高三英語(yǔ)譯林版一輪教師用書(shū)第2部分專題一構(gòu)詞法

專題一構(gòu)詞法[全國(guó)卷考情分析]題型典題試做命題解讀語(yǔ)法填空1.(2017年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)However，becareful(care)nottogotoextremes.2．(2017年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.語(yǔ)法填空中主要考查：1．給出形容詞提示詞，填寫(xiě)副詞或名詞；2．給出動(dòng)詞，填寫(xiě)名詞或形容詞；3．給出名詞，填寫(xiě)形容詞。短文改錯(cuò)1.(2017年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenly→suddenstopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.2．(2017年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime，theyareinteresting→interestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.1.形容詞和副詞的錯(cuò)用；2．形容詞和名詞的錯(cuò)用；3．-ed與-ing形容詞的錯(cuò)用。(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第194頁(yè))形容詞變副詞的后綴[先試做題組]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2017年江西紅色七校一聯(lián))Hesatdownandstartedgently(gentle)talkingtothedog.2．Similarly(similar)，whenRonWebsterborrowedabookfromthelibraryoftheUniversityofLiverpool，heforgottoreturnit，too.3．Butsuchasmallthingcouldn'tpossibly(possible)destroyavillage.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2017年嚴(yán)州中學(xué)一模)Parentsandteachersalwaysthinkstudentsshouldspendmoretimeontheirstudies，butstudentsthemselvesthinkdifferent.different→differently2．(2017年宿遷三校質(zhì)檢)Shetoreuptheletterangryandthrewitintothedustbin.angry→angrily【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：31670153】[再解讀要點(diǎn)]變化形式例詞一般情況下直接加“-ly”quick→quickly；fluent→fluently；stupid→stupidly少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加-ly；絕大多數(shù)輔音字母加e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加-lytrue→truly；polite→politely；wide→widely；wise→wisely；nice→nicely以“y”結(jié)尾的，且讀音為/I/,先將“y”改成“i”，再加“l(fā)y”；但是如果讀音為/aI/,直接加lyhappy→happily；heavy→heavily；angry→angrily；busy→busily；dry→dryly；shy→shyly以ic結(jié)尾的詞，加allyeconomic→economically；basic→basically(例外：public→publicly)以輔音字母加le結(jié)尾時(shí)，去e加y；元音字母加le時(shí)，直接加lysimple→simply；terrible→terriblygentle→gently；possible→possibly；probable→probably；sole→solely(例外：whole→wholly)形容詞變名詞的后綴[先試做題組]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．MyEnglishimprovedalot；moreimportantly，Igainedmuchconfidence(confident)．2．Thatlittleactofkindness(kind)madeeveryonewhosawitfeelgood－butitmademefeelthebestofall!Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(2017年山東師大附中月考)Wefearthatwedonothavethestrongandcouragetofacethetruthofoursituation.strong→strength[再解讀要點(diǎn)]后綴例詞-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流暢accurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性private→privacy隱私；私密-domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧-nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意dark→darkness黑暗-thstrong→strength力氣；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)warm→warmth溫暖；熱情true→truth真相；真理wide→width寬度-y-ty-itydifficult→difficulty困難cruel→cruelty殘酷；殘暴safe→safety安全disable→disability無(wú)能；殘疾responsible→responsibility責(zé)任動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的后綴[先試做題組]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thehigh-speedtrainthatconnectsthetwocitiesisbothfastandfortable(fort)．2．Notonlytheteachersbutalsothestudentsfindthewebsitebeneficial(benefit)．3．(2017年安徽江南十校聯(lián)考)HewasmorethanjustanEnglishteacher，becausehealsotaughtmeuseful(use)lessonsinlife.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Mostpeoplenowadaysaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetimetoenjoyahealthyandbalancediet.balance→balanced2．(2017年黑龍江大慶調(diào)研)Idon'tthinkitareasonpracticeforthemtobehavethatwayinoursociety.reason→reasonable【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：31670154】[再解讀要點(diǎn)]后綴例詞-ableaccept→acceptable可接受的fort→fortable舒適的fashion→fashionable時(shí)髦的suit→suitable合適的reason→reasonable有道理的-albenefit→beneficial有益的music→musical音樂(lè)的origin→original最初的person→personal個(gè)人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的form→formal正式的nation→national全國(guó)的-fuldoubt→doubtful懷疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的care→careful細(xì)心的use→useful有用的success→successful成功的help→helpful有幫助的-(e)dscare→scared感到恐懼的confuse→confused感到困惑的puzzle→puzzled迷惑的worry→worried擔(dān)心的beard→bearded有胡須的talent→talented有才能的underline→underlined加下劃線的balance→balanced均衡的-ingsurprise→surprising令人驚訝的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人滿意的worry→worrying令人擔(dān)心的bore→boring令人厭煩的-ibleaccess→accessible容易達(dá)到的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