【順應(yīng)論視角下影視作品中的委婉語(yǔ)探究（英文）（論文）】

順應(yīng)論視角下影視作品中的委婉語(yǔ)研究摘要:委婉語(yǔ)是在語(yǔ)言使用過(guò)程中的一種普遍現(xiàn)象，熟練的運(yùn)用委婉語(yǔ)可以促進(jìn)人際交往的融洽發(fā)展。隨著社會(huì)的高速發(fā)展，委婉語(yǔ)也在隨之不斷發(fā)展，也因此受到了越來(lái)越多學(xué)者的關(guān)注。順應(yīng)論認(rèn)為使用語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)不斷進(jìn)行選擇的過(guò)程，并在這個(gè)過(guò)程中要順應(yīng)語(yǔ)境，委婉語(yǔ)在使用過(guò)程中應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)用者和語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行調(diào)整。本文將以美國(guó)劇情喜劇《了不起的麥瑟爾夫人》的臺(tái)詞作為語(yǔ)料基礎(chǔ)，以Verschueren的順應(yīng)論為理論框架，對(duì)《了不起的麥瑟爾夫人》臺(tái)詞中出現(xiàn)的委婉語(yǔ)進(jìn)行研究。全文分為六個(gè)部分，第一部分是對(duì)本文研究背景的介紹；第二部分是文獻(xiàn)綜述；第三部分是理論框架；第四部分是方法論；第五部分是具體語(yǔ)料與理論框架相結(jié)合；第六部分是總結(jié)。本文的研究有利于加深人們對(duì)委婉語(yǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解，幫助語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者了解文化等因素對(duì)語(yǔ)言的影響，對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中跨文化交際具有一定的啟示和作用。關(guān)鍵詞:委婉語(yǔ)；《了不起的麥瑟爾夫人》；順應(yīng)論；交際語(yǔ)境

ContentsTOC\o"1-2"\h\z\u1Introduction 12LiteratureReview 22.1PreviousstudiesofAdaptationTheoryathomeandabroad 22.2PreviousstudiesofEuphemismsathomeandabroad 32.3PreviousstudiesofTheMarvelousMrs.Maisel 53TheoreticalFramework 63.1Adaptationtheory 63.2Adaptationtheorytocommunicativecontext 94Methodology 114.1Datacollection 114.2Dataanalysis 115AdaptationofEuphemismsinTheMarvelousMrs.Maisel 125.1Adaptationofeuphemismstolanguageusers 125.2Adaptationofeuphemismstomentalworld 155.3Adaptationofeuphemismstosocialworld 195.4Adaptationofeuphemismstophysicalworld 226Conclusion 26References 28Acknowledgments 30AStudyofEuphemismsinTheMarvelousMrs.MaiselfromthePerspectiveofAdaptationTheory1IntroductionEuphemismisanintegralpartofdailycommunicationandplaysanimportantroleinpeople'slife.Itisalubricantforlanguagecommunication,whichhasattractedtheinterestofscholarsathomeandabroad.JohnAytopublishedthebookEuphemisms,inwhichhediscussedtheuseofEuphemismsindifferentfieldsandproposedtheviewthatcontextwouldaffecttheuseofEuphemismsincommunication(Ayto,1993:25).Menken,anAmericanlinguist,studiedtheoriginofeuphemismanddiscussedthereasonsforitsemergenceandpopularity(Menken,1936:11).AllanandBurridgebelievethattheuseofeuphemismsisrelatedtopoliteness(Allan,1991:246-247).D.J.Enrightdiscussedthecharacteristicsofeuphemismanditsapplicationinspecificfieldsfromtheperspectiveofsociolinguistics(Enright,1985:6).ThispaperattemptstostudytheapplicationofeuphemisminTVseriesfromtheangleofadaptationtheory.It’ssignificanttoexplorehowpeopleeffectivelyuseeuphemismincommunicationtoachieveharmoniousinterpersonalrelationship,aswellastounderstandtheadaptationtheoryusedinTheMarvelousMrs.Maiselanditseffectindifferentscenarios.Verschueren'sadaptationtheoryprovidesanewperspectiveforthepragmaticstudyofeuphemism.Infact,theuseofeuphemismbycommunicatorsisalanguagechoicemadeaccordingtodifferentcommunicativeneeds.Euphemism,asawayoflanguagechoice,istheresultofadaptationtocontext.Thispaperisdividedintosixparts.Thefirstpartistheintroduction,whichmainlyintroducestheresearchbackgroundofthisstudy,andsignificanceofthestudy.Thesecondpartisaliteraturereview,whichmainlyintroducestherelevantresearchonadaptationtheoryandeuphemismathomeandabroad,andbrieflyintroducesTheMarvelousMrs.Maiselinthisstudy.Thethirdpartisthetheoreticalframework,whichintroducestheadaptationtheory,viewpointsofadaptationtheory,andfourdifferentresearchperspectives.Thefourthpartistheresearchmethod,mainlyintroducesthemethodsofdatacollectionanddataanalysis.Thefifthpartistheanalysispart,inwhichtheanalysisispresentedfromfouraspects:theadaptationtolanguageusers,psychologicalworld,realworldandsocialperspective.Thesixthpartistheconclusion.2LiteratureReviewThischaptermainlysummarizesresearchonadaptationtheory,euphemisms,andrelevantstudiesofTheMarvelousMrs.Maisel.2.1PreviousstudiesofAdaptationTheoryathomeandabroadAthome,domesticpragmaticsresearchexpertsandscholarshavealsospeciallywrittenarticlestointroduce,commentandinterpret"theoryofadaptation."HeZiranandothersgaveanintroductiontoVerschueren'sworkUnderstandingPragmaticsandintroducedVerschueren'spragmaticsresearchframeworkindetail(He,1999:429-435).TanXiaochenIntroducedVisoerlen’scontextualadaptationtheoryindetail,discussedthedynamicrelationshipbetweenlanguageandcontext,andpointedoutthatthedynamicallygeneratedcontextualviewisatimelyandnecessarysupplementtotraditionalcontextualresearch(Tan,2002:40-52).Ofcourse,thepragmaticoverviewandlanguageadaptationtheoryarenotallmetwithpraise.LiuZhengguangandHuangYandiscussedthetheoreticalbasisoflanguageadaptationtheoryfromdifferentangles(Liu,2000:84-90).Theybelievedthat"taking‘a(chǎn)daptation’asauniversalkeytoexplainalltheuseofspeechissuspectedofoveruse"(Huang,2001:2-14).Duringtheintroductionprocess,domesticscholarsstillhaddifferenceswitheachother.Whileintroducingandcommentingonadaptationtheory,somedomesticresearchersarekeentocompareadaptationtheoryandrelevancetheory,andsomescholarstrytointegratethetwotoovercometheirshortcomings.ChenChunhuaintroducedthesetwotheoriesandcomparedthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwotheoriesintermsof"contextualconcept"and"communicationconcept"(Chen,2003:93-97).YangPingproposedthe"relevance-adaptation"model(Yang,2001:21-28).Accordingtothe"relevance-adaptation"model,theprocessoflanguageuseisaprocessofrelevance,thatis,theselectionanduseoflanguageisaprocessbywhichspeakersseekrelevanceandadapttothecontextofrelevance.ThestudyofeuphemismabroadisproposedbyVerschueren.ThefullnameofAdaptationtheoryis“pragmaticsasatheoryoflinguisticadaptationoradaptability”.JefVerschueren,presidentoftheInternationalAssociationofPragmatics,establishedasetofpragmatictheories,whichscholarsathomeandabroadcallthetheoryoflinguisticadaptation.Verschueren(1987)putforwardtheadaptationtheorywhenhepublished"PragmaticsasaLanguageAdaptationTheory".Hebelievesthatlanguageuseisaprocessofmakingchoicesbydynamicallyadjustingcontextandlanguagestructureatdifferentlevelsofmeaning.Verschueren(1999:285)believesthatthereasonwhylanguageuserscanmaketherightchoiceintheprocessoflanguageuseisthatlanguagecanprovidelanguageuserswithavarietyofchoices,sothattheycanmakeflexiblechoicesandchoosethebestonetoadapttothecontext.2.2PreviousstudiesofEuphemismsathomeandabroadWiththecontinuousin-depthstudy,euphemismhasbeenconcernedbymorescholarsandplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleindailylife.TheEnglishetymologyofeuphemismoriginatedfromGreece.MainlyintheprocessofsacrificeinancientGreece,peopleneedtospeakwelltoavoidunnecessarytroublecausedbyspeakingmistakes.Therefore,inancientGreece,inordertoavoidmentioningghostsandgodsdirectly,euphemismwasused.TheneuphemismwasintroducedintovariousEuropeancountries,andhasbeendevelopinguptonow.Athome,Manyscholarshaveconducteddetailedstudiesoneuphemisms.AsShuDingfangsaid,differentclassificationcriteriaofeuphemismleadtodifferentclassificationresults(Shu,1995:17-22).Rawsondivideseuphemismintopositiveeuphemismandnegativeeuphemism.Theformerreferstothesemanticascension,beautifyingthingsthatarenotsogood,suchasthegoodnameforoccupationandthehonorificnameforpeople,etc.;thelatterreferstothesemanticweakening,replacingtheoriginalterribleorexcessivethingswithmoremoderateterms,suchasthehonorificnameforGodandthenicknameforfierceanimals.InthedictionarycompiledbyLiuChunbao,aChinesescholar,euphemismisdividedintotraditionaleuphemismandstylisticeuphemismaccordingtowhetheritistabooornot(Liu,2001:81-90).Theso-calledtraditionaleuphemismiscloselyrelatedtotaboo,whichmeansthesamething,justlikethepositiveandnegativesidesofacoin;whilestylisticeuphemismisactuallyacomplimentandacompliment,whichhasnothingtodowithtaboo.Accordingtowhethertheoriginalmeaningofeuphemismisforgottenornot,LiuChunbaodividesitintointentionaleuphemismandunintentionaleuphemism.Intentionaleuphemismmeansthatpeopleknowthattheyarepunningwhentheyuseit;unintentionaleuphemismmeansthattheoriginalmeaningofsomewordshasbeenforgottenbecauseoftheirlonghistory,whiletheeuphemismismistakenfortheoriginalmeaning.Theclassificationofeuphemismismorethantheabove.Accordingtodifferentclassificationstandards,theclassificationresultsaredifferent,whichwillnotberepeatedhere.Abroad,earlierstudiesoneuphemismsbyforeignscholarsfocusedonconceptualaspects.AmericanscholarRawsondefineseuphemismas"mild,agreeable,orroundaboutwordsusedinplaceofcourse,painful,oroffensiveones"(Rawson,1995:10).Itmeansthateuphemismisthosewordsthataremildandpleasanttolistentoorroundaboutandtactful,whichareusedtoreplacesomeharshanduninterestingwordsorwordsthatmayoffendothers.ShiXiuju,afamousChinesescholar,distinguisheseuphemisminabroadsensefromeuphemisminanarrowsense(Shi,2004:17).GeneralizedeuphemismreferstoEuphemismisakindofexpressionmethodwitheuphemisticfunctionwhichisconstructedtemporarilybyvariouslanguagemeansinthelanguagesystem;Euphemisminnarrowsensereferstowordsorphraseswitheuphemisticmeaning.ThispapermainlydiscussesthenarrowsenseofEnglisheuphemism.AccordingtoRawson'sresearch,thereplacementofeuphemismmostlyconformstotwolaws:Gresham'slawandthelawofsuccess.Grignard'slaworiginatedfromtheprincipleofmoney,whichmeansthatiftherearetwokindsofgoldorsilvercoinswiththesamedenominationbutdifferentqualityincirculation,thosewithinsufficientqualitywilleventuallybeexpelledfromthecirculationfield.Rawsonthinksthatthechangeofwordmeaninghasthesamerule,thatis,ifawordhastwomeanings,oneisgoodandtheotherisbad,thebadmeaningwillcrowdoutthegoodmeaning.2.3PreviousstudiesofTheMarvelousMrs.MaiselAsarecentradioandTVseries,thereareonlyafewarticlesonthespecificresearchofTheMarvelousMrs.Maisel,butmanyshortreviewsandcriticswrittenbyTVviewersandfansswarmedintothemajorfilmcritics'websitesatitspremiere.OnDouban,amajorfilmreviewwebsiteinChina,TheMarvelousMrs.Maiselscored8.8inthefirstquarter(outof10points),8.6inthesecondquarterand8.7inthethirdquarter,withatotalof200000comments.ThescoreofAmericanTVseriesisextremelyhigh.Onrottentomatoes,aworld-famousonlinefilmreviewaggregator,italsoreceivedquitepositivefeedback,withanaverageaudiencescoreof88%.OnMetacritic,theseriesscored70reviewerswithanaverageweightedscoreof80(outof100).Sinceitslaunchin2017,theresearchonithasjustbegun.CNKIhasfewarticlesaboutTheMarvelousMrs.Maisel,anditismainlyfromthreeperspectives.Thefirststudyisfromtheperspectiveoffeminism.XinNaanalyzesthecausesofMrs.Maisel'stragiclifefromafeministperspective,andherarticle"analysisofthewonderfulladymatherfromafeministperspective"(Xin,2018:58-59).Sheattributedgenderinequalitytoreligiousfundamentalismandpatriarchy,bothofwhichlimitedwomentofamilylife.GeJingyimainlystudieshowthefemaleprotagonistscantransitionfromanothertothethemebycomparingthetwoTVseries"wonderfulladymather"and"thefirsthalfofmylife"(Ge,2018:59).Thethesis"TheMarvelousMrs.Maisel:theconstructionoffemalesubjectivity"byWangYongchaoandMaYingisanalyzedbySimonadebovovaandMichelleFoucault(Wang,2019:148).Womenarewatchedbymenbothinthefamilyandintheworkplace,buttheyconstructthesubjectivityofwomenthroughfemalewritinganddiscourse.ThethirdisbasedonLauraMulvey'sgazetheory(Laura,2001:16),Foucault'stheoryofpoweranddiscourse,andJudithButler'sgenderperformance,andherfeministcriticismofthefirstseasonofTheMarvelousMrs.Maisel.ZhangXingthinkstheTVseriesreflectsgenderinequalitybyanalyzingthepersonalimage,familystatusandworkcategoryofthemaincharacters.However,theaboveresearchonlyfocusesonthefirstseason,andanalyzesitfromtheperspectiveoftraditionalfeminism,whichisnotathoroughstudywithoutlimitation.ThestorytakesplaceintheUnitedStatesinthe1950s.Mickey(playedbyRachelBrosnahan)andherhusbandJoey(playedbyMichaelZegen)havebeenmarriedformanyyears,andtheybothraisedtheirchildrentogether.,Lifecanbesaidtobehappyandfulfilling.Joeyhasalwayswantedtobeatalkshowactor,andeveryweekend,hewillgototheclubtoperformonstage.However,Joey'stalkshowcareerhasalwaysbeentepid.Oneday,afteranotherfailedperformance,Joeycollapsed.HeconfessedtoMickeythathehadanaffair,andimmediatelypackedupandlefthome.Overnight,Mickeybecameawomanabandonedbyherhusband.Amidstsadnessanddespair,MickeysteppedontothestageandgaveawonderfulspeechthroughJiuJin,whichmadetheaudiencelaugh.Theclub’shostessSusie(AlexBorstein)discoveredanextraordinarytalentinMickeyanddecidedtobecomeheragent.3TheoreticalFrameworkThispartmainlyintroducestherelatedconceptsandtheoreticalstructureofadaptationtheory,andthefourwaysofconductingAdaptationTheoryresearch.3.1AdaptationtheoryAdaptationtheorywasputforwardbyJefverscherenin1978.Accordingtothistheory,theprocessoflanguageuseisaprocessinwhichlanguageusersconstantlymakelanguagechoicesatdifferentlevelsofconsciousnessbygivinginternalandexternalreasons.Adaptationmeansthatlanguageuserscanmakeflexiblechoicesfromdifferentlanguageitemstomeettheneedsofcommunication(Verscheren,2001:285).AccordingtoJefverscheren,adaptationprovidesfourperspectivesforthepragmaticdescriptionandinterpretationoflanguagephenomena,namelycontextualadaptation,linguisticstructuraladaptation,dynamicadaptationandthedegreeofconsciousnessintheprocessofadaptation.Yu(1999:429-435)putsforwardtheadaptationmodelofcodeswitchingbasedonthecharacteristicsofChineselanguage.Hebelievesthatinthespecificprocessofcodeswitching,communicatorsshouldadapttothelanguagereality,socialconventionsandpsychologicalmotivation.3.1.1ThreepropertiesofadaptationtheoryIn1987,thefamousBelgianlinguistvisorenputforwardthetheoryofadaptation.Verschueren(1987)believesthattheuseoflanguageisaprocessofcontinuousselection,nomatterwhatthelevelofconsciousnessis,nomatterwhetheritisforinternalorexternalreasons.Thereasonwhylanguageuserscanmakesuchanappropriatechoiceisthatlanguagecontainsatleastthreecharacteristics:variability,negotiabilityandadaptability.Variabilitymeansthatlanguageselectionshouldbecarriedoutinapossiblerange,whichisnotimmutablebutdynamic.Intranslationactivities,languagevariabilityisreflectedintheprocessofinteractionbetweenthetranslator,theoriginaltextandthetargettext.Accordingtodifferentlanguagestructuresandcontexts,theauthormakesconsciouschoicesonalllevelsofthetargetlanguage,suchasphoneticlevel,lexicallevel,syntacticlevelandcontextuallevel.Thisistheauthor'sdynamicadaptationtotheoriginallanguage.Negotiabilityreferstothefactthatlanguageselectioncanbeconductedaccordingtohighlyflexibleprinciplesandstrategiesratherthancompletelyfollowingacertainrequirementorprinciple(Ditto,1978:91).Theapplicationofnegotiabilitytotranslationcanguidetheflexibleuseofvarioustranslationmethodsaccordingtodifferenttranslationprinciplesandmeettheneedsoftargetlanguagereaders.Adaptabilityreferstotheflexiblechoiceoflanguageusersaccordingtotheirspecificneedstoachievetheneedsoflanguagecommunication(Ditto,2000:70).Accordingtolinguisticadaptation,translatorscanconsciouslychoosetranslationstrategiesaccordingtothespecificneedsoftargetlanguagereaders.Adaptationisnotonlyaprocess,butalsoapurposeandresult.Adaptationhasmorespecificguidingsignificanceforthetranslationprocess(Song,2004:21).3.1.2FourperspectivesofAdaptationResearchVerschuerenproposedfourperspectivesforthestudyofAdaptationTheory:contextualcorrelatesofadaptability,structuralobjectsofadaptability,dynamicsofadaptabilityandsalienceoftheadaptationprocesses.AccordingtoVerschueren'sadaptationtheory,"context"istheenvironmentoflanguagecommunication.Itincludesallthefactorsthatinteractwithlanguageandaffectlanguageprocessing,includingcommunicativecontextandlinguisticcontext.Thechoiceoflanguagemustconformtothecommunicativenormsofsocialoccasions,socialenvironmentandlanguagecommunity.Thepsychologicalworldincludesthecommunicator'spersonality,emotion,desireandintentionandothercognitiveemotionalfactors.Adaptivestructuralobjectreferstothechoiceoflanguagestructureandstructuralprinciples.Generallyspeaking,theadaptationtothestructureofcommunicationobjectistheselectiveadaptationtothemeaningthatthecommunicationsubjectwantstoexpress.Therelationshipbetweendifferentstructuralobjectsaffectstheprocessoflanguageselection,andeachlanguageselectionprocessalsoaffectstheadaptabilitybetweenelements."Dynamicadaptationisthecoreconceptofadaptationtheory,whichmeansthatthemeaningoflanguageitselfwillproduceandchangeindynamicuse.".Thedynamicadaptationoflanguagechoicecanbereflectedinthreeaspects:first,timeadaptation.Thegenerationoflanguageandtheunderstandingoflanguagemeaningwillbedifferentbecauseofthechangeoftime,andthetimefactorwillmakepeopleadapttothelanguagewhentheyuseit.Second,therestrictivefunctionoflanguagechoiceindifferentsituations.Voiceisstatic,andthedynamicnatureofcontextbasedlanguageselectionandadaptationisrelatedtothesocialrelationshipbetweencommunicatorsandtheircognitivepsychology.Third,theflexiblechangeofthelinearstructureoflanguage."Peoplecanflexiblyarrangetheinformationstructureoftheutteranceaccordingtodifferentcommunicativepurposes,orchoosethelanguagethatcanachievethepurposeorexpressitmoreeffectivelyaccordingtotheconceptualenvironmentandcommunicativepurposes.""Thesignificantdegreeoftheadaptationprocessreferstothepragmaticawarenessofthecommunicatorwhenchoosinglanguagetoadapt,andthereflexiveawarenessormetapragmaticawarenessofthecommunicatorintheprocessofusinglanguage."Notallchoiceshavethesamelevelofawarenessandthesamepurpose.Theimportanceoftheadaptationprocessisarelativeconcept.Becauseofthedifferentimportanceoflanguageselectionandadaptationprocess,peoplehavedifferentwaysof"socialthinking".TheabovefourresearchperspectivesareallimportantcomponentsofAdaptabilityResearch.Verschuerendividesthecontextintolinguisticcontextsandcommunicativecontexts(Verschueren,2000:76).UttererandInterpreter,thephysicalworld,socialworldandmentalworldareconsideredascommunicativecontexts.3.2AdaptationtheorytocommunicativecontextVerschueren(2000:73)proposesthatcontextsincludecommunicativecontextsandlinguisticcontexts,thisstudyfocusesonthecommunicativecontext.Accordingtothefourperspectivesofadaptationresearchabove,thecontextualcorrelatesofadaptabilityincludeslanguageuser,thementalworld,thesocialworldandthephysicalworld.3.2.1LanguageusersTheutterandtheinterpreterarecalledlanguageusers,whichareconnectedwithcommunicativecontextsandlinguisticcontexts.“Whentheuttererbecomesinterpreter,theroleofinterpreterisfullyincorporatedintotheworldoftheutterer.Thenumberoftheunterersandinterpretersalsohasaninfluenceontheconversation”(Verschueren,2000:86-87).Fortheutterers,thereisawiderangeofinformationsources;fortheinterpreter,heorshemayplaytheroleofparticipant,spectator,andeavesdropper,anddifferenttypesofinterpreterswillinfluencethelinguisticchoicesoftheutterance.Communicativecontextisthemajorelementthatinfluencinglanguagechoice-making.Languageuserswillfacevariouslinguisticchoicesineveryverbalcommunication,whiletosomeextentparticularcommunicativecontextdecideshowlinguisticsusersmakeaproperselectionandhowtorealizelinguisticadaptation.Languageusersthemselvesaswellasingredientsofmentalworld,socialworldandphysicalworldcanmakeinfluenceonchoice-makingofeuphemisms.Intheprocessoflanguageuse,languagechoiceandcommunicativecontextaremutuallyadaptive.3.2.2MentalWorldDifferentinterpreterswillaffectthelinguisticchoicesoftheutterersinacertaindegree.AccordingtoVerschueren,mentalworldmainlyinvolvespersonalitytraits,emotions,motivations,etc(Verschueren,2000:88).Languagechoice-makingisinfluencedbythementalworldofthespeakeronthecontrary;thementalworldalsowillbeforcedtochangebythecontextneeds.Makingchoiceisthedynamicprogresstoadapttomentalworldofbothspeakerandinterpreter.Differentlanguageformimpliesvariousemotionsandatthesametimecanprovidediversechoice-makingfordifferentcommunicativegoals.3.2.3SocialWorldSocialworldmainlyinvolvessocialconventionsandsocialcultures.Languageexpressingitsspecialmeaningisameansformaintainingorchangingacertainrelationshipandisalwaysrestrictedbysocialandculturalfactors.Languagefromthesocialworldandthesocialenvironment,Verschuerenpointedoutthat"PhenomenaoftheutmostimportanceintherelationshipbetweenlinguisticchoicesandthesocialworldareThesetting,institution,orcommunityspecificcommunicationnormsthathavetobeobserved"(Verschueren,2000:92).Languageuseiscloselylinkedtoourculture,andlanguageusersliveinaspecificsocio-culturalenvironment,whichmakestheirspeechandexpressionbehaviorslimitedandrestrictedbysocio-culturalrules,suchasrace,gender,religion,age,etc.Theadaptabilityoflanguagetothesocialworldispervasive.3.2.4PhysicalWorldPhysicalworldmainlyinvolvestemporaldeixisandspatialdeixis(Vershueren,2000:95).Fortemporaldeixis,itincludeseventtime,timeofutteranceandreferencetime.Timedeixiseuphemismsaregenerallyshownbypasttenseverbs.InEnglish,inordertoexpressinformationindirectlyandpleasantlypeopleusuallydon'thavetoputforwardsuggestionsandrequestswithpresenttenses,butwiththesimplepastorthepastcontinuoustensetoreplacetopresenttense.Spatialdeixisisdividedintoabsolutespatialrelationshipandspeakerspaceorreferencespace,suchasgestures.Alltheabovefactors,tosomeextent,willhavedifferentdegreesofinfluenceonlanguagechoice.4MethodologyThispartmainlyintroducesthemethodsusedintheresearch,andthedataanalysis.ThispapermainlycollectsdatafromtheAmericandramacomedyTheMarvelousMrs.Maisel.4.1DatacollectionThecorpusinthecurrentstudycomesfromtherelevantdialoguesinthefirstseasonoftheAmericandramaTheMarvelousMrs.Maisel.TheMarvelousMrs.MaiselisapopulardramacomedythatbeganitstrialbroadcastonAmazonstudiesinmarch2017.Theresearchercollectedeuphemismsbyanalyzingthelinesinthefirstseason.Thedatausesexcelforstatisticalprocessing.4.2DataanalysisDuetothelimitedtimeandspaceofthisarticle,theresearcherselectsthefirstseasonastheoriginalresearchdata.Inthisclassicopera,inadditiontolisteningtotheaccentsofAmericanEnglishandfeelingthehumorandsolemnityoftheAmericansfromtheconversationsofdifferentcharacters,wecanalsofurtherdiscoverthedelicatewordsbehindtheseexquisitewordsthathavebeenusedbyAmericansforalongtime.Euphemism.Asacommonlanguagephenomenon,euphemismisusedbypeopletoavoidsomesuddenandembarrassingwords.Theuseofeuphemismsindifferentcontextscannotonlymeettheneedsofcommunication,butalsoenablebothpartiestocommunicatesmoothlyandhappily.AsshowninTable-1below,thecollectedeuphemismsforlanguageusersaccountfor17%,formentalworld28%,forsocialworld22%,andforphysicalworld33%.TableSEQTable\*ARABIC1AdaptationofEuphemismstoCommunicativeContextCommunicativeContextLanguageUsersMentalWorldSocialWorldPhysicalWorldTotalNumbeercentage17%28%22%33%100%5AdaptationofEuphemismsinTheMarvelousMrs.MaiselTheuseofeuphemismbylanguageusersisaprocessofadaptationtocommunicativecontext.Communicativecontextsarecomposedoflanguageusers,mentalworld,socialworld,andphysicalworld.ThispartwilltakeeuphemisminTheMarvelousMrs.Maiselasanexampletoanalyzeitsadaptationtodifferentcommunicativecontexts.5.1AdaptationofeuphemismstolanguageusersThoughtheadaptationprocessinvolvesboththeutterers’adaptationtotheinterpreterandtheinterpreters’adaptationtotheuttererduringthecommunicationprocess,thispapermainlyfocusesontheformeradaptationprocessforonthewholetheuttererdemonstratesarelativelymuchhigherdegreeofconsciousnessthantheinterpreterwhencommunicating.LanguageUsersUtterers’VoicesInterpreters’RolesTotalNumber10818Percentage56%44%100%Asshowninthetableabove,languageusersused22euphemismsintotal.Therewere10euphemismsadaptedtoutterers’voices,accountingfor56%,and8euphemismsadaptedtointerpreters’roles,accountingfor44%.5.1.1Toutterers’voicesBeforediscussinghoweuphemismadaptstolanguageusers,weshouldfirstclearlystatethespeaker’svoiceandthevariousrolesoftheinterpreter.Verschuerenbelievesthatthepersonwhospeaksthelanguageorthespeakershouldnotberegardedasthecorrectsourceofspeech.Infact,theremaybemorethanonesource.Eveninsomecases,thevirtualspeakerwillbecalled.Thevirtualspeakerreferstothespeakerwhomayproducetheimaginationofsuchspeech.Inaddition,peopleoftenadoptapreemptivestrategytorejectsomepossibleaccusationsmadebyvirtualspeakers.Verschueren'sexplanationofmanyvoicesofthespeakerprovidessomeenlightenmentforthestudyofeuphemi