專題14非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（原卷卷）-2023年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)詳解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是歷年中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的能力。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1.動(dòng)詞不定式；2.動(dòng)名詞；3.分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但同時(shí)仍保留動(dòng)詞某些特征的動(dòng)詞形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。構(gòu)成：to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞不定式作用：作除謂語(yǔ)外的任何成分構(gòu)成：v.ing/v.ed(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分詞作用：表、定、狀、補(bǔ)構(gòu)成：v.ing動(dòng)名詞作用：主、賓、表、定考向一：不定式1.動(dòng)詞不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，為避免＂頭重腳輕＂常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。常用句型有：①I(mǎi)tis+adj.+for/ofsb.+(not)todosth.意為＂做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是……＂。②Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.意為＂做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間＂Tomasteralanguageisnoteasy=Itisnoteasytomasteralanguage.學(xué)好一門(mén)語(yǔ)言是不容易的。作賓語(yǔ)常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：wouldlike,want,like,hope,wish,plan，decide,learn,agree,try,remember,forget,expect,refuse,afford,prefer,continue,promise,begin,start等think,find,believe等動(dòng)詞可用于＂動(dòng)詞+it+adj.+todosth.＂句型中。it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。Iwouldliketomakefriendswithyou.我想要和你交朋友。Ifinditdifficulttopassmymathexam.我發(fā)現(xiàn)要通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)考試很難。作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式放在名詞、代詞后作定語(yǔ)，兩者之間常有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此，如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)該加上相應(yīng)的介詞。常接不定式作定語(yǔ)的名詞有：time,need,way,chance,opportunity,courage,reason,effort,determination,decision,ability,ambitionCanyougivemeapentowritewith?能給我一只用于書(shū)寫(xiě)的筆嗎？Doyouhavesomethingtosay?你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎？作狀語(yǔ)不定式常可用作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞，表示行為的目的、結(jié)果和原因。Todoagoodjob,wemusthavetherighttools.要干好活工具要對(duì)頭。作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)。Mydreamistobeanengineer.我想成為一名工程師。2.不定式的特殊用法①使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，須省略to。此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、二聽(tīng)(hear,listento)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)、五幫(help)。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省略的to則要加上。②動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是nottodo，其被動(dòng)形式為tobedone。?Ourteacheraskedusnottoswimintheriveralone.我們老師要求我們不要獨(dú)自一人在河里游泳。③常接＂疑問(wèn)詞+帶to的不定式＂的動(dòng)詞有teach,show,tell,learn,findout,decide,know,forget等。?Mymothertaughtmehowtocookyesterday.昨天我媽媽教我如何做飯?？枷蚨簞?dòng)名詞（一）動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞是由＂動(dòng)詞+ing＂構(gòu)成，和現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特點(diǎn)。（二）動(dòng)名詞作用句子成分用法例句作主語(yǔ)單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)有：Itisnouse（good）+v.ing.Seeingisbelieving.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Itisnousearguingagain.再去爭(zhēng)吵也沒(méi)有用。作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)Herjobislookingafterthechildren.她的工作是照顧這些小孩子。作賓語(yǔ)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的詞有：avoid,finish,consider,giveup,cannothelp,allow,imagine,include,keep,mind,practice,suggest，succeedin,beusedtodo,lookforwardto,enjoy,bebusyNomatterwhathappened,Iwon’tgiveupachievingmydream.