浙江省環(huán)大羅山聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期6月期末英語試題

絕密★考試結(jié)束前2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期溫州環(huán)大羅山聯(lián)盟期末聯(lián)考高二年級英語學(xué)科試題考生須知:1.本卷共8頁滿分150分,考試時間120分鐘。2.答題前,在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準(zhǔn)考證號并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。3.所有答案必須寫在答題紙上,寫在試卷上無效。選擇題部分第一部分:聽力（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一小題,從題中所給的A、B.C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanwanttoget?A.Tapwater.B.Atable.C.Atennisball.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Buyingmaterials.B.Paintingapicture.C.Preparingforanartlesson.3.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.Threedollars.B.Fivedollars.C.Sevendollars.4Whatdoesthemansayabouttherestaurant?A.Thewaiterswerenoisy.B.Thefoodwasnothisthing.C.Theatmospherewasfriendly.5.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inahotel.B.Inthepublichouse.C.Inasupermarket.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘。聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Managerandsecretary.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestaddingtothepresentation?A.Morefacts.B.Morefigures.C.Morepictures.聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Theman'shouse.B.Theeffectsofglobalwarming.C.Theman'sjob.9.Whatisalwaysniceaccordingtotheman?A.Animalscangetmorefood.B.Greencanbeseenallyearround.C.Helivesbythesea.10.Whatcouldfarmersgrowbefore?A.Grass.B.Vegetables.C.Trees.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.WhenwillSingingwithGuitarfinishtonight?A.At8:00.B.At9:00.C.At10:00.12.WhatwillthemandoonWednesday?A.Singfolksongs.B.Watchaperformance.C.Meetajournalist.13.Wherewillthemanprobablygonext?A.Thestudentservicesoffice.B.Theschoolhall.C.Thelectureroom.聽第9段材科,回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheaimofthecampaign?A.ToremindpeopleofEarthDay.B.Toencouragepeopletoreducegarbage.C.Towarnpeopleofthebadeffectsofpollution.15.Whatwillbethetaskonthesecondday?A.Plantingtrees.B.Designingposters.C.Collectinggarbage.16.Whatdoesthemanexpecttheteacherstodo?A.Paintpaper.B.Stopdrivingcars.C.Decorateclassrooms.17.HowdoesSarafindtheman'sideas?A.Ridiculous.B.Confusing.C.Wonderful.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.Whatdidthespeakerpersuadetheschooltodotoraisemoney?A.Organizeaconcert.B.Collecttherubbish.C.Sellsecondhandbooks.19.Howmuchmoredidtheactiongroupneedaftercollectingmoneyforsixmonths?A.￡15,000.B.￡10,000.C.￡5,000.20.Whatwasmostmunitymembers'attitudetowardsusingXcite?A.Concerned.B.Uncaring.C.Approving.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項,AManypeoplesayartisgrandsotheyareafraidoftouchingthetopic.However,artcanhelpusdevelopoursenseofaesthetics(美學(xué)).Herearesomeremendedbooksforyoutoopenthedoortoart.●TheSecretLivesofColorbyKassiaSt.ClairInthisbook,Clairtellsreadersaboutunusualstoriesof75amazingcolors.Itincludesimportantusesofthesecolorsandtheirculturalsymbolism.Byreadingthisbook,youwillgetabetterappreciationforcolorsandlearnhowtousethemmoreappropriatelyinpractice.