanted–sometookallthree.Consequently,thecaterer

ranoutoffoodbeforeallofouremployeescouldeat.MyhusbandandI,whousuallywaituntilwearesurealloftheemployeesgetfood,endedupeatingatalocalrestaurant.Sodidmanyofouremployeeswhomissedoutonthemeal.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Prediction3AfterreadingParas.6-7,youknowabouttheincidentatthebarbecue,wheresomeyoungemployeeshelpedthemselvestomorefoodthantheyshouldhave.Whatcommentscouldbepossiblyincludedinthenextparagraph?AThecompanyshouldgiveawarningtotheseemployees.BYoungemployeesneedtobemorematureandconsiderate.CSomethingcouldbedonetoavoidsuchhappeningsinthefuture.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程28Thisepisodeseemsanythingbut

incidental.Didtheseyoungindividualseverthinkaboutthepossibleconsequencesthatmightimpactothers?Inthisstory,no.Thentheactionismostlikelyimpulsive.Howcanweavoidthiskindofincident?Theansweris–bettercommunication.Asigncouldhaveremindedtheemployeesthattheywereassignedoneentrée,theonetheypre-ordered.Also,thecaterercouldhaveorallysentoutthemessagethattheycouldonlytakeoneortheirco-workerswouldgohungry.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程29Lastbutnotleast,toworksuccessfullywithyoungpeople,oldergenerationsneedtoshowmoreunderstanding.Unfortunately,theyounggenerationis,onalargescale,depictedasagroupthatlacksself-awareness.Itmightbetrue,butironically,sometimesoldergenerationscanhavethesameproblem.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程210Justyesterday,anelderlyemployeereportedtotheHRofficethattheyoungemployeesonherteamwerecommittingagediscrimination.Later,however,theHRmanagerfoundthattheywereactuallyhavingproblemsunderstandingeachother.Theelderlyemployeeassumedthathergreatexperiencewouldberespectedandherideaswouldbeimplementedbytheyoungemployees.However,theysomehowchallengedheropinionsandwantedtodotheprojectintheirownway.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Prediction4FromParas.9-10,youknowthatsometimesmisunderstandingoccursbetweenolderandyoungeremployeesintheworkplace.Thenextparagraphmightbeabout____.AadviceonhowtosolvetheproblemBinvestigationintowhosefaultitwasCblamingtheyoungemployeesfortheirinconsiderationDetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程211Topreventanelevationofthisconflict,theelderlyemployee,whowasusedtoautomaticrespectandtrustfrompeopleyoungenoughtobeherchildrenandgrandchildren,hadtolearnthatwhereastreatingeachotherwithmutualrespectintheworkplaceisamust,expectingyourideastobeinfluentialbecauseyouknowmoreisnotnecessarilyright.Ontheotherhand,theyoungemployeesneedtounderstandthattheycan’trejectanideawithoutfirstweighingitsmerits.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程212

Toconclude,whatthisyounggenerationexpectsfromusismorepatience,bettercommunication,anddeeperunderstanding.Toretaintheseextremelytalentedyoungpeopleatwork,employersshouldbeinspirationalandabletorecognizetheirprioritiesandimmediateneeds.SmartemployersdemonstratenotonlyIQbutalsoEQ–theyshareknowledgeandinformationyetunderstandemotionandnetworking.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Inthisenvironment,youngpeoplewillsurelyexcelandmakeacommitment.Theirreal

strengthsandresourcefulnesscan,therefore,besuccessfullytapped.DetailedstudyofthetextMeaning:

Fortheyoungpeopleoftoday,lifewithouttheInternetorcellphonesissimplyunthinkable.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

They’reverytalentedwithtechnologyandextremelyinterestedintheintelligenceofmachines,butthisisjustpartoftheirspecialqualities.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

begiftedwith:haveanaturalabilitytodocertainthingsverywell

在…方面有天賦（或才華）

Heisawriterwhoisundoubtedlygiftedwithasenseofhumor.他

無疑是一位富有幽默感的作家。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

becrazyabout:likesb.verymuchorbeveryinterestedinsth.

