2023年高考真題-英語（新高考Ⅰ卷）含解析

PAGEPAGE12023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試(新高考全國Ⅰ卷)英語學(xué)科本試卷共12頁?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號碼填寫清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫,字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的〖答案〗無效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力（1-20小題）在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABikeRental&GuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount. B.Itofoffersmanytypesofbikes.C.Itorganizesfreecycletours. D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50.3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.D〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在阿姆斯特丹進(jìn)行自行車租賃和雇傭?qū)в蔚牟僮鞣绞?，價格等細(xì)節(jié)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.(我們提供種類繁多的最新自行車，包括有腳剎的基本自行車、有手剎和帶排擋的自行車、帶兒童座椅的自行車和兒童自行車)”可推知，MacBike的優(yōu)勢是它提供許多類型的自行車。故選B。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)定價表可知，租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車一天需要14.75歐元，額外增加天數(shù)每天8歐元。所以租一輛帶手剎和三檔的自行車兩天需要14.75+8=22.75歐元。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游團(tuán)每小時從大壩廣場出發(fā)，每天下午1點(diǎn)開始)”可知，導(dǎo)游城市之旅從大壩廣場開始。故選D。BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.7.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.〖答案〗4.C5.D6.B7.A〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來凈化污水?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會變得清澈。長大后，約翰開始思考這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(幾個星期后，約翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他對結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃了起來！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里是為了測試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年來，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨(dú)處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.8.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.9Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.〖答案〗8.B9.A10.C11.A〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了數(shù)字極簡主義生活方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，倡導(dǎo)簡單的數(shù)字生活方式。8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.(這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡主義辯護(hù)，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學(xué))”可知，這本書的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(這個過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動。在30天結(jié)束的時候，你再加上一些你認(rèn)為會給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動)”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對在線活動進(jìn)行清理和挑選。故選A?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。通過文章第四段“Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.(在第一部分的最后一章中，我將指導(dǎo)您進(jìn)行自己的數(shù)字清理。在這樣做的過程中，我將借鑒我在2018年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，在該實(shí)驗(yàn)中，1600多人同意進(jìn)行數(shù)字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)字清理的實(shí)際例子。故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.(你可以將這些實(shí)踐視為一個工具箱，旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己特定情況的極簡主義生活方式)”可推知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)需要與實(shí)際情況使用第二部分中提及的實(shí)踐。故選A。DOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation. B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.13.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall B.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicate D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups. B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess. D.Theindividualestimates.15Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.〖答案〗12.B13.D14.C15.D〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。沒有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在某些情況下大量獨(dú)立估計的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。【12題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯誤時，這些錯誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時，它們會相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯誤，那么他們的錯誤不會相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，估計的準(zhǔn)確性就會下降)”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計，討論了獨(dú)立估計的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.(從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨(dú)立的)”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步劃分為允許進(jìn)行討論的小組時，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。例如，從四個五人討論組的估計中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個獨(dú)立個體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)確)”可知，人們在沒有獨(dú)立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說明即使在估計數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?(在一項(xiàng)針對100名大學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實(shí)際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對自己的估計最有信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎)”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實(shí)際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個問題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)是小組內(nèi)的討論過程。