●HowtoBeanArtistbyJerrySaltzDoyoudreamofbeinganartistbuthavenobasicknowledgeaboutart?Thisbookcanhelpyou.Saltzshareshisinsightsaboutwhat’sreallyimportantforartiststoknow.Meanwhile,healsogivesreadersadviceandsharespromptsandrulesforthemtofollow.●ThePracticeandScienceofDrawingbyHaroldSpeedInthisbook,Speednotonlyteachesreadersdifferentdrawingtechniquesbutalsoshowshowtoachievetheirartisticvision.Speedalsoquestionsandchallengesthedefinitionofart,allowingreaderstothinkmoredeeplyaboutwhatitmeanstodraw.●TheMasterGuidetoDrawingAnimebyChristopherHartIfyouwanttobeananimationartist,thenthebookisquitesuitableforyou.Itgivessomecharacterframeworksforsixmostpopulartypesofcartooncharacters.Thenyoucanfollowthebook’sdetailedinstructionstofinishthecharactersstepbystep.1.WhatdoTheSecretLivesofColorandHowtoBeanArtisthaveinmon?A.Botharepresentedintheformofstorytelling.B.Bothshowtheworksoffamousartistsinhistory.C.Bothprovidepracticalartisticguidanceforreaders.D.Bothexploretherelationshipbetweenartandculture.2.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSpeed’sbook?A.Mindstirring. B.Timeeffective.C.Challengefree. D.Energysaving.3.What’sthepurposeofwritingthetext?A.Tohighlightthesignificanceofarteducation.B.Toremendsuitablebooksforartbeginners.C.Todevelopreaders’artisticskillsandappreciation.D.Todiscussvariousarttechniquesandapplications【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要為藝術(shù)初學(xué)者提供一些書籍，通過閱讀這些書籍，可以打開藝術(shù)的大門，提高自己的審美能力。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章“TheSecretLivesofColorbyKassiaSt.Clair”部分的內(nèi)容“Byreadingthisbook,youwillgetabetterappreciationforcolorsandlearnhowtousethemmoreappropriatelyinpractice.(通過閱讀這本書，你會對顏色有更好的欣賞，并學(xué)會如何在實踐中更恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟鼈儭?”可知，這本書里講述了如何在實踐中使用顏色；而“HowtoBeanArtistbyJerrySaltz”部分內(nèi)容“Meanwhile,healsogivesreadersadviceandsharespromptsandrulesforthemtofollow.(同時，他也會給讀者一些建議，分享一些提示和規(guī)則供他們遵循。)”提到作者在書中提供了建議，提示和規(guī)則，以供實際參考。由此可推知，兩本書的共同點是：都為讀者提供了實用性的可操作的藝術(shù)指導(dǎo)。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章“ThePracticeandScienceofDrawingbyHaroldSpeed”部分內(nèi)容“Inthisbook,Speednotonlyteachesreadersdifferentdrawingtechniquesbutalsoshowshowtoachievetheirartisticvision.Speedalsoquestionsandchallengesthedefinitionofart,allowingreaderstothinkmoredeeplyaboutwhatitmeanstodraw.(在這本書中，Speed不僅教會了讀者不同的繪畫技巧，還展示了如何實現(xiàn)他們的藝術(shù)愿景。Speed還質(zhì)疑和挑戰(zhàn)了藝術(shù)的定義，讓讀者更深入地思考繪畫意味著什么。)”可知，作者Speed在書中教給讀者繪畫技巧，展示了如何實現(xiàn)藝術(shù)愿景，同時提出了質(zhì)疑和挑戰(zhàn)，給讀者空間開放性思考繪畫的意義。由此可推知，這本書是一本能夠激發(fā)讀者思考的書。故選A項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章首段末尾句內(nèi)容“Herearesomeremendedbooksforyoutoopenthedoortoart.(這里有一些推薦的書籍，為你打開藝術(shù)的大門。)”可知，作者在文章中主要推薦了幾本有關(guān)藝術(shù)的書籍。由此推知，文章的寫作目的是向讀者或藝術(shù)初學(xué)者推薦相關(guān)書籍。故選B項。