高考英語一輪話題復習人教全國版語法專題第一部分專題2

專題2非謂語動詞考向1作賓語或補足語Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequiredtoprocess(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017·全國Ⅰ)解析requiresth./sb.todosth.需要某物/某人做某事，此處用其被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填動詞不定式toprocess作主語補足語。2.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt；byeating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017·全國Ⅰ)解析表示方式的介詞by之后接動名詞作賓語。3.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017·全國Ⅱ)解析included后的dig，lay，build是三個并列的動作，根據(jù)digging及building可知，lay也應用動名詞形式作included的賓語。4.ButSarah，whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprove(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全國Ⅲ)解析wanttodosth.想要做某事，動詞不定式作want的賓語。5.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithoutusing(use)electricequipment.(2015·全國Ⅱ)解析介詞without之后的動詞要用動名詞形式。Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.Whensummeres，theywillinvitetheirstudentseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))pickthefreshvegetables！(2017·全國Ⅱ)解析invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事。2.IshowedthemIwasindependentbyeq\f(wear,wearing)strangeclothes.(2016·全國Ⅲ)解析此處用動名詞作介詞by的賓語。3.Hewouldaskwhowewereandpretendnottoeq\f(knowing,know)us.(2016·浙江)解析pretend后面接不定式作賓語，這里是其否定式pretendnottodo，故把knowing改為know。4.Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandeq\f(take,taking)atrip.(2016·全國Ⅱ)解析此處為between...and...結(jié)構(gòu)，連接動名詞短語作賓語，故此處也要用動名詞形式，與前面保持一致。5.Thepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademeeq\f(felt,feel)likeIwasdreaming.(2015·浙江)解析make后跟復合賓語，當賓補為動詞且與賓語之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，用動詞原形?？枷?作主語或表語Ⅰ.單句語法填空Ittookyearsofworktoreduce(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014·新課標全國Ⅰ)Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.Intheirsparetime，theyareeq\f(interesting,interested)inplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·全國Ⅱ)解析interesting意為“有趣的”，多指事物；interested意為“感興趣的”，多指人。該句的主語是they，故用interested作表語。beinterestedin意為“對……感興趣”。2.eq\f(Have,Having)teainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(2013·新課標全國Ⅱ)解析分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知句子的主語應為Haveteainthelateafternoon這部分，動詞原形不能作句子的主語，所以應該用動名詞形式作主語。考向3作定語單句語法填空1.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s，whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全國Ⅰ)解析因為句中已有謂語動詞was，故此處要用非謂語動詞形式。因permit與reporter之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞形式作后置定語。2.For25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomethingtoeat(eat)！(2016·四川)解析不定式toeat作定語，修飾前面的不定代詞something。句意為：25天中，她寸步不離她的孩子，甚至不去找東西吃！3.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelpanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeopleliving(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015·全國Ⅰ)解析句中已有謂語動詞arranges，故應考慮此處填非謂語動詞。由于live與其所修飾的名詞people之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用表示主動意義的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。4.Astudyoftravelersconducted(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015·全國Ⅰ)解析句意為：TripAdvisor網(wǎng)站進行的一項對于旅行者的調(diào)查把陽朔列為世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，study與conduct構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故此處應該使用過去分詞作定語，修飾名詞study?？枷?作狀語Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Sixteenyearsearlier，Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocook(cook)ameal.(2017·浙江)解析Pahlsson當時摘掉鉆戒的目的是為了做飯，故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。2.Skilledworkersalsobinevarioushardwoodsandmetaltocreate(create)specialdesigns.(2016·全國Ⅲ)解析句中已有謂語bine，故此處應考慮填非謂語動詞，binevarioushardwoodsandmetal的目的是tocreatespecialdesigns，故填動詞不定式作目的狀語。3.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots，using(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.(2016·全國Ⅲ)解析第二句中已有謂語cooked，且無其他連詞，use與主句主語存在主動關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞形式作方式狀語。Ⅱ.單句改錯(僅有1處錯誤)Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjusteq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))getsomemoreofthesebiscuits.(2015·陜西)解析句意為：我也許明年得再退休一次，只是為了能得到更多的餅干。故此處用動詞不定式表示目的?？枷?固定搭配Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16yearoldSarahisnotspendinghalftermresting(rest).(2017·全國Ⅲ)解析spendtime(in)doingsth.為固定搭配。2.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice，you’llbelesslikelytobring(bring)yourworkhome.(2016·全國Ⅱ)解析固定表達belikelytodo...很可能做某事。3.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocool(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；atthesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015·全國Ⅱ)解析“形容詞＋enough＋動詞不定式”為常用句式。Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“eq\f(Turning,Turn)left！”(2017·全國I)解析根據(jù)前面教練發(fā)出的兩個指令可知，這三個屬于并列結(jié)構(gòu)，都是祈使句，都以動詞原形開頭。2.We’vebeenspendingalotoftimeeq\f(sing,singing)inkaraokebars.(2015·四川)解析spendtime(in)doingsth.花費時間做某事，為固定搭配。◆非謂語動詞的形式及句法功能時態(tài)主動被動不定式一般式todotobedone√√√√√√進行式tobedoing×完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone動名詞一般式doingbeingdone√√×√√×完成式havingdonehavingbeendone分詞現(xiàn)在一般式doingbeingdone××××√√√√√√√√完成式havingdonehavingbeendone過去一般式××√√√√◆非謂語動詞的核心考點1.非謂語動詞作狀語(1)不定式作狀語①表示目的IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.②不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動詞不定式前常加only。Georgereturnedafterthewar，onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語①一般式doing表示動作和謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，與句子的主語是主動關(guān)系。Thesunbegantoriseinthesky，bathingthemountainingoldenlight.(主動關(guān)系)②完成式havingdone表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。Igottotheofficeearlierthatday，havingcaughtthe7：30trainfromPaddington.