故選C?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問題，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯)ishuman.____16____Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”____17____Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____18____Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____19____Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.____20____We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritisnomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.〖答案〗16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章鼓勵人們練習(xí)自我寬恕，并提供了一個簡單的寫作練習(xí)來增強(qiáng)自信。通過列出個人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和善良的行為，人們可以學(xué)會原諒自己的錯誤，并從中成長?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯)ishuman.(為錯誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任是積極的一步，但不要因此而自責(zé)。人孰能無過)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人都會犯錯，勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任固然重要，但是也不要因此而過于自責(zé)。結(jié)合空后“Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.(你可以使用下面的寫作練習(xí)來幫助你做到這一點(diǎn))”中的“dothis”以及下文內(nèi)容可推斷，空處應(yīng)該內(nèi)容和“不要太自責(zé)”相似。選項(xiàng)D“It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.(寬恕自己也同樣重要)”與“不要太自責(zé)”語意相近，起承上啟下的作用。故選D?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日記或紙上寫上“個人優(yōu)點(diǎn)”)”以及空后內(nèi)容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有愛心嗎？有創(chuàng)造力嗎？你慷慨嗎？是一個好的傾聽者？與人相處很有趣嗎？它們不一定要改變世界，只要你個性中讓你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空處指的是列出一些你個性中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(現(xiàn)在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點(diǎn))”符合上下文內(nèi)容，下文內(nèi)容具體解釋那些是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選B。【18題詳析】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”O(jiān)nthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二頁的頂部，寫上“善舉”的標(biāo)題。在這張單子上，列出你為別人做過的所有積極的事情。它可能是當(dāng)你幫助朋友做作業(yè)的時候，當(dāng)你沒有被要求卻主動熨衣服的時候，或者當(dāng)你在家人累了一天之后烤餅干的時候)”可知，本段主要講述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。選項(xiàng)F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么，不管它看起來有多小，都要把它寫下來)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，講述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都記下來。故選F?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.(這樣，你們就可以交換意見，談?wù)勈鞘裁醋屇銈兠總€人都與眾不同，以及你們個性中閃光的方面)”可知，空處提到了某種方式，這種方式會使得你和朋友們一起交換意見等。選項(xiàng)C“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他們甚至可能想試一試做練習(xí))”符合語境，C項(xiàng)中的“they”與空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.(你可以讓朋友或家人幫你增加你的列表內(nèi)容。)”中的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同時選項(xiàng)C和下文“Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.(事實(shí)上，不要等到你犯了錯誤才去嘗試這個——這是一個在任何時候都能增強(qiáng)自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故選C?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調(diào))thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.(大多數(shù)人不是從他們的成功中學(xué)習(xí)，而是從他們的錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)，這是陳詞濫調(diào)。但事實(shí)是，這是真的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人是從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)。選項(xiàng)G“Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.(不管你犯了什么錯誤，記住這不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合語境，G項(xiàng)中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后內(nèi)容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.(我們一直在改變和學(xué)習(xí)，錯誤是一種積極的發(fā)展和成長的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯錯并不是性格中固有的一面，我們是通過錯誤來成長。故選G。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave____21____thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her____22____camebecauseshewascarryinga____23____acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher____24____whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She____25____tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith____26____.Shecouldn’t.Baileythen____27____toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____28____attention.Oncethere,Lenouewas____29____andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme____30____tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey’shelp.AsforBailey,sheismore____31____aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig____32____.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn’t____33____her,”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe____34____,they’vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe____35____ofhumankindnesswontheday.21.A.designed B.followed C.changed D.finished22.A.delay B.chance C.trouble D.excuse23.A.judge B.volunteer C.classmate D.competitor24.A.race B.school C.town D.training25.A.agreed B.returned C.stopped D.promised26A.courage B.aid C.patience D.advice27.A.wentaway B.stoodup C.steppedaside D.bentdown28.A.medical B.public C.constant D.equal29.A.interrupted B.assessed C.identified D.appreciated30.A.hunger B.pain C.cold D.tiredness31.A.worried B.ashamed C.confused D.discouraged32.A.game B.problem C.lesson D.deal33.A.leave B.cure C.bother D.understand34.A.ride B.test C.meet D.show35.A.secret B.display C.benefit D.exchange〖答案〗21.D22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.D28.A29.B30.B31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B〖解析〗【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在明尼蘇達(dá)州舉行的一次越野賽中，MelanieBailey背著另一個參賽者DanielleLenoue過終點(diǎn)線并接受醫(yī)療檢查的善行義舉。