BBorninLondonin1970,JayBladesisthefurniturerestorerandTVpresenterbestknownforTheRepairShop.Hereflectsongrowinguppoor,discoveringfashion,andwhyfamewillnevergotohishead.LivinginHackneyinthe1980s,onecoulddressacertainwaytomandrespect.Mybiggestinspirationwassomeonethatmymumwaswithatthetime,amancalledLloyd.Lloydheldtheroominawaythatwasdifferentfromtheothermeninmyarea.Beforethen,Ihadlookeduptonaughtypeople;theygotthetypeofadmirationIwanted.Theyweren’tnecessarilydoinggoodthingstogetthatkindofrespect:infact,itwasbecauseotherpeoplewereafraidofthem—theywererespectfulbecausetheydidn’twanttogethurt.Lloyd,meanwhile,wasneatlydressed.PeoplelikedhimbecauseofthatandIwantedtolooklikethat.Igotkickedoutofschoolat15forfighting.TherewasalotofracisminmyschoolandIwoulddefendpeoplewhohadbeenbulliedorraciallyabused.IstartedgoingouttotheWestEndwhenIwas16,whichtotallyopenedupmyhorizonsandgotmesoakedinthisnewculture.IstoppedfightingonceIleftHackneywhenIwas19or20.Butwhat’simportanttounderstandisthatIwasgrowingupinanareawithalotofdesperatepeople.Weallneededawayout,andyoudidwhateveryouhadtodotosurvive—wewerelikecrabsinabucketcrawlingovereachother.WhenIwas21,Istartedworkinginahomelessshelterandittotallychangedmylife.Whileworkingforacharitywhichencouragedyoungpeopletorepairfurniture,IdiscoveredIhadaskillforcraftingandfixingobjects.Later,IfoundmycareerasafurniturerestorerandTVpresenter.Thecharityworkchangedmyperspective,too.IrealizedIhadempathyandenjoyedconnectingwithpeoplewhohadnothingmaterialbutstillhadeverythingtheyneeded.Therewasnopointinreturningangerwithanger,resentmentwithresentment.4.WhatmessagedidLloyd’sappearanceconveytoyoungJayBlades?A.Decentclothesmakegoodmen. B.Properdressingcanearnrespect.C.Distinctivestylewinsadmiration. D.Naughtypeopleshouldbeneglected.5.WhichisNOTthereasonforpeoplebeingmeantoeachotherinHackneythen?A.Theiryoungage. B.Limitedresources.C.Racialdiscrimination. D.Terriblelivingconditions.6.HowdidtheexperienceinthehomelessshelteraffectJay?A.Ittaughtyoungpeopletobetolerant. B.ItmadehimworkasaTVpresenter.C.Ithelpedhimtoidentifyhistalentandnature. D.Itencouragedyoungpeopletobevolunteers.7.Wherecanweprobablyfindthetext?A.Areport. B.Acolumn. C.Adiary. D.Areview【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要是家具修復(fù)師和電視節(jié)目主持人杰伊·布雷茲回顧自己的人生經(jīng)歷以及感悟?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Lloyd,meanwhile,wasneatlydressed.PeoplelikedhimbecauseofthatandIwantedtolooklikethat.(與此同時，勞埃德穿得整整齊齊。人們因此喜歡他，而我也想成為那樣的人)”可知，勞埃德的出現(xiàn)告訴年輕的杰伊·布雷茲得體的穿著可以贏得尊重。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“TherewasalotofracisminmyschoolandIwoulddefendpeoplewhohadbeenbulliedorraciallyabused.(我的學(xué)校里有很多種族主義，我會為那些被欺負(fù)或受到種族歧視的人辯護)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“Butwhat’simportanttounderstandisthatIwasgrowingupinanareawithalotofdesperatepeople.Weallneededawayout,andyoudidwhateveryouhadtodotosurvive—wewerelikecrabsinabucketcrawlingovereachother.(但重要的是要明白，我成長的地方有很多絕望的人。我們都需要一條出路，而你為了生存做了你必須做的一切——我們就像桶里的螃蟹一樣互相爬過)”可知，年級小不是人們互相刻薄的原因。故選A。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thecharityworkchangedmyperspective,too.IrealizedIhadempathyandenjoyedconnectingwithpeoplewhohadnothingmaterialbutstillhadeverythingtheyneeded.(慈善工作也改變了我的觀點。我意識到我有同理心，喜歡和那些一無所有但卻擁有他們所需要的一切的人交往)”可知，在收容所的經(jīng)歷幫助他發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的天賦和本性。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“BorninLondonin1970,JayBladesisthefurniturerestorerandTVpresenterbestknownforTheRepairShop.Hereflectsongrowinguppoor,discoveringfashion,andwhyfamewillnevergotohishead.