的-iveact→active積極的；活躍的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive給人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意義的expense→expensive昂貴的-ouscontinue→continuous不斷的；持續(xù)的anxiety→anxious憂慮的caution→cautious十分小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的-sometire→tiresome令人厭倦的trouble→troublesome麻煩的-ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；豐富的dirt→dirty有灰塵的；臟的rain→rainy有雨的sun→sunny陽(yáng)光明媚的cloud→cloudy陰天的-erneast→eastern東方的；向東的west→western西方的；向西的-ishchild→childish孩子氣的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的-icscience→scientific科學(xué)的economy→economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的history→historic歷史上著名的動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴[先試做題組]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2017年山東泰安一模)Itisnecessarytohaveaphysicalexamination(examine)everyyear.2．Annanwillberememberedforhisabilityandhiswarmth(warm).【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：31670155】3．Withouthesitation(hesitate)，Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(2017年湖北八校聯(lián)考)Itisaveryeffectivewaytolearnthelanguageandimproveyournounce→pronunciation【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：31670156】[再解讀考點(diǎn)]后綴例詞-ion/-sion/-ationcorrect→correction改正attract→attraction吸引conclude→conclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束decide→decision決定admit→admission接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)invite→invitation邀請(qǐng)explain→explanation解釋expect→expectation期望-er/-orteach→teacher老師announce→announcer播音員conduct→conductor指揮；售票員-mentpunish→punishment懲罰achieve→achievement功績(jī)；成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)equip→equipment裝備；設(shè)備-ance/-enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perform→performance表演；節(jié)目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛(ài)-inghear→hearing聽(tīng)力；聽(tīng)覺(jué)begin→beginning開(kāi)始-ure/-turefail→failure失敗press→pressure壓力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure離開(kāi)；出發(fā)-yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choose→choice選擇vary→variety多樣化；種類tend→tendency趨向；趨勢(shì)變動(dòng)詞的前綴與后綴[先試做題組]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Youshouldloosen(loose)upyourmusclesbeforeplayinganysport.2．Mymotherencouraged(courage)meandinsistedthatIcontinuemyeducation.3．Ourgovernmentattachesmuchimportancetoeducationnow，whichenables(able)somanypeopletobewelleducated.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Ifyouwanttoliveasimplelife，youneedtosimpleyourmind.simple→simplify2．Ifyoudeepyourknowledgeorunderstandingofasubject，youwilllearnmoreaboutitandbeemoreinterestedinit.deep→deepen[再解讀考點(diǎn)]前/后綴例詞前綴en-able→enable使能夠large→enlarge擴(kuò)大rich→enrich使充實(shí)；使豐富danger→endanger危及courage→encourage鼓勵(lì)后綴-enbroad→broaden使變寬ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖銳wide→widen加寬short→shorten變短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使變暗hard→harden使變硬-ifyclass→classify把……分類just→justify證明……正確simple→simplify簡(jiǎn)化beauty→beautify美化-izeapology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)memory→memorize記住real→realize認(rèn)識(shí)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)表示否定意義或相反意義的前綴和后綴[先試做題組]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2017年山東青島一模)Astheycouldn'tplayoutdoors，theywereunhappy(happy)，andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.2．Peopleonwelfarearewronglyseenaslazyordishonest(honest)．3．Informal(formal)clothesaresuitableforwearingathomeorinordinarysituations.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(2017年甘肅張掖中學(xué)月考)IknowasanexcellentguideIshouldmakeyourjourneyinterestingandmeaningless.meaningless→meaningful[再解讀要點(diǎn)]前/后綴例詞dis-agree→disagree不同意advantage→disadvantage缺點(diǎn)appear→disappear消失fort→disfort不舒適的honest→dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)的il-legal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合邏輯的im-polite→impolite無(wú)禮的patient→impatient不耐煩的moral→immoral不道德的in-formal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不方便的direct→indirect不直接的前綴ir-regular→irregular不規(guī)則的responsible→irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的mis-lead→mislead誤導(dǎo)understand→misunderstand誤解un-usual→unusual不尋常的willing→unwilling不愿意的happy→unhappy不高興的known→unknown不出名的后綴-lesshope→hopeless絕望的end→endless沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的care→careless粗心的help→helpless無(wú)助的use→useless無(wú)用的(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)第198頁(yè))[核心考點(diǎn)針對(duì)練]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Iusuallymemorize(memory)twentynewwordsadayandputthemtousewheneverpossible.2．