不管發(fā)生了什么事情，我都不會(huì)放棄去實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。作定語(yǔ)用于名詞前，起修飾說(shuō)明作用Thereisaswimmingpoolinherhome.她家有個(gè)游泳池。（三）動(dòng)名詞的特殊用法即可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,can’tbear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,neglect,try,deserve,can’tafford等動(dòng)詞。有時(shí)兩者之間的意義差別不大，但remember,regret,want,try等詞后差別比較明顯。考向三：分詞（一）現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞由v.+ing構(gòu)成，過(guò)去分詞v.+ed(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)構(gòu)成。（二）分詞的用法句子成分用法例句作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，有主動(dòng)的含義，過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成，有被動(dòng)的含義。Thecryingboyannoyedusalot.那個(gè)哭泣的男孩使我們很煩惱。作表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)Thestoryisinteresting.Iaminterestedinit.這個(gè)故事很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)Hecouldhearhisheartbeatingfast.他可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)自己的心臟跳得很快。作狀語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作，來(lái)對(duì)主語(yǔ)的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎?。Igothome,feelingverytired.我疲憊地回到家里。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題七大原則原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式。原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用ing。原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用ing或不定式，其區(qū)別是，一般用ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用ing的被動(dòng)式。原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或ing的完成式）。原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)：用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；用ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】后跟todo作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（詞組）(1)想要，拒絕，忘記(want/wouldlike,refuse,forget)(2)需要，努力，學(xué)習(xí)(need,try,learn)(3)喜歡，同意，幫助(like,agree,help)(4)希望，決定，開(kāi)始(hope/wish,decide,begin/start)【巧學(xué)妙記】巧記后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest)盼望(lookforwardto)習(xí)慣(beusedto)卻完畢(finish)想要(feellike)花費(fèi)(spend)去練習(xí)(practice)忍俊不禁(can’thelp)還介意(mind)1．（2022·江蘇南通·中考真題）Weshouldhaveahealthydiet,properexerciseandenoughsleep________fit.A．keeping B．tokeep C．keep D．kept2．（2022·吉林長(zhǎng)春·中考真題）________heavytraffic,pleasegetupandsetoutearly.A．Toavoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided3．（2022·湖南益陽(yáng)·中考真題）—Tom,doyouthinkreadingisimportant?—Yes,Ido.SoIdecide________moretimereadingfromnowon.A．spend B．tospend C．spending4．（2022·廣西玉林·中考真題）—Safetyesfirst!Everyoneshouldstopthekidsfrom________inthelakeorriver.—Lifeisvaluable.Kidsmustremember________theschoolrules.A．swim;tofollow B．swim;followingC．swimming;following D．swimming;tofollow5．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）Thehighschoolinvitedafamousscientist_______atalkonWorldEarthDay.A．giving B．togive C．give D．given6．（2022·廣西·中考真題）Ourteacheroftentellsus_________acrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightisred.A．go B．going C．don’tgo D．nottogo7．（2022·四川雅安·中考真題）Teenagersoftenlistentopopmusic_________.A．relax B．torelax C．relaxing D．relaxed8．（2022·黑龍江黑龍江·中考真題）Ourschooloftenadvisesthestudents,especiallyteenagegirls________somechoresathometohelpbusyparents.A．doing B．todo C．do9．（2022·黑龍江綏化·中考真題）—Weshoulddowhatwecan________thespreadofvirus(病毒).—Youareright.Wecanoftenwashhandsandwearmasks.A．prevent B．toprevent C．preventing10．（2022·黑龍江綏化·中考真題）—Itisconvenient________us________thingsonline.—Soitis.A．for;tobuy B．of;tobuy C．for;buy11．