新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練21 記敘文體類完形填空(原卷版)

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練（新高考）21記敘文體類完形填空【命題意圖】完形填空是語言知識運(yùn)用的第一節(jié)，共20小題，每小題1.5分。在一篇約250詞的短文中留出20個空白，要求考生從每題所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順，前后連貫，結(jié)構(gòu)完整?！究荚嚪较颉咳珖韺ν晷翁羁盏目疾?，近幾年來一直以記敘文和夾敘夾議文為主，以說明文和議論文為輔。從選材到試題的設(shè)置都呈現(xiàn)出＂穩(wěn)中有變＂的特點(diǎn)：1.題材相對穩(wěn)定：文章的選材都是中學(xué)生熟悉的話題，能夠傳遞正能量，弘揚(yáng)社會主義核心價值觀，讀后能給考生帶來心靈的啟迪。且文章大多原汁原味，語言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有積極的教育意義，體現(xiàn)出了課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的情感、態(tài)度和價值觀的要求。2.文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章長度一般為250詞左右，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，脈絡(luò)清晰，難度適中，全文設(shè)置20個空格，要求考生根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容，從層次結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系方面選擇符合文章情節(jié)的選項(xiàng)，很少涉及純語法知識試題。3.穩(wěn)定中有變化：近幾年高考完形填空在選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置上，打破了傳統(tǒng)的四個選項(xiàng)類別一致的命題規(guī)律。如2019年浙江卷第41題和45題四個選項(xiàng)中兩個動詞短語，兩個為動詞；2015年全國卷Ⅰ的第44題的四個選項(xiàng)中，有兩個以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞，另外兩個副詞為outside和by；2016年全國卷Ⅰ的第52題的四個選項(xiàng)中設(shè)置了三個形容詞和一個副詞，第47題和第54題的四個選項(xiàng)均由兩個動詞及兩個動詞詞組構(gòu)成，第59題把兩個動詞及兩個介詞短語設(shè)置為一組選項(xiàng)。此外，2016年增加了對代詞的考查，考生備考時需要注意。【試題解析】記敘文一直受高考完形填空命題者的青睞，在高考完形填空題材中占有相當(dāng)大的比重。這是因?yàn)槠溆腥宋?、情?jié)發(fā)展等線索可循，內(nèi)容情節(jié)深刻，常涉及人物心理活動的細(xì)致描寫，篇章與語句的結(jié)構(gòu)變化豐富多彩。這種類型的試題，更能考查考生根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容選擇符合文章情節(jié)的答案，可以充分體現(xiàn)考生對事物的應(yīng)變能力。仔細(xì)研讀近幾年高考完形填空我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，記敘文是出現(xiàn)頻率最高的一類文體，多以記人和敘事為主。具體地說，它是借助敘述、描寫等手段記敘社會中的人物和事件發(fā)展過程，用以表現(xiàn)作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。記敘文多以人的思想和行為為中心，以時間或空間的變化為線索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)束來展開敘述。研讀記敘型完形填空，可看出以下趨勢：1.首句完整，線索清楚一般作者在第一句話就交代了人物的姓名、身份、業(yè)績或事件發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)，然后再介紹事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展，最后得出結(jié)果。2.敘述靈活，側(cè)重語境。文章以敘述為主，人物間對話較少，絕大部分篇章是作者在描述事件，較少加入作者的觀點(diǎn)或評論。因此，常會出現(xiàn)態(tài)度與觀點(diǎn)的跳躍變換，或語氣上的差異。這增加了情景的迷惑性和干擾性，從而突出了對語境的依賴，實(shí)現(xiàn)了在理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上，通過語境，辨析詞語，作出選擇。3.實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔。高考記敘型完形填空，篇章不長，一般在200～280個詞左右，始終緊扣話題中心，形成一個主題連續(xù)體。選項(xiàng)一般為同一詞類或同一范疇。重點(diǎn)集中于動詞、名詞、形容詞或副詞等實(shí)詞上，介詞、連詞、冠詞等虛詞的考查相對較少。實(shí)詞為主，虛詞為輔，更能體現(xiàn)在語境中考查英語運(yùn)用能力這一思路。【得分要點(diǎn)】在記敘文類完形填空的解題過程中，除了需要具備扎實(shí)的語言知識之外，還需要一套過硬的解題方法和技巧，很明顯，如果掌握了正確的解題思路，就會起到事半功倍的效果，從而大幅度提高正確率。1.讀透首句，掌握主旨重視首句，明確短文話題，了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，預(yù)測全文內(nèi)容。絕大多數(shù)記敘文的作者都會用一句話點(diǎn)明人物的姓名、身份或事件發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)，然后再逐漸深入介紹事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展，最后得出結(jié)論，所以讀透句首對學(xué)生了解全文至關(guān)重要，這就是我們理解文章內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的＂突破口＂。2.跳空速讀全文，掌握中心速讀全文要求一氣呵成，跳過空格，快速閱讀，領(lǐng)會大意，把握中心。重點(diǎn)了解記敘文的要素，如：時間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件等，從整體上把握文章的敘述順序和結(jié)構(gòu)主線。3.身臨其境，故事重構(gòu)采取換位思考的方式，假設(shè)自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模擬故事的情景，體會人物的心情，推理故事的發(fā)展，體驗(yàn)作者的心情以及觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等，這樣才能對故事或事件有一個貼切的把握，才能選出符合語境的選項(xiàng)。同時要注意文化背景知識和生活常識。4.關(guān)注末段，注意感想最后一段通常是作者的有感而發(fā)、心理體驗(yàn)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)等。要注意結(jié)合語境選用合適的形容詞、副詞、動詞或名詞等。5.瀏覽全文，復(fù)查核定根據(jù)記敘文的線索，考生一定要進(jìn)行回查，仔細(xì)推敲，校正全文，使故事恢復(fù)原貌。檢查要點(diǎn)是：（1）語意是否前后一致；（2）上下文是否通順連貫，內(nèi)容是否完整；（3）所選詞匯是否符合語法、句法結(jié)構(gòu)；（4）文化背景和生活常識是否合理?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】【2020·新高考全國卷I（山東）】閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond21.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof22therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething____23____happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe____24____itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.____25____,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He____26____thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe27.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek28duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe29departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand30anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.31youngplantsinthedryseasonwas32foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe33ofeachsapling(幼樹)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto34rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molai__35_____toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.21.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice22.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge23.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward24.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage25.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise26.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted27.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust28.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter29.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance30.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed31.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding32.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial33.A.back B.top C.foot D.side34.A.cooldown B.keepoff C.purify D.collect35.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.C30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。Molai在印度的一個小村莊長大。16歲的時候，一場洪水導(dǎo)致他的家園遭受巨大損失。樹木的缺乏導(dǎo)致這些動物失去了遮蔽物，很多鳥兒離開，蛇類數(shù)量減少。Molai決定改變這一切，他經(jīng)過努力，在附近找到了一個小島，開始種樹。在30多年的時間里，他的努力使1360英畝的天然土地成為許多動植物的家園。21.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這個村莊位于一些濕地附近，那里成了他的第二個家。A.dream夢想；B.job工作；C.home家；D.choice選擇。根據(jù)空前的second可知，他出生的村莊是他的家，村莊附近的一些”濕地”成為了他的第二個”家”。故選C。22.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他從小就在那里了解到了大自然的價值和美麗。A.nature自然；B.youth青春，年輕；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知識。濕地展現(xiàn)了”大自然”的價值和美。故選A。23.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:16歲時，Molai開始注意到他的家周圍發(fā)生了一些令人不安的事情。A.precious寶貴的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing令人不安的，引起煩惱的；D.awkward尷尬的，笨拙的。該段后半部分提到:洪水侵襲，很多鳥兒離開，蛇的數(shù)量減少。這些情況都不正常，令人不安。故選C。24.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:那年早些時候，一場洪水襲擊了這個地區(qū)，洪水造成損害趕走了很多鳥類。A.waste廢物；B.tension緊張；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage損害，傷害。洪水侵襲這個地區(qū)，它會”損害”莊稼、樹木，這些都會導(dǎo)致鳥兒們離開。故選D。25.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:此外，蛇的數(shù)量也減少了。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否則。根據(jù)aswell可知，洪水不僅導(dǎo)致很多鳥兒離開。而且，它還導(dǎo)致蛇的數(shù)量減少。故選A。26.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:他意識到這是因?yàn)闆]有足夠的樹來保護(hù)它們免受炎熱的影響。A.agreed同意；B.realized意識到；C.remembered記住，記起；D.predicted預(yù)測。Molai”意識到”鳥兒離開、蛇類減少是因?yàn)闆]有足夠的樹木。故選B。27.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他意識到這是因?yàn)闆]有足夠的樹來保護(hù)它們免受炎熱的影響。A.noise噪音；B.heat熱；C.disease疾?。籇.dust塵土。根據(jù)常識可知，樹木可以提供陰涼，從而保護(hù)鳥類和蛇類免受炎熱的影響。故選B。28.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)然，解決的辦法是種樹，這樣動物們就可以在白天尋找棲身之處。A.directions方向；B.partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C.help幫助；D.shelter遮蔽，庇護(hù)，遮蔽物。樹木可以給動物們提供”遮蔽”。故選D。29.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他向森林部門求助，但被告知那里什么也不長。A.labor勞動；B.police警察；C.forest森林；D.finance財政，金融。根據(jù)前一句中的”Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttrees”可知，Molai想要種樹，所以他應(yīng)該向”森林”部門求助。故選C。30,考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，發(fā)現(xiàn)了附近的一個島嶼，他開始在那里種樹。A.rebuilt重建；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.left離開；D.managed設(shè)法做成。根據(jù)前面的”lookingonhisown”可知，他自己去看，那么接下來就應(yīng)該是他”發(fā)現(xiàn)”了一個小島。故選B。31.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:對一個孤獨(dú)的男孩來說，在旱季給幼苗澆水是很困難的。A.Decorating裝飾；B.Observing觀察到；C.Watering澆水；D.Guarding守衛(wèi)。該段后半部分?jǐn)⑹龅氖荕olai想盡辦法收集水的努力。再結(jié)合該句中的”thedryseason”可知，在旱季給幼苗”澆水”很難。故選C。32.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:對一個孤獨(dú)的男孩來說，在旱季給幼苗澆水是很困難的。A.tough困難的；B.illegal非法的；C.fantastic極好的；D.beneficial有益的。根據(jù)該段后半部分的敘述可知，Molai想盡辦法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，給幼苗澆水很”難”。故選A。33.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:Molai在每棵樹苗的頂端都搭建了一個竹子平臺，在那里他放置了帶有小洞的陶罐來收集雨水。A.back背部；B.top頂端；C.foot腳；D.side一邊，一側(cè)。根據(jù)該段最后一句”Thewaterwouldthendripontheplantsbelow”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平臺應(yīng)該在每棵樹苗的”頂端”。故選B。34.考查動詞(短語)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵樹苗的頂端都搭建了一個竹子平臺，在那里他放置了帶有小洞的陶罐來收集雨水。A.cooldown冷卻下來；B.keepoff與……保持距離；C.purify凈化，使純凈；D.collect收集。根據(jù)常識可知，陶罐是用來盛水的。由此可知，他將陶罐放到竹子平臺上”收集”雨水。故選D。35.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:在接下來的37年里，Molai繼續(xù)種樹。A.returned返回；B.learned學(xué)會；C.failed失敗；D.continued繼續(xù)。根據(jù)后一句可知，他的努力使1360英畝的天然土地成為許多動植物的家園。由此推知，在接下來的37年里，他”繼續(xù)”種樹。故選D。【題型演練】1WhenJimGrantspottedblacksmokecomingoutofabuildingonhiswaytowork,he1hiscartocall911.Thenhe2aU-turn,circlingbacktotakeanotherlook.Pullinguptothebuilding,Grantsawflames（火焰）shootingoutofasecond-floorwindow.Notseeingorhearinganyfireengines3.Grantrushedtoaside4andranupthestairs.Onthesecondfloor,he5everyapartmentdoor."Getout!"Grantshouted,Noone6andheassumedthatpeoplehadalready7.Reachingtheendofthehallway,though,Grant8ahalf-opendoor.Hekickeditwideopen,findinga9womaninawheelchairwithalittleboyandatinybaby."Let's10!"hescreamed.Thewomanlookedathiminconfusionandsaidsomethingaboutchangingherclothes.Grantdidn'twait,clutching（抓牢）thebabytohischestand11theboyalongside,Grantrandownthehallway.Whenhewas12outside,theonly13insightwasapoliceman.Granttoldhimaboutthe14andtheyrushedintothesmokybuilding.Thankstothem,afamilywassavedfromthefire.Grantandthepolicemanwerehonoredfortheir15.1.A.drove B.stopped C.reached D.abandoned2.A.saw B.made C.missed D.crossed3.A.burning B.leaving C.approaching D.waiting4.A.entrance B.road C.building D.window5.A.locked B.kicked C.counted D.repaired6.A.agreed B.cared C.responded D.understood7.A.arrived B.returned C.hidden D.escaped8.A.skipped B.closed C.noticed D.remembered9.A.frightened B.curious C.patient D.grateful10.A.turnback B.goup C.getout D.liedown11.A.following B.dragging C.examining D.passing12.A.safely B.secretly C.suddenly D.previously13.A.witness B.guide C.service D.help14.A.woman B.door C.car D.baby15.A.wisdom B.generosity C.honesty D.courage2Iworkasawaiteratarestaurant.Lastnightanelderlycouplecameintotherestaurantandmyco-worker1them.Weusuallydoourowntables,butbecausewewereso2lastnightthatwehelpedeachotherout.Thentheelderlycouple3tomethattheywerereadytoorder.Thehusbandbeganorderinganditwasveryclearthathehada4disorder.Icouldtellthewifehadtoldherhusbandverycomplexlywhatshewanted,asawayforhimto5ordering.Ittookawhileforhimtoorder,andinthemeantimeshewassittingthereandshelookedsoproudand6despiteherhusband’simmensestammering(結(jié)巴).Honestly,thewholethingjusthadastronginfluenceonme.Itwasbeautifulandjustmademethatahugepartof8isacceptance,toleranceandsupport.Shecouldhavemadetheorderandmadethingsalot9forherhusbandandavoidedthe10fromothertables,butshedidn’t.Instead,she11himandwasproudtoseehim12theorder.Thiswholethingremindedmethatlifeis13forallofus.IassumedthesewealthypeoplehadeverythinggoingwellforthemandI’msuretheydo,butitjustremindedmethatallofushaveour14.Iinitiallytooktheir15ofwantingtoorderasbeingrude,butIthinktheysignaleditbecausehereallywantedtogettheorderright.1.A.comforted B.seated C.asked D.ignored2.A.cautious B.anxious C.late D.busy3.A.signaled B.pointed C.adjusted D.appealed4.A.hearing B.mind C.speech D.sleep5.A.consider B.enjoy C.imagine D.practice6.A.awkward B.content C.upset D.curious7.A.realize B.expect C.wonder D.admit8.A.love B.praise C.reward D.dream9.A.clearer B.slower C.safer D.easier10.A.congratulations B.cheers C.wishes D.stares11.A.protected B.supported C.evaluated D.urged12.A.complete B.accept C.take D.obey13.A.valuable B.difficult C.unfair D.peaceful14.A.strengths B.problems C.fears D.mistakes15.A.command B.opinion C.gesture D.purpose3IntheThaicityofKhonKaenadogkeptwaitingaroundacrossroad1hewaswaitingforhisowner.Manycitizensbelievedthedoghadbeen2.Somewarm-heartedcitizensbroughthimfoodandwater.3themwasamiddle-agedladynamedRolwhocame4.Oneday,areporter5thedogandRolwhocameto6somefood.ThenthereportersharedthestoryaboutthedogandRolonsocialmedia.Thepostwentviralandthephotosgotshared7times.Andthephotosreachedtheeyesofthedog’s8owner,AuntieNoi.Shefeltheart-brokenforhaving9herbeloveddogduringacartrip.Whenshelearnedthathehadbeenwaitingforherinthesame10forthelastfouryears，herheartmelted.AuntieNoitoldherdaughterto11hertowherethedogwaswaiting.Whenshegotoutofthecarandcalledhisname,BonBon,thedogstartedwiggling(扭動)histailandcametoher，butwhenshetriedtotakehim12withher,hewas13tofollow.Shedidn’twantto14thedogtocomewithhersosheagreedtoleavehimwithhisnewmaster.15,sheandherdaughterwillcometovisithimregularly.1.A.because B.although C.asif D.until2.A.caught B.abandoned C.kept D.involved3.A.With B.Under C.Between D.Among4.A.regularly B.gradually C.suddenly D.slightly5.A.interviewed B.photographed C.drew D.dressed6.A.falloff B.fallover C.dropto D.dropoff7.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredof D.hundredsof8.A.elder B.former C.new D.young9.A.lost B.separated C.found D.failed10.A.platform B.spot C.stage D.screen11.A.walk B.follow C.march D.drive12.A.family B.home C.school D.factory13.A.lucky B.unlucky C.willing D.unwilling14.A.agree B.allow C.force D.control15.A.However B.Moreover C.Therefore D.Likewise4MuhammadYunus,aprofessorofeconomicsinChittagongUniversity,isthefounderofGrameenBank.Hisbank1peopletoborrowsmallamountsofmoneytostartbusiness.Heandthebankwere2awardedtheNobelPeacePrizefortheireffortstohelpbringmillionsofpeople,especiallywomen,outof3.Duringhisvisittothepoorest4inthevillageofJobranearhisuniversity,Yunusmetawomanwhomadebamboostools.To5herbusinessgoing,shehadtotakeoutusuriousloanstobuythebamboo.Hewentaroundthevillageandfound42womenwhowereinthesame6.Hemadealoanof$27fromhisown7tothewomen,andtoldthemtopayitback8theycould.Yunusbelievedthatifgiventhechancethepoorwould9theborrowedmoney,andmicrocreditcouldbeagoodbusinessmodel.Hegotallthemoneyback,andthenhewenttoother10anddidthesamething.Theofficialbanksdidn'twanttogetinvolvedinwhathewasdoing,soYunus11tostarthisownbank.ByJuly2007,theGrameenBankhad12$6.38billionto7.4millionborrowers.ThesuccessofGrameenBankhas13similareffortsinmanycountriesthroughoutthedevelopingworld,andeveninrichnationsliketheUSA.Morethan94%ofGrameenloanshavegoneto14,whosufferfrompovertyandwhoaremore15thanmentodevotetheirearningstotheirfamilies.1.A.agrees B.allows C.attracts D.wishes2.A.hopefully B.actually C.luckily D.jointly3.A.balance B.loss C.poverty D.home4.A.households B.students C.teachers D.children5.A.keep B.catch C.run D.find6.A.dream B.situation C.business D.place7.A.tuition B.school C.bank D.pocket8.A.while B.if C.whenever D.as9.A.save B.afford C.earn D.repay10.A.cities B.villages C.workshops D.countries11.A.managed B.turned C.chanced D.offered12.A.collected B.given C.issued D.donated13.A.appreciated B.inspired C.appealed D.made14.A.families B.people C.women D.villagers15.A.miserable B.difficult C.fortunate D.likely5Kipp'sbeenworkingasaUPSdeliverymanfor28years.He1whathedoes.“It'snotmerelyajob.It'sanextensionofmylife,”hesays.WiththeCOVID-19keepingsomanyathome,thedemandfor2hasskyrocketed,givingKippopportunitiestomakeevenstrongerrelationshipswiththoseonhisroute.Kippmakesfrequent3atthehomeofMax,a14-year-oldboywithautism(自閉癥)who4thevisitsfromKippandseesKippashishero.Forseveralyears,Maxhasalways5forHalloweena