Theyaretryingtowiden(wide)thediscussiontoincludeenvironmentalissues.3．Therearesomanydifferentlabelsonfoodnowadays.Theyarenotonlyconfusing(confuse)butalsomisleading.4．Ifwecarryourburdenallthetime，soonerorlater，astheburdenbeesincreasingly(increase)heavy，wewon'tbeabletocarryon.5．Itsnowedheavily(heavy)lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.6．Hesankintodepression(depress)whenbothhisparentslefthimandwenttothesouthinsearchofabetter-paidjob.7．Itisillegal(legal)todriveafterdrinkingalcoholinourcountrynow.8．(2017年河南中原名校期中聯(lián)考)Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowisnoknowledgeisuseless(use)．9．(2017年廣東省揭陽(yáng)市二模)Mikewasdyingtoapplyforanewjob，buthewasunconfidentofhimself，forhethoughtofhimselfasafailure(fail)andunworthyofsuccess.10．Thereportcanbeconveniently(convenient)dividedintothreemainsections.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Everyoneofusisworkinghardlyintheclassroom，preparingfortheingexam.hardly→hard2．(2017年?yáng)|北師大附中月考)Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour，Iwasbeginningtogetimpatiently.impatiently→impatient3．Althoughparentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheiryoungchildren，theydon'tnecessarydoanythingforthem.necessary→necessarily4．Itisagoodwayforustomemorizenewwordsbyseeingthemrepeated.repeated→repeatedly5．Herdisappointinglookshowedthatshefailedtheexamagain.disappointing→disappointed[高考題型綜合練]Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空(2017年湖南六校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Haveyouevernoticedthatyoufeelhappierandmorerelaxedafteryoueatbread，pastaorfruit？Doyoufindthatyouaremoreenergeticandawakeaftereatingyogurtorbeans？Thesethingsarenotaccidents.Foodaffects1wefeelmorethanwethink.Scientistsresearching2(it)effectonourmoodsarebeginningtounderstandthatwecaninfluenceourfeelingswithwhatweeat.Althoughourmoodsrelate3havingvariousfood，itisnotquiteassimpleaschoosingthefoodfortherightoccasions.Ifthat4(be)thecase，athleteswouldnoteatalotofcarbohydratesbeforearace.Anotherchemical5(connect)withourmoodsiscaffeine，which6(find)incoffee，chocolateandmanytypesoftea，anditisperhaps7worstthingyoucanhavewhenyouarefeelingstressed.Ofcourse，enjoyinganicemealwithfriends，whateverweeat，canalsoimpactourspirits.Beingwithfriendsandfamilyplaysabigpartinexperiencing8(happy)．Most9(important)，though，rememberthefollowingoldrule:trytoeatdifferentfood，10nottoomuch.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】我們所吃的食物會(huì)對(duì)我們的情緒有影響。因此，我們要嘗試吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。1．how[考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，由“wefeelmorethanwethink”可知，從句不缺成分；結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可以判斷，應(yīng)用疑問(wèn)副詞how引導(dǎo)該從句。]2．its[考查代詞。由名詞effect可知，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its。]3．to[考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。relateto為固定搭配，意為“和……有關(guān)系”。]4．were[考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)該句中的“athleteswouldnoteatalotofcarbohydratesbeforearace”可知，該句為虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)目前情況的虛擬，故從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式were。]5．connected[考查過(guò)去分詞。chemical和connect為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。]6．isfound[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為caffeine，和find之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；此處是對(duì)客觀情況的描述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。]7．the[考查定冠詞。根據(jù)空后的形容詞最高級(jí)worst可知，空處應(yīng)用the。]8．happiness[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換之形容詞變?yōu)槊~。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為名詞在句中作experiencing的賓語(yǔ)。]9．importantly[考查副詞?？仗幮揎椚?，故用副詞形式。]10．but/yet[考查連詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，嘗試吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根據(jù)句意可知，空處應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。]【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：31670157】Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)(2017年遼寧沈陽(yáng)市第一次質(zhì)檢)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。DearJacob，Howareyoudoing？I'mwritingtoinviteyoutoclimbMountQianshan.Youhadalreadybeenhereforamonth.Sowethinkit'sthegoodopportunityforusgetfa