對…著迷；醉心于ThestudentsinthisschoolarecrazyabouttheEnglishversionsofShaanbeifolksongs.這所學校的學生對英文版的陜北民歌非常著迷。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

artificial:a.1)madeorproducedtocopysth.natural;notreal人造的；人工的；假的TheChinese“artificialsun”hasachievedacontinuoushightemperaturefor1,056seconds,thelongesttimeofoperationofitskindintheworldsofar.中國“人造太陽”實現(xiàn)持續(xù)高溫達1,056秒，是迄今為止世界上同類運行時間最長的。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程22)notwhatitappearstobe虛假的；假裝的Thereceptionist,thoughwearinganartificialsmile,seemedveryniceandfriendly.接待員雖然帶著虛假的微笑，但看起

來非常友善。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

intelligence:n.[U]1)theabilitytolearn,understand,andthinkaboutthings智力；

智慧；悟性；理解力Accordingtosomestudies,manypeoplewhohavedifficultiesinreadingactuallyhaveabove-averageintelligence.一些研究

發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多有閱讀困難的人實際上智力都在平均水平以上。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程22)

informationaboutthesecretactivitiesofforeigngovernments,themilitaryplansofanenemy,etc.情報；諜報TheFBIhasbeengatheringintelligencefromtheInternet.美

國聯(lián)邦調查局一直在因特網上收集情報。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

artificialintelligence:n.[U]thestudyofhowtomakecomputersdointelligentthingsthatpeoplecando,suchasthinkandmakedecisions人工智能TheWorldIntelligenceCongresskickedoffinChina,highlightingfrontierartificialintelligencetechnologiesandapplications.世界

智能大會在中國拉開帷幕，突出展示了前沿的人工智能技術

和應用。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

characteristic:n.[C,usu.pl.]aqualityorfeatureofsth.orsb.thatistypicalofthemandeasytorecognize（物或人的）特征，特性，特色Hisgoodjudgmentisthecharacteristicwhichhashadthegreatestimpactonhiscareer.他良好的判斷力是對他的職業(yè)

生涯影響最大的特點。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2a.verytypicalofaparticularthingorofsb.’scharacter典型的；

獨特的Hehascomeacrosssomesetbacks,butwithcharacteristicdetermination,heisgoingtotryagain.他遇到了一些挫折，但憑借其特有的毅力，他將再次嘗試。Detailedstudyofthetext新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenotecharacter,characteristic,feature1

這三個詞都可以用作名詞，都有“特性；特點”的意思，比

較容易混淆。

?character

指個人或集體的“品質；性格”，通常是自身素質

的體現(xiàn)，強調后天培養(yǎng)的結果。也可以指事物、事件或地方

的“特點；特性”。HospitalityistraditionallypartoftheChinesecharacter.熱情好客傳統(tǒng)上是中國人品格的一部分。SectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenoteThatmanhasafirmcharacternow,butinhisyouth,hischaracterwasweak.那個男人現(xiàn)在性格堅定，但他年輕時性格軟弱。Whentheybuiltashoppingmallinthecenterofthetown,thewholecharacteroftheplacewaschanged.他們在鎮(zhèn)中心建了一

座購物中心后，整個地方的特色都發(fā)生了改變。?characteristic用來描述人或事物的特征、特點，尤指恒定的特

征。與

character

相比較，characteristic

并不表示性格。它可

以描述外表，也可以描述內含的特質。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenoteSensibilityseemsacharacteristicofallthewritersofthatperiod.