(杰伊·布雷茲1970年出生于倫敦，是一名家具修復(fù)師和電視節(jié)目主持人，他最出名節(jié)目是《修理店》。他回顧了貧窮的成長過程，發(fā)現(xiàn)了時尚，以及為什么名聲永遠(yuǎn)不會沖昏他的頭腦)”結(jié)合文章主要是杰伊·布雷茲回顧自己的人生經(jīng)歷以及感悟?？芍?，文章選自專欄。故選B。CTheJan.17,1994,NorthridgeearthquakecausedextensivedamagetoroadwaysinLosAngeles,particularlyonthe10FreewayeastofCulverCity.TwofreewaybridgesatLaCienegaandWashingtonwereknockedout,resultinginsignificantinterruptionstothecrucialeastwesttrafficcorridorincentralLosAngeles.TheSantaMonicaFreewaywasreopenedinlessthanthreemonths,providingaboosttoL.A.’squakerecovery.Inrecentevents,afireonthe10Freeway,againclosingtheroadway,hasbroughtparisonto1994.Theextentofthedamageandrepairtimelineremainuncertain.MayorKarenBassemphasizedtheneedforurgentactionandasimilareffortasthe1994earthquakerepairs.Hereisareviewofthatepic1994repaireffortfromthepagesofTheTimes.Officialsknewrightawaytheyneededtogetthefreewayoperatingassoonaspossible.Withanaverageof341,000vehiclesadayusingtheroadway,theysaid,theextratimeittookgoodstoreachtheirdestinationsandworkerstogettotheirjobscostmillionsinlostproductionandwages.Itwasestimatedthattheclosurecosttheeconomy$1millionperday.Theclosureofthefreewayforcedmuterstoseekalternativeroutes,causingcongestion(擁塞)onalreadycrowdedsurfacestreetsbetweenSantaMonicaanddowntownLosAngeles.Detours(繞路)addeddelaysof20minutesormoretotraveltimes.Luckily,anacceleratedconstructioneffortwaslaunched,involvingroundtheclockwork.Thisresultedinearlierthanexpectedreopenings.ContractorC.C.MyersInc.pletedtheproject74daysaheadofschedule.Theyreceiveda$200,000bonusforeachdaytheworkwasfinishedearly.However,thecostoftheprojectescalatedfromtheoriginalbidof$14.9milliontonearly$30millionduetotheplexityandurgencyoftherepairs.TherepaireffortsfollowingtheNorthridgeearthquakewerecharacterizedbyintenseandfocusedworktorestorecriticaltransportationinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).Theseexperiencesserveasareferencepointforthecurrentsituation,callingforswiftactioninrepairingthefiredamaged10Freeway.8.Whywastherecentfireparedtothe1994earthquake?A.ToindicatetheseveredamageithadcausedB.Toshowcitizens’devotiontotherepairwork.C.Tostressthenecessityofimmediaterepaireffort.D.Toexplainthedifficultyofrepairingthedamage.9.Whatisparagraphs4mainlyabout?A.Theimpactsofthefreewayclosure. B.Theeconomicvalueofthefreeway.C.Theoperatingsystemofthefreeway. D.Thecostofthefreewayconstruction.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“escalated”inparagraph5mean?A.Transformed. B.Mounted.C.Maintained. D.Restricted.11.Whatdoweknowaboutthe1994earthquakerepairs?A.Therepairswereacplishedin74days.B.Therepairswerepletedunderbudget.C.TherepairsweremainlyfundedbyC.C.MyersInc..D.Therepairswereplicatedandlabordemanding.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要回顧了1994年北嶺地震后的修復(fù)工作?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inrecentevents,afireonthe10Freeway,againclosingtheroadway,hasbroughtparisonto1994.Theextentofthedamageandrepairtimelineremainuncertain.MayorKarenBassemphasizedtheneedforurgentactionandasimilareffortasthe1994earthquakerepairs.(在最近的事件中，10號高速公路發(fā)生火災(zāi)，再次關(guān)閉了道路，這與1994年堪有一比。