（2022·江蘇連云港·中考真題）Welearned________toworkasateambypletingthetask.A．what B．which C．how D．who12．（2022·貴州黔西·中考真題）Mostofthestudentsarelookingforwardto________themselvesaftertheexams.A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing13．（2022·廣西河池·中考真題）Iusuallyspendtime________inthelibraryonweekends.A．read B．reading C．reads D．toread14．（2022·黑龍江綏化·中考真題）Hollyprefersplayingthepianoto________theviolin.Listen!She________thepianoinherroom.A．play;isplaying B．playing;plays C．playing;isplaying15．（2022·黑龍江綏化·中考真題）Ifyouhavedifficulty________outtheproblem,youcanasktheteacherforhelp.A．work B．working C．towork16．（2022·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Mr.Chen,mykidissleeping.Wouldyoumind______yourradio?—Sorry.I’lldoitatonce.A．turningdown B．turndown C．turningup D．turnup17．（2022·四川達(dá)州·中考真題）—Hurryup,Jason!We’regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstillneed________.—Don’tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutes________enough.A．washing;are B．towash;are C．towash;is D．washing;is18．（2022·貴州黔東南·中考真題）Anoldman________onthesideoftheroadwasfound________,andhewassenttothehospitalbythebusdriverandpassengersimmediately.A．lies;dies B．lay;died C．lain;dead D．lying;dying19．（2022·黑龍江·中考真題）IsawLily________whenIpassedherroom.A．dance B．dancing C．todance20．（2022·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Doyouknowtherearemorethan3,000languages______intheworld?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A．speaking B．spoken C．speak D．spoke21．（2021·四川資陽(yáng)·中考真題）Weallneedtoknow________todoifthereisanearthquake.A．how B．what C．which D．whether22．（2021·西藏·中考真題）Hiscousinisahumorousman.Hemakesus________allthetime.A．laughs B．laughing C．tolaugh D．laugh23．（2021·江蘇南通·中考真題）Themunityworkerispatientenough________totheoldhowtouseHealthCode(碼).A．explain B．explains C．toexplain D．explaining24．（2021·湖南郴州·中考真題）Manyuniversitygraduatesgotoworkinthecountryside________villagersliveabetterlife.A．tohelp B．helping C．help25．（2021·四川廣元·中考真題）Theboyiscrazyaboutmusicandwealwayshearhim________inthemusicroom.A．tosing B．sings C．singing D．sing26．（2021·黑龍江大慶·中考真題）—Englishisdifficult________atthebeginning.—Yes,butifyoukeep________,youcanmakeprogress.A．tobelearned;trying B．tolearn;tryingC．tobelearned;totry D．tolearn;totry27．（2021·四川涼山·中考真題）—Hi!Alice,whyareyouinsuchahurry?—________mybestfriendfromCanadaattheairport.A．Meet B．Meeting C．Tomeet D．Met28．（2021·四川達(dá)州·中考真題）—Ms.Griffin,whatshouldwedo________stupidmistakesintheingexams?—Bemorecareful.A．a(chǎn)voidmake B．a(chǎn)voidingmaking C．a(chǎn)voidmaking D．toavoidmaking29．（2021·西藏·中考真題）Mymothersays________aglassofmilkeverydayisgoodforourhealth.A．drink B．todrink C．drinking D．drinks30．（2021·廣西柳州·中考真題）Alicecouldn’tmakeherself________attentiontobecauseherclassmatesmadesomuchnoise.A．pay B．paid C．paying1．（2022·貴州畢節(jié)·九年級(jí)期末）—What’sthematterwithBob?—Hewasn’tallowed________withhisclassmates.A．goingout B．wentout C．goesout D．togoout2．（2022·貴州畢節(jié)·九年級(jí)期末）Whatniceglovestheyare!Ican’tdecide________.A．tobuywhichone B．whichonetobuy C．howtobuy D．whattobuy3．（2022·云南保山·九年級(jí)期末）Thedriversarealwayswarned________carsafterdrinking.A．notdrive B．drive C．nottodrive D．todrive4．（2022·江蘇·盱眙縣教師發(fā)展管理中心研訓(xùn)部九年級(jí)期末）SharingthingswithothersmakesTom_______great.A．feel B．feels C．tofeel D．feeling5．（2022·天津河西·九年級(jí)期末）Helefthomethismorning________photosforthepetition.A．takes B．take C．totake D．taking6．（2022·四川·沐川縣教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校九年級(jí)期末）—Jack,remember________offthelightswhen________yourbedroom.