湖南省懷化市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題

絕密★啟用前懷化市中小學(xué)課程改革教育質(zhì)量檢測試卷2024年上期期考試題高一英語1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號寫在答題卡和該試題卷的封面上，并認真核對條形碼上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號和科目。2.考生作答時，選擇題和非選擇題均須做在答題卡上，在本試題卷上答題無效。考生在答題卡上按答題卡中注意事項的要求答題。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試題卷和答題卡一并交回。4.本試題卷共8頁，如缺頁，考生須聲明，否則后果自負。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上、錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.5.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:30B.At8:30.C.At10:302.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inabank.C.Inthestreet.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Holidayplans.B.MovingtoLondon.C.Theirfamilies.4.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Scary.B.Disappointing.C.Amusing.5.Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Hedislikesrainyweather.B.ItseldomrainsinTexas.C.HeavyrainismoninTexas.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidtheboyusetoaskhismothertobuy?A.Amagazine.B.AfootballC.Anewspaper7.WhydoestheboywantthearticleaboutAI?A.Toprepareforaproject.B.TolookforadsaboutAI.C.Tolearnaboutfootball.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister.B.FatheranddaughterC.Employerandemployee.9.WhydoesAnnasoundsad?A.Shedoesn’tdowellinherstudy.B.Jackdidn’tbuyherabirthdaygift.C.Jackwillbeabsentforherbirthdayparty.10.WhereisJacknow?AInhisoffice.B.Inacafe.C.Athome.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howmuchdoesacampercostaday?A.￡85.B.￡100C.￡115.12.Whatkindofcardoesthemanhire?A.Acamper.B.Asportscar.C.Aminicar.13.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.GuidehimtotheLakeDistrict.B.Remendhimsomethingtosee.CTellhimaboutthetrafficconditions.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhendidLilywinamusicpetition?A.Attheageof5.B.Attheageof9.C.Attheageof16.15.WhoencouragedLilytopracticeasmuchaspossible?A.HerfriendsB.Herteacher.C.Herparents.16.WhatisthemostimportantforLilytoimproveherplaying?A.Eatinghealthyfood.B.Takingalotofexercise.C.Avoidingstress17.WhatdoesLilysuggestteenagersdo?A.Playclassicalmusicasmuchaspossible.B.Changetheiropinionaboutclassicalmusic.C.Listentoclassicalmusicmoreoften.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?A.Secretsofplayingchess.B.Historyofthegameofchess.C.Differentplayingformsofchess.19.Wheredidthegameofchessefrom?A.Japan.B.India.C.China.20.Whatdoweknowabouttheworld’sfirstofficialwinnerSteinitz?A.HewasbeatenbyaGerman.B.HelostthetitleinAmerica.C.HewasborninLondon第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWecantallbeprofessionalfootballersbutonethingthatmakesfootballgreatisthateveryonecanplay.AprogramatFullhamFootballClubinLondonisworkingwithagroupofchildrenwhohaven’talwaysbeenabletobepartofateam.What’shappeningatFullham?Onceaweekforthelastthreeyears,trainersatFullhamhavebeenworkingwithagroupchildren.Eachweek,thechildrenmeetupforatrainingsessionwhichconcentratesonthebasicskillsoffootball—passing,control,teamwork.Occasionally,theyplaymatchesagainstotherteams.TherearetrainingsessionslikethisatPremierLeagueclubsbutwhatmakesthisFullhamteamspecialisthatthechildreninthisgroupallhaveDown’ssyndrome.TheFullhamBadgers,astheteamisknown,arethefirstDown’ssyndrometeaminthecountry.WhatisDown’ssyndrome?Down’ssyndromeaffectsaboutoneinathousandpeopleandcauseslearningdifficulties.PeoplewithDown’ssyndromeasosometimeshaveproblemstakingpartinphysicalactivities.Becauseofthis，andbecausetheylookdifferent,childrenwithDown’ssyndromehaven’talwayshadthechancetodowhatotherchildrendoandjoininwithteamsports.Makingopportunities.TheFullhamprojectletstheyoungpeopletrainregularlyandgetthechancetoimprovetheirselfconfidenceaspartoftheteam.It’simportanttoshowthatfootballisnotonlyaboutwinningcupsandscoringgoals.Itcanalsohelpbreakdownthebarriersthattheseyoungstersexperienceineverydaylife.Supportfromtheplayers.TopFullhamplayershavealsobeentrainingwiththechildren.FootballerssuchastheNorwegianinternationalErikNevlandhavelentsupporttotheteam.Afterworkingwiththeyoungstersinapenaltyshootout,ErikNevlandsaid,“Ilovedoingthis.It’sgoodtoeoutinthemunityandletpeopleseewhoyoureallyare.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutthechildrenatFullham?A.Theymeetupforatrainingsessiononceaweek. B.Theyfocusonpracticingadvancedfootballskills.C.Theyoftenplaymatcheswithtopfootballers. D.Theydon’thavechancestoplayfootballatall.2.WhyistheFullhamteamunique?A.Ithasbeenbuiltformorethanthreeyears.B.Itaimstotrainchildrentobeprofessionals.C.ItisspeciallyforchildrenwithDown’ssyndrome.D.Itmakesnodifferencetochildren’smentalhealth.3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?A.Togivechildrenadviceonplayingfootball.B.Tocallonchildrentodomoresports.C.Toshowpeople’sopinionaboutFullham.D.TointroduceaprogramatFullhamFootballClub.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了Fullham足球俱樂部項目?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Eachweek,thechildrenmeetupforatrainingsessionwhichconcentratesonthebasicskillsoffootball—passing,control,teamwork.(每個星期，孩子們聚在一起進行訓(xùn)練，重點是足球的基本技巧——傳球、控制、團隊合作)”可知，在Fullham的孩子每周開一次訓(xùn)練課。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TherearetrainingsessionslikethisatPremierLeagueclubsbutwhatmakesthisFullhamteamspecialisthatthechildreninthisgroupallhaveDown’ssyndrome.(英超俱樂部也有這樣的訓(xùn)練課程，但Fullham的特別之處在于，這組孩子都患有唐氏綜合癥)”可知，F(xiàn)ullham團隊是獨一無二的因為這是專門為患有唐氏綜合癥的兒童準(zhǔn)備的。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Wecantallbeprofessionalfootballersbutonethingthatmakesfootballgreatisthateveryonecanplay.AprogramatFullhamFootballClubinLondonisworkingwithagroupofchildrenwhohaven’talwaysbeenabletobepartofateam.(我們可以成為職業(yè)足球運動員，但足球之所以偉大，是因為每個人都能踢。倫敦Fullham足球俱樂部的一個項目正在與一群一直無法成為團隊一員的孩子們合作)”可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是介紹Fullham足球俱樂部項目。故選D。BWhenStanfordUniversitystudentEllenXu,now18,wasafiveyearoldinSanDiego,California,shevividlyrecallsherparentsrushingherlittlesistertothehospital.ThreeyearoldKatehadfallenseriouslyill;shehadafever,reddenedeyes,arash(皮疹)andsomeswellinginherhandsandtongue.Atfirstthepuzzleddoctorsthoughtshehadtheflu,butwhenherconditiondidn’timprove,theXusreturnedtotheemergencyroom,whereadoctorbychancehadsimilarexperiencewithaseriousinflammatory(炎癥