損壞程度和修復(fù)時間表仍不確定。市長KarenBass強調(diào)，需要采取緊急行動，并做出與1994年地震修復(fù)類似的努力。)”可知，將最近的火災(zāi)與1994年的地震進行比較是為了強調(diào)立即修復(fù)工作的必要性。故選C項。【9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“Withanaverageof341,000vehiclesadayusingtheroadway,theysaid,theextratimeittookgoodstoreachtheirdestinationsandworkerstogettotheirjobscostmillionsinlostproductionandwages.Itwasestimatedthattheclosurecosttheeconomy$1millionperday.Theclosureofthefreewayforcedmuterstoseekalternativeroutes,causingcongestion(擁塞)onalreadycrowdedsurfacestreetsbetweenSantaMonicaanddowntownLosAngeles.Detours(繞路)addeddelaysof20minutesormoretotraveltimes.(他們說，平均每天有34.1萬輛汽車通過這條道路，貨物到達(dá)目的地和工人上班所需的額外時間造成了數(shù)百萬美元的生產(chǎn)和工資損失。據(jù)估計，關(guān)閉高速公路每天給經(jīng)濟造成100萬美元的損失。高速公路的關(guān)閉迫使通勤者尋找其他路線，導(dǎo)致圣莫尼卡和洛杉磯市中心之間已經(jīng)擁擠的地面街道擁堵。繞路會使旅行時間延遲20分鐘以上。)”可知，本段主要講的是高速公路關(guān)閉的影響。故選A項?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前文“ContractorC.C.MyersInc.pletedtheproject74daysaheadofschedule.Theyreceiveda$200,000bonusforeachdaytheworkwasfinishedearly.(承包商C.C.MyersInc.提前74天完成了該項目。工作每提早完成一天，他們就能得到20萬美元的獎金。)”說明承包商因為提前完成項目拿到更多的獎金，項目的成本增加了，從而推知劃線詞句“However,thecostoftheprojectescalatedfromtheoriginalbidof$14.9milliontonearly$30millionduetotheplexityandurgencyoftherepairs.(然而，由于維修的復(fù)雜性和緊迫性，該項目的成本從最初的1490萬美元escalated到近3000萬美元。)”其中劃線詞匯意思是“增加，上升”。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Withanaverageof341,000vehiclesadayusingtheroadway,theysaid,theextratimeittookgoodstoreachtheirdestinationsandworkerstogettotheirjobscostmillionsinlostproductionandwages.(他們說，平均每天有34.1萬輛汽車通過這條道路，貨物到達(dá)目的地和工人上班所需的額外時間造成了數(shù)百萬美元的生產(chǎn)和工資損失。)”及第五段中“However,thecostoftheprojectescalatedfromtheoriginalbidof$14.9milliontonearly$30millionduetotheplexityandurgencyoftherepairs.(然而，由于修復(fù)的復(fù)雜性和緊迫性，該項目的成本從最初的1490萬美元escalated到近3000萬美元。)”可以推知，1994年地震的修復(fù)工作很復(fù)雜，而且需要大量勞動力。故選D項。DIfyouwanttokeepyourkidsfromdrinking,startbylookingatyourownconsumption.That’sbecauseadolescentswhoseparentsdrankregularlyorbingedrankwerefourtimesmorelikelytodrinkthemselves,accordingtoanewlypublishedstudy.Bingedrinkingisdefinedasatleastfourdrinksforwomenandfivedrinksformenononeoccasion.Dr.MarissaEsser,seniorstudyauthor,stressesthatbingedrinkingnotonlyharmsthedrinkerbutincreasesthelikelihoodoftheirteensengaginginalcoholconsumption.Itisn’tsurprisingtoseeaconnectionbetweenparentandteendrinking.Thereasoncouldbetiedtomultiplethingslikemodeling,alcoholaccessibilityinthehomeoraparent’spermissivenessarounddrinking,saidDr.ScottHadland,chiefofadolescentandyoungadultmedicineatMassachusettsGeneralHospital.However,Dr.Dick,directoroftheRutgersAddictionResearchCenter,suggestsastronggeneticponentmayalsoplayarole.“About50%ofthedifferencesbetweenhowmuchkidsdrink—especiallyastheymovethroughadolescenceintoyoungadulthood—isduetodifferencesintheirgenes,”Dicksaid.Teenagers’alcoholconsumptionisacauseforconcernduetopotentialhealthandbraindevelopmentconsequences.Dr.Dickhighlightsthattheageatwhichapersonbeginsdrinkingiscloselylinkedtotheirriskofdevelopingaddiction.DatacitedbyDr.Dickindicatesthatover45%ofindividualswhostartdrinkingatage13oryoungerexperiencealcoholrelatedissues,whilelessthan10%ofthosewhodelaydrinkinguntilage21developanalcoholusedisorder.Reducingparentalalcoholconsumptioncanbechallenging,evenforthosewithoutalcoholproblems.