③被動式havingbeendone表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，與句子的主語是被動關(guān)系。Havingbeenheldbackbythetrafficjam,shecouldn’tgetthereontime.(3)過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時，與句子主語之間是被動關(guān)系。Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thecityisverybeautiful.(被動關(guān)系)2.非謂語動詞作定語(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動作的主動和進行。(2)不定式作定語不定式作定語表示未做的事情。Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.不定式作定語的特殊用法：①下列詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance，right，courage，promise，time，opportunity，way，thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly等。②不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.(3)過去分詞作定語過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動關(guān)系，表示該動作的被動或完成。Youcannotacceptanopinionofferedtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.Hisfirstbookpublishedlastmonthisbasedonatruestory.注意：表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞ing形式，意為“令人……的”；動詞ed形式，意為“(人)感到……的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名詞。3.非謂語動詞作賓語(1)動詞afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作賓語；動詞e，get，grow后接不定式作賓語時，意為“逐漸地……”。Davidrefusedtoacceptmyinvitation.Shehasahottemper，butyouwillgrowtolikeher.注意：下列單詞或短語后可接“疑問詞＋不定式”作賓語：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，findout，advise，discuss等。Idon’tknowhowtodealwiththiskindofmatter.(2)①動詞admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考慮)，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接動名詞作賓語。BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.②動詞短語can’tstand，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote...to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，havefun等后要接動名詞作賓語。Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)findingthesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.Onhisarrival/Onarrivingatthestation，hefoundthetrainhadjuststarted.注意：Ilikelisteningtomusic，buttodayIdon’tliketo.②want，require，need表“需要”講，后用不定式時，要用其被動形式；用動名詞時，用其主動形式(表被動意義)。Thepatientrequiredtobeexamined.Thepatientrequiredexamining.4.非謂語動詞作主語(1)動名詞作主語Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(動名詞短語作主語，it作形式主語)(2)不定式作主語Toseeistobelieve.＝Seeingisbelieving.Itisimportanttorespectpeople.(不定式短語作主語，it作形式主語)5.非謂語動詞作賓補(1)分詞作補語的區(qū)別①現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的兩大特征：一是賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞有主謂關(guān)系；二是現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進行?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞(短語)常見的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，listento，lookat等。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(被動，正在進行)②過去分詞作賓補的兩大特征：一是及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補與賓語有動賓關(guān)系；二是不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補與賓語有主謂關(guān)系，多用來表示動作已完成?？山舆^去分詞作賓補的動詞有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.Iwassurprisedtofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.(2)不定式作補語①接帶to的不定式作賓補，此類動詞(短語)有：advise，allow，ask，cause，mand，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，invite，leave，like，mean，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，tell，want，warn，wish，callon，dependon/upon，longfor，waitfor等。Ididn’tmeanyoutohearit.We’realllongingforthenewtermtobegin.②接不帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞(短語)有：make，have，let等使役動詞以及see，watch，notice，observe，lookat，feel，hear，listento等感官動詞。如果這些動詞或短語用于被動語態(tài)，則to不可省略。動詞help后的不定式符號to可以省略，也可以保留。Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.Shewasseentoenterthemanager’sofficetenminutesago.(3)with＋賓語＋賓補Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhisworkfinished，hegladlyacceptedit.Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle，thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.6.非謂語動詞作表語(1)動名詞作表語時，說明主語的內(nèi)容。Thequeen’sworkislayingeggs.(2)不定式作表語時，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動作，或表示將來的動作。HisambitionistogotoHarvardUniversity.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作表語時，通常為分詞化的形容詞。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday，wearing(wear)sunglasses.2.Shewishedthathewasaseasytoplease(please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.3.Built(build)in1192，thebridgeisover800yearsold.4.Collecting(collect)stampsseemstobehismainhobby.5.Ididn’ttalkmuchtothemansitting(sit)nexttome.6.Weatherpermitting(permit)，we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.Ialsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotoseq\f(taking,taken)inBeijing.2.Well，Ihadbettertostopnow.3.Ilookforwardtoeq\f(see,seeing)heragaininthenearfuture.4.eq\f(Felt,Feeling)hungry，webuiltafirebythelakeandbarbecuedafish.5.Weshouldfindwaystoreusethewatereq\f(using,used)inwashing.Ⅲ.語法填空(非謂語動詞專練)Thereisawonderfulstoryaboutayounggirlwhohadnofamilyandnoone1.tolove(love)her.Oneday,2.feeling(feel)verysadandlonely，shewaswalkingthroughagrasslandwhenshenoticedasmallbutterfly3.caught(catch)inathornybush.Theyounggirlcarefullyreleasedthebutterfly.Insteadof4.flying(fly)away，thelittlebutterflychangedintoabeautifulfairy.“Inreturnforyourwonderfulkindness，”thegoodfairysaidtothegirl，“Iwillgiveyouanywishthatyouwouldlike5.toget(get).”Thelittlegirlthoughtforamomentandthenreplied，“Iwanttobehappy.”6.Leaning(lean)towardher，thefairywhisperedinherearandthendisappeared.Withthelittlegirl7.growing(grow)up，therewasnooneinthelandhappierthanshewas.Everyonewantedtomakethemselves8.told(tell)thesecretofhappinessbyher.Shewouldonlysmileandanswer，“ThesecretofmyhappinessisthatIlistenedtoagoodfairywhenIwasalittlegirl.”Whenshewasdying，theneighborsallgatheredaroundher,9.fearing(fear)thatherunbelievablesecretofhappinesswoulddiewithher.Sotheybeggedher10.totell(tell)themwhatthego