感性似乎是那個時期所有作家的特點。Thebabywasattractedbythephysicalcharacteristicsofthewoodentoy.孩子被木制玩具的外形特征吸引了。?feature

表示“特征；特色”，通常是人或事物外表上最明顯的特征，即外形或重要性突出而引人注目的、能給人留下深

刻印象的特征。ThemountainsarecertainlythemostimportantfeatureofthisSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenotearea’slandscape.山脈無疑是這一地區(qū)景觀的最重要特征。Thespaciousgardensareaspecialfeatureofthishotel.寬敞的花

園是這家酒店的特色。Perhaps,themostunusualfeatureintheroomisanextraordinarypairofcandles.也許，房間里最不尋常的特色就是一對非凡的

蠟燭。2characteristic除了用作名詞之外，還可以作形容詞，表示“典型的；獨特的”，但character

和

feature都不可以作形容詞。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenote例如：Hospitalitywascharacteristicoftheirfamily,andtheyoftenentertainedasmanyas50guestsintheirhouse.好客是他們家的

特點，他們經常在家里招待多達50位客人。Hebattledhisillnesswithcharacteristiccourageanddisplayedapositiveattitudetotheend.他以特有的勇氣與疾病做斗爭，并

自始至終表現(xiàn)出一種積極態(tài)度。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenote3feature除了用作名詞之外，還可以用作動詞，但與

character、characteristic在詞義上相差大，所以不在此進行辨析。Meaning:

Theyareagenerationwhorepresentstheirideasinimages,aimsforperfection,andseestheworldfromaninternationalperspective.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

visual:a.(usu.beforenoun)relatingtoseeing視覺的；視力的

Experimentsinvisualperceptionhaveshownthatthemindhasagreatinfluenceonwhatwesee.視覺感知實驗表明，大腦對我們

所看到的東西有很大的影響。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextNoteUsually,visualmodifiesanoun,butitcanalsobeafteralinkingverb,liketheexampleinourtext,functioningasasubjectcomplement.Theusageisnotuncommonnowadays.Forexample,you’lloftenhearpeoplesay“I’mvisual”tomeantheyunderstandthingsbetterthroughseeingsomething,likepicturesorimages.SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

idealistic:a.believingthatyoushouldliveaccordingtohighstandardsandprinciples,eveniftheycannotreallybeachieved,orshowingthisbelief理想主義（者）的；空想的Whentheearthquakeoccurred,manyidealisticyoungdoctorswenttorescueimmediately.地震發(fā)生時，許多心懷理想主義的

年輕醫(yī)生立刻前往救援。DetailedstudyofthetextMeaning:Societyhasbeencriticizingthisspecialgroupwhilethey’retakingtheroadtopersonalgrowth.Meaningbeyondwords:Itcanbeinferredthatsomepeoplehavebeennegativeaboutyoungpeople.Theyshouldbemoregeneroustowardtheyounggenerationandgivethemenoughtimetobecomemature.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

maturity:n.[U]1)thequalityofbehavinginasensiblewaylikeanadult成熟

Theyoungspeakerhastheemotionalmaturityofa40-year-oldman.這位年輕的演講者在情感上像40歲男人一樣成熟。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程22)thetimeorstatewhensb.orsth.isfullygrownordeveloped

（人或物的）成熟（期）InvestorsshouldconsiderinvestinginChina,givenChina’ssize,uniqueness,increasingmaturity,anddiversificationbenefits.鑒于中國的規(guī)模、獨特性、日益成熟和多樣化收

益，投資者應考慮在中國投資。DetailedstudyofthetextMeaning:

Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherpubliccriticismisrightorwrong.Tomakefulluseoftheirstrengthsandtalents,wehavetobepatient,interactive,andunderstanding.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

valid:a.1)reasonableandgenerallyaccepted有根據(jù)的；令人信服的Ignoranceofthelawsisnotacceptedasavalidexcuseinanycountry.任何國家都不接受把對法律的無知作為令人信服的

借口。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程22)

thatislegallyorofficiallyacceptable（法律上）有效的；

（正式）認可的Accordingtoregulationssetbythestate,withoutavalidinternationaldriver’slicense,youmusttakeawrittentest.該

州規(guī)定，如無有效的國際駕駛執(zhí)照，您必須參加一次筆試。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2★

communicative:a.1)abletotalkeasilytootherpeople健談的；善于言談的Beingcommunicativeandpersistent,soonshewasabletodothejobwithoutdifficulty.由于她善于溝通又執(zhí)著，所以她很快能毫無困難地工作了。2)relatingtotheabilitytocommunicate,esp.inaforeignlanguage

（尤指外語）表達能力的Itrequiresagoodcommunicativeskilltobeabletosolvethisproblem.解決這個問題需要良好的表達技能。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextNoteAnalternativewaytodescribeapersonwhoisgoodatcommunicationisapeopleperson,meaningtheyareveryefficientincommunicatingwithothers.Sometimes,apeopleskillisusedtorefertothegoodcommunicationskill.Forexample:Mymanagerisapeopleperson,forshecangetalongwitheveryoneatwork.我的經理是個善于交際的人，因為她能跟每一個與其共事的人相處融洽。

SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextNoteMyfriendhasverygoodpeopleskills,sosheisgettingmorepopularnow.我朋友有很好的人際交往能力，所以她現(xiàn)在變得更受歡迎了。Meaning:

Tobeginwith,wehavetodealwithyoungpeoplepatiently;otherwise,someunexpectedincidentsmayhappen.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Sometimes,wedonoticethatsomeyoungpeoplearenotverythoughtful.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:

Toacertaindegree,thefollowingincidentcanbeusedasevidenceandexplainthisparticulartraitthatsomeyoungpeoplehave.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Detailedstudyofthetext★

proof:n.[C,U]facts,information,documents,etc.thatprovesth.istrue證明；證據(jù)Acopyrightistheproofofauthorshipthatgivesartistsprotectionagainstunauthorizeduseoftheiroriginalwork.版權

是作者身份的證明，可以保護藝術家，防止他人未經授權

使用其原創(chuàng)作品。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Detailedstudyofthetext★

illustrate:vt.makethemeaningofsth.clearerbygivingexamples（舉例）說明，闡明California’spopulationisoneofthebestexamplestoillustratediversity.加利福尼亞州的人口是能闡明多樣化的最佳范例

之一。Meaning:

My

husbandandIrecentlystayedtogetherwithmy20-year-oldnieceandherthreefriendsinoursmallhouseinthecountryforfourdays.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Detailedstudyofthetext★

buddy:n.[C](infml.)afriend朋友；伙伴

Myhighschoolbuddiesalwaysappreciatemyhelp,andtheyneverletmedown.我高中的朋友總是很感謝我對他們的幫助，

他們從不讓我失望。Meaning:

Welistenedalottotheirdreamsandplansandalsotheircommentsaboutthemselves.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Detailedstudyofthetext★

evaluation:n.[C,U]ajudgmentabouthowgood,useful,orsuccessfulsth.is評價；評估Thisisonlyaninitialevaluationoftheprogram;thatis,moreevaluationswillcomesoon.這只是對該計劃的初步評估；也

就是說，很快就會有更多的評估。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Detailedstudyofthetext★

self-evaluation:n.[C,U]theprocessoraninstanceofassessingoneselfandweighingupone’sachievements自我評

價

Attheendofeachcourse,studentsalsocompleteaself-evaluation,reflectingontheirgoalsandclassperformance.

在每門課程結束時，學生還要完成一項自我評估，以反思

他們的目標和課堂表現(xiàn)。Meaning:

Weweresosurprisedattheirinsightfulviewpoints,wideknowledgeabouttheworld,andunusualabilitytousetheircellphones.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Detailedstudyofthetext★

beamazedat:beverysurprisedat對…感到驚訝（或驚奇）Hisfriendsarealwaysamazedathisabilitytokeepworkingandhisoptimismaboutlife.他的朋友們總是對他持續(xù)工作的

能力和生活上的樂觀態(tài)度感到驚訝。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Detailedstudyofthetext★

perceptive:a.havingorshowingtheabilitytoseeorunderstandthingsquickly,esp.thingsthatarenotobvious理解