“Maybeit’sdifficultbecauseyouhaveahabitofsettlingdownafteralongdaywithaglassofwineorbecauseitfeelsstrangetobeatapartywithfriendsandnothaveacocktailinhand,”saidjournalistRosamundDean.However,ifyou’relookingtoreduceyourdrinking,there’reeffectivewaystodoit,shesaid.12.WhichofthefollowingisDr.Dick’spointofview?A.AlcoholintakevariationaregeneticallyinfluencedB.Earlyalcoholinitiationreducesfuturealcoholrisks.C.Alcoholaddictionisasevereproblemamongteens.D.Delayingdrinkinghelpsteensavoidalcoholaddiction.13.HowdoesDr.Dickillustratehispointofview?A.Byofferingexamples. B.Bygivingadefinition.C.Bypresentingstatistics. D.Byquotingexperts’words.14.Whatmightbetalkedaboutinthefollowingupparagraph?A.Whyteensshouldreducedrinking. B.Howparentscancutdownonalcohol.C.Whatkindsofteensmayhavealcoholissues. D.Whatinfluencesteens’alcoholconsumption.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AlcoholandTeenagers:AConcernofParentsB.AlcoholUseDisorder:AnIssueAmongTeenagersC.Parents’AlcoholConsumption:AHarmlessPastimeD.ParentalImpactonTeenDrinking:AReminderforFamilies【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了父母會影響青少年的飲酒量，引用了相關(guān)的研究加以證明。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“However,Dr.Dick,directoroftheRutgersAddictionResearchCenter,suggestsastronggeneticponentmayalsoplayarole.“About50%ofthedifferencesbetweenhowmuchkidsdrink—especiallyastheymovethroughadolescenceintoyoungadulthood—isduetodifferencesintheirgenes,”Dicksaid.(然而，羅格斯大學(xué)成癮研究中心主任迪克博士認(rèn)為，強烈的遺傳成分也可能起作用。迪克說:“孩子們飲酒量的差異——尤其是當(dāng)他們從青春期進入青年期時——大約有50%是由于他們的基因差異造成的。”)”可知，酒精攝入量的變化受基因影響。故選A。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“DatacitedbyDr.Dickindicatesthatover45%ofindividualswhostartdrinkingatage13oryoungerexperiencealcoholrelatedissues,whilelessthan10%ofthosewhodelaydrinkinguntilage21developanalcoholusedisorder.(迪克博士引用的數(shù)據(jù)表明，在13歲或更小的年齡開始飲酒的人中，超過45%的人會出現(xiàn)與酒精有關(guān)的問題，而在21歲才開始飲酒的人中，只有不到10%的人會出現(xiàn)酒精使用障礙)”可知，迪克博士通過提供統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)闡述他的觀點。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Reducingparentalalcoholconsumptioncanbechallenging,evenforthosewithoutalcoholproblems.“Maybeit’sdifficultbecauseyouhaveahabitofsettlingdownafteralongdaywithaglassofwineorbecauseitfeelsstrangetobeatapartywithfriendsandnothaveacocktailinhand,”saidjournalistRosamundDean.However,ifyou’relookingtoreduceyourdrinking,there’reeffectivewaystodoit,shesaid.(即使對那些沒有酗酒問題的人來說，減少父母的飲酒量也是一項挑戰(zhàn)。記者羅莎蒙德·迪安說：“也許這很難，因為你習(xí)慣在漫長的一天后喝一杯葡萄酒安頓下來，或者是因為在和朋友聚會時手里沒有雞尾酒會覺得很奇怪?！比欢?，如果你想減少飲酒量，有一些有效的方法可以做到，她說。)”可知，在接下來的段落中可能會討論父母如何減少飲酒。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyouwanttokeepyourkidsfromdrinking,startbylookingatyourownconsumption.That’sbecauseadolescentswhoseparentsdrankregularlyorbingedrankwerefourtimesmorelikelytodrinkthemselves,accordingtoanewlypublishedstudy.(如果你想阻止孩子飲酒，那就先審視一下自己的飲酒習(xí)慣吧。一項最新發(fā)表的研究表明，父母經(jīng)常飲酒或酗酒的青少年，自己也喝酒的可能性是（其他青少年的）四倍。)