—OK,Iwon’tforget,Mum.A．turning;leaving B．toturn;leave C．toturn;leaving7．（2022·四川成都·九年級(jí)期末）Peoplearesuggested________athomefor2weeksiftheyhaveeverbeentohighriskareas.A．stay B．staying C．tostay8．（2022·山東青島·九年級(jí)期末）Eldersaresupposedto________byyoungerspolitely.A．talkto B．betalked C．talkback D．betalkedto9．（2022·江蘇常州·九年級(jí)期末）—Haveyouconsidered__________EnglishinanEnglishspeakingcountry?—Notyet.I’mnotencouraged__________abroadbecauseofCOVID19.A．learning;togo B．learning;going C．tolearn;togo D．tolearn;going10．（2022·四川樂(lè)山·九年級(jí)期末）Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan________others.A．help B．helping C．tohelp11．（2022·四川樂(lè)山·九年級(jí)期末）—Timisoftenheard________loudlyinthenextroom.—Yes.Listen!Youcanhearhim________therenow!A．tosing;singing B．tosing;tosing C．singing;tosing12．（2022·天津南開(kāi)·九年級(jí)期末）Weneedmorevolunteers________wastewhichcanberecycled.A．collect B．collected C．tocollect D．collecting13．（2022·黑龍江·哈爾濱市第一一三中學(xué)校九年級(jí)期末）—Youlookangry.What’sthematter?—TheysaidIshouldn’tbeallowed______here.Theydon’tallow______inthewaitingroom.A．smoking,smoking B．tosmoke,smoking C．smoking,tosmoke14．（2022·黑龍江·勃利縣教師進(jìn)修學(xué)校九年級(jí)期末）TrysingingsomeEnglishsongs,andyou’llfinditinteresting________aforeignlanguage.A．learning B．learn C．tolearn15．（2022·天津河?xùn)|·九年級(jí)期末）Everymorning,Jimseessomemiddleagewomen________inthesquare.A．dancing B．dance C．danced D．a(chǎn)redancing16．（2022·黑龍江雞西·九年級(jí)期末）Iprefer________athomeratherthan________tothecinema.A．tostay;togo B．stay;go C．tostay;go17．（2022·廣西·藤縣教學(xué)研究室九年級(jí)期末）Joneinsistson________earlyeverymorning.A．getsup B．togetup C．gettingup D．getup18．（2022·四川成都·九年級(jí)期末）ThetrafficontheThirdringRoadisalwaysheavythistime.You’dbetteravoid________there.A．drove B．todrive C．driving19．（2022·山東青島·九年級(jí)期末）Thisplaniswellworth________.A．consider B．considering C．considers D．toconsider20．（2022·四川·大英縣教育科學(xué)研究所九年級(jí)期末）Myfatherusedto_________coffee,butnowhegetsusedto________tea.A．drink;drink B．drink;drinking C．drinking;drink D．drinking;drinking21．（2022·安徽蕪湖·九年級(jí)期末）—Whataheavyrain!—Soitis.Iprefer________to________onsucharainyday.togoout;stayingathome B．stayingathome;goout C．stayingathome;goingout D．tostayathome;goout22．（2022·甘肅·天水市麥積區(qū)教學(xué)研究室九年級(jí)期末）—We’dbetter________totakeawalkinsteadof________TV.Don’tyouthinkso?—OK.Let’sgo.A．togo;towatch B．going;watching C．going;watch D．go;watching23．（2022·廣西·藤縣教學(xué)研究室九年級(jí)期末）—IsSallyathomealone?—No.Thereisanothergirl________withhim.A．played B．playing C．toplay D．plays24．（2022·四川·大英縣教育科學(xué)研究所九年級(jí)期末）Theremustbesomething________ourneighborhoodlastnight.A．visit B．visits C．visited D．visiting25．（2022·江蘇南京·九年級(jí)期末）Thesuspectwasseen________awayfromthesceneofthecrimeat9p.m.lastFriday.A．run B．ran C．torun D．running26．（2022·山東臨沂·九年級(jí)期末）There’ssomethingwrongwithmyputer.Imustgetit________.A．repair B．repaired C．torepair27．（2022·湖北恩施·九年級(jí)期末）Timcouldn’tspeakFrenchatall.WhenhewasinParis,hecouldn’tmakehimself______.A．understand B．understanding C．understood28．（2022·江蘇鹽城·九年級(jí)期末）ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin________byKaigeChen,HarkTsuieandDanteLamisworthseeing.A．isdirected B．directed C．directing D．todirect29．（2022·黑龍江佳木斯·二模）Aterriblevirus（病毒）________COVID19isspreadingintheworld.Weshoulddowhatwecan________thespreadofit.A．name,stopping B．named,tostop C．isnamed,stop30．（2022·江蘇·蘇州市吳江區(qū)青云中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thekite________inChinahasalonghistory.A．invents B．invented C．isinvented D．wasinvented1．—Youmustremembe