力強的；有洞察力的；思維敏捷的Mylittlesisterisalwaysveryquiet,butsheisverygoodatthinkingandalsoveryperceptive.我妹妹總是很安靜，但她很

善于思考，洞察力也很強。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Detailedstudyofthetext★

capability:n.[C]thenaturalability,skill,orpowerthatmakesamachine,person,ororganizationabletodosth.,esp.sth.difficult（尤指完成困難事情的）能力，才能

Children’sexperiencesduringthefirstfewyearsoflifeaffecttheirintellectualcapabilitylater.兒童最初幾年的生活經歷會

影響他們以后的智力。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenoteability,capacity,capability這三個名詞描述人的能力時可以互換使用，但也有細微差異。另外，capacity和

capability還可以描述人以外的其他事物的“能力”。1ability主要指人具有的從事體力或腦力勞動的能力。這種能

力一般與人相關，是某人已經具備的、能夠干好某件事的能

力。例如：Therearemusiciansofallabilitiesinthisorchestra.這支管弦樂SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenote

團里有具備各種專長的音樂家。Theyrepeatedlyquestionedhisleadershipabilities.他們多次質疑

他的領導能力。capacity可以用于描述人的能力，并且暗示這種能力是天生的。

例如：Itseemsthattofollowsimpleinstructionsisalreadybeyondhiscapacity.似乎遵循簡單的指示已經超出了他的能力范圍。Hisstrokelefthimunabletospeak,buthismentalcapacitywasn’tSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenoteaffected.中風使他無法說話，但他的心智能力沒有受到影響。capacity

主要用于表示公司的產能、場所的容量等。例如：Apparently,thisbreadfactoryisworkingatfullcapacity.顯然，

這家面包廠正在滿負荷運轉。Theregionisvaluedforitscoalandvastelectricity-generatingcapacity.該地區(qū)因其煤炭資源和巨大的發(fā)電能力而受到重視。Theseatingcapacityofthisstadiumisabout50,000.該體育場能容納大約五萬人。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenotecapability用于描述人的能力時，強調一種潛在的能力，指向

能力的極限。Shehasthecapabilityofbecominganexcellentteacher.她有能力成為一名出色的教師。Thesetestsarebeyondthecapabilityofanaverage12-year-old.

這些測試超出了一個普通12歲孩子的能力范圍。capability還可以指公司、國家等擁有的潛在的做某事的能力，

尤其用于指軍事能力。SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextUsagenoteThenewproductofthecompanywouldincreaseitscapabilitytogainawidermarket.新產品將增加該公司獲得更廣闊市場的能

力。Thistechnologyisvaluedforitscapabilitytosupplyenergyforourfuture.該技術能為我們的未來提供能源，因此受到重視。Thecountry’smilitarycapabilityhasgonedownbecauseitsairforcehasprovednottobeaneffectiveforce.該國的軍事能力已

經下降，因為他們的空軍已被證明不是一支有效的力量。Meaning:

Mynieceandherfriendsmadeadecisiontohaveanoutdoorfireatthebeach,andtheyspenttheeveningtheretalkingandfosteringtheirfriendships.新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBSectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Detailedstudyofthetext★

renew:vt.1)(fml.)begindoingsth.againafteraperiodofnotdoingit（中止后）重新開始，繼續(xù)Itwasasifhewantedtorenewourbrokenfriendship.他好

像想要恢復我們破裂的友誼。

SectionB新視野大學英語（第四版）讀寫教程2Detailedstudyofthetext2)arrangeforanagreementorofficialdocumenttocontinueforafurtherperiodoftime延長（協(xié)議或官方文件）的期限；使續(xù)期Whethermembersrenewtheirmembershipsisrelatedtohowsatisfiedtheyarewiththemembershipbenefits.會員是

否續(xù)訂會員資格與他們對會員福利的滿意程度有關。Meaning:

Unquestionably,thesegirlshadagoodtimeatthebeachthatevening,