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了父母會影響青少年的飲酒量，引用了相關(guān)的研究加以證明?？芍?，D選項“父母對青少年飲酒的影響：對家庭的提醒”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Productivitycanbeastruggleformanyofus.Overflowingemailinboxes,housework,socialobligations—itcanbeeasytofeeloverwhelmed.However,onesimpletoolthatcanhelpusstayontopofeverythingisthetodolist.___16___.PsychologistandauthorDavidCohenhighlightsthreekeyreasonswhylistsarebeneficial.Firstly,theyprovidearespite(緩解)fromchaosandanxietythatarisefromhavinganendlessstreamoftasks.___17___Secondly,listsofferstructureandguidance,givingusaplantofollow.Andourbrainsaremorelikelytostoreinformationwhenit’spresentedinanorganizedmanner.Lastly,listsserveasproofofwhatwehaveachieved,whichcanhelpboostoursenseofacplishmentandmotivation.___18___Psychologistsusethistermtodescribehowwetendtorememberunfinishedtasksbetterthanpletedones.AstudyconductedbyresearchersfromWakeForestUniversitydemonstratedtheimpactoftheZeigarnikeffectonagroupofparticipants.Duringtheexperiment,awarmuptaskwasinterruptedhalfwaythrough,andonlysomeindividualswereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthegroupwhohadtheopportunitytoplanexperiencedreducedanxietyandperformedbetterinthesubsequenttask.___19___Thus,whenwecheckoffanitemonourlist,ourbrainscanletgoofit,allowingustorelax.Inconclusion,it’sevidentthatlistsareavaluabletoolformaintainingcontrolandorganizationinourlives.___20___Byharnessing(利用)thepoweroflists,wecanenhanceourproductivityandfindgreaterpeaceofmindamidstlife’sdemands.A.Writeitdown,dothetasksandcrossthemoff—simple!B.Anotherexplanationforourattractiontolistsliesinthe“ZeigarnikEffect”.C.Theyalleviatestress,providestructure,andofferasenseofacplishment.D.Butthewarmuptaskremainedanuncheckeditemontheirmentaltodolist.E.Meanwhile,theothersstillhadthewarmuptaskstuckintheiractivememory.F.Bywritingeverythingdown,wefreeupourmindsandcanfocusonthetaskathand.G.Additionally,the“ZeigarnikEffect”suggeststhatunfinishedtaskscancreateasenseofmentaltension.【答案】16.A17.F18.B19.E20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了待辦事項清單的好處和原因。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Productivitycanbeastruggleformanyofus.Overflowingemailinboxes,housework,socialobligations—itcanbeeasytofeeloverwhelmed.However,onesimpletoolthatcanhelpusstayontopofeverythingisthetodolist.(對我們很多人來說，提高效率是一件很困難的事情。郵箱爆滿、家務(wù)、社會責(zé)任——很容易讓人感到不堪重負(fù)。然而，有一個簡單的工具可以幫助我們掌握一切，那就是待辦事項清單。)”可知，上文提到了待辦事項清單，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文，說明如何使用這一工具。故A選項“寫下來，完成任務(wù)，劃掉——簡單！”符合語境，故選A。17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“PsychologistandauthorDavidCohenhighlightsthreekeyreasonswhylistsarebeneficial.Firstly,theyprovidearespite(緩解)fromchaosandanxietythatarisefromhavinganendlessstreamoftasks.(心理學(xué)家兼作家大衛(wèi)·科恩強調(diào)了清單有益的三個關(guān)鍵原因。首先，它們可以緩解由于沒完沒了的任務(wù)而產(chǎn)生的混亂和焦慮。)”可知，上文解釋了清單“可以緩解由于沒完沒了的任務(wù)而產(chǎn)生的混亂和焦慮”，本句承接上文，對如何緩解混亂和焦慮進行具體說明。故F選項“通過把所有的事情寫下來，我們可以解放我們的思想，專注于手頭的任務(wù)?！狈险Z境，故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Psychologistsusethistermtodescribehowwetendtorememberunfinishedtasksbetterthanpletedones.(心理學(xué)家用這個術(shù)語來描述我們?nèi)绾胃菀子涀∥赐瓿傻娜蝿?wù)而不是完成的任務(wù)。)”