【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：MelanieBailey應(yīng)該更早完成比賽。A.designed設(shè)計；B.followed跟隨；C.changed改變；D.finished完成。根據(jù)下一段的“carriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____8____attention”可知，Bailey在比賽中背一名參賽者，所以完成比賽晚了，因此句子表示“MelanieBailey應(yīng)該更早完成比賽”。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的延遲是因?yàn)樗持幻偁帉κ譀_過終點(diǎn)線。A.delay延誤；B.chance機(jī)會；C.trouble麻煩；D.excuse借口。根據(jù)上文“MelanieBaileyshouldhave____1____thecourseearlierthanshedid”和上一題的〖解析〗可知，MelanieBailey應(yīng)該更早完成比賽，她的延遲是因?yàn)樗持幻偁帉κ譀_過終點(diǎn)線。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的延遲是因?yàn)樗持幻麉①愓邲_過終點(diǎn)線。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同學(xué)；D.competitor參賽者。根據(jù)第一段的“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”可知，她是背著一名參賽者沖過終點(diǎn)線。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)匾患覉蠹垐蟮溃?dāng)Bailey跑到比賽的三分之二多的時候，她前面的一名選手開始痛苦地哭泣。A.race比賽；B.school學(xué)校；C.town城鎮(zhèn)；D.training訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)第一段的“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”可知，此處是說“當(dāng)Bailey跑到比賽的三分之二多的時候”。故選A。【25題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她停下來幫助她的同伴DanielleLenoue。A.agreed同意；B.returned回來；C.stopped停止；D.promised答應(yīng)。根據(jù)下文“tohelpherfellowrunner”可知，她停下來幫助她的同伴DanielleLenoue。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Bailey扶著她的胳膊，看看她能否幫助下向前走。A.courage勇氣；B.aid幫助；C.patience耐心；D.advice建議。根據(jù)上文“Baileytookherarm”可知，此處表示看她是否能在她的幫助下向前走。故選B。【27題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：然后Bailey彎下腰，讓Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點(diǎn)線，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治療的地方。A.wentaway離開；B.stoodup站起來；C.steppedaside讓路；D.bentdown彎腰。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)etLenoueclimbontoherback”可知，Bailey彎下腰，讓勒諾爬到她的背上。故選D。【28題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后Bailey彎下腰，讓Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點(diǎn)線，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治療的地方。A.medical醫(yī)療的；B.public公眾的；C.constant持續(xù)不斷的；D.equal平等的。根據(jù)上文“begancryinginpain”可知，DanielleLenoue很疼，所以是要接受治療，medicalattention意為“醫(yī)療救助”。故選A?！?9題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了檢查，后來被送往醫(yī)院，在那里她得知自己的一個膝蓋受了重傷。A.interrupted打斷；B.assessed評估；C.identified識別；D.appreciated感激。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)atertakentoahospital”可知，她是先接受了檢查，再被送往醫(yī)院，也就是先接受評估。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有Bailey的幫助，她可能會在極度的痛苦中掙扎著到達(dá)那個援助檢查站。A.hunger饑餓；B.pain疼痛；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲勞。根據(jù)第5空前的“begancryinginpain”可知，此處表示“如果沒有Bailey的幫助，她可能會在極度的痛苦中掙扎著到達(dá)那個援助檢查站”。故選B?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是為什么她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事。A.worried擔(dān)心的；B.ashamed慚愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄氣的。根據(jù)下文“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing”可知，Bailey覺得自己只是做了正確的事情，所以她對她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事感到困惑。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是為什么她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事。A.game游戲；B.problem問題；C.lesson課；D.deal交易，局面。根據(jù)下文“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing”可知，Bailey覺得自己只是做了正確的事情，所以她對她的行為被認(rèn)為是一件大事感到困惑，abigdeal意為“非常重要的事”。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不能離開她。A.leave離開；B.cure治愈；C.bother打擾；D.understand理解。根據(jù)上文“Shewasjustcrying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背著她走到終點(diǎn)線，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看見Lenoue哭喊，所以覺得不能離開她。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然這兩個年輕女子在那場體育比賽之前是陌生人，但后來她們成了朋友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test測試；C.meet體育比賽；D.show展示。根據(jù)第一段“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”及空前的“thetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbefore”可知，當(dāng)時是一場比賽，句子表示“這兩個年輕女子在那場體育比賽之前是陌生人”。故選C。【35題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人都沒有贏得比賽，但展示出的人類善良贏得了勝利。A.secret秘密；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交換。根據(jù)第二段的“l(fā)etLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____8____attention”可知，Bailey背著一個參賽者過終點(diǎn)，并背她去接受檢查，這展示了人類的善良。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,____36____(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____37____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),____38____toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe____39____(rec