可知，本句主要提出后文提到的術(shù)語，B選項中ZeigarnikEffect對應(yīng)后文thisterm。故B選項“對我們喜歡清單的另一個解釋是“蔡加尼克效應(yīng)”?！狈险Z境，故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Duringtheexperiment,awarmuptaskwasinterruptedhalfwaythrough,andonlysomeindividualswereallowedtomakeplanstofinishit.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthegroupwhohadtheopportunitytoplanexperiencedreducedanxietyandperformedbetterinthesubsequenttask.(在實驗中，一項熱身任務(wù)中途被打斷，只有一些人被允許制定完成計劃。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有機會做計劃的那組人焦慮感降低，在隨后的任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)更好。)”可知，上文提到只有一些人被允許制定完成計劃，推測本句是在說明其他人的表現(xiàn)。故E選項“與此同時，其他人仍然把熱身任務(wù)留在他們的主動記憶中”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inconclusion,it’sevidentthatlistsareavaluabletoolformaintainingcontrolandorganizationinourlives.(總之，很明顯，清單是我們生活中保持控制和組織的一個有價值的工具。)”可知，本句承接上文，說明清單的具體好處。C選項中They指代上文lists。故C選項“它們減輕壓力，提供結(jié)構(gòu)，并提供成就感。”符合語境，故選C。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Mondaymorning,Iwasrunninglateforwork,makingmywaythroughthe___21___subwaystation.Finally,Imanagedto___22___apackedtrainandgotoffatmystop.AsIwalkedtomyofficebuilding,Inoticedagirl,around8yearsold,___23___byherlittlebrother,sellingpens.She___24___me,saying,"Pleasebuyapen."Burdenedbymy___25___,Iinitiallyignoredherandpolitely___26___,saying,"Idon'tneedapen,thankyou."Butshe___27___andurgedmetostop,"Justtakeone."Atthatmoment,Ifelt___28___,exclaimingtomyself,"God,howdidIgetmyselfintothis?"Eventually,I___29___andpurchasedapenfromher.Thegirl'sface___30___litupwithjoy.Icouldn'tunderstandwhysuchasimple2rupeepenwouldbringhersuchhappiness.___31___,Iinquiredfurther.Sherevealedthatshesoldpensforfamilyfoodanddesiredtobuyalollipopforherbrother,whichcost10rupees.To___32___this,sheneededtosell5extrapens.Herwordsleftme___33___,totallyshockedbyherharshreality.Deeply___34___,Iboughtthreelollipops—oneforher,oneforherbrother,andoneasasmall___35___formyself.Atthatmoment,Irealizedthatitisthroughopeningourheartstoothersthatwetrulyexperiencethebeautylifehastooffer.21.A.damp B.fortable C.crowded D.plicated22A.book B.board C.exit D.stop23.A.acpanied B.abandoned C.carried D.seized24.A.examined B.assigned C.approached D.reminded25.A.boss B.motive C.mood D.lateness26.A.declined B.apologized C.scolded D.abused27.A.insisted B.suggested C.screamed D.sighed28.A.embarrassed B.trapped C.sympathetic D.stressed29.A.gaveaway B.gaveoff C.gaveout D.gavein30.A.repeatedly B.slowly C.instantly D.fortunately31.A.Sorrowful B.Delighted C.Enthusiastic D.Curious32.A.experience B.achieve C.resolve D.await33.A.dizzy B.speechless C.refreshed D.miserable34.A.troubled B.concerned C.moved D.satisfied35.A.reward B.recreation C.investment D.reminder【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.C25.D26.A27.A28.B29.D30.C31.D32.B33.B34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者周一早上去上班，被一個女孩攔住買筆，作者詢問得知女孩賣筆是為了給弟弟買棒棒糖，作者被感動，給他們買了棒棒糖?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：周一早上，我上班快遲到了，正穿過擁擠的地鐵站。A.damp潮濕的；B.fortable舒服的；C.crowded擁擠的；D.plicated復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)后文“apackedtrain”可知，周一早上地鐵站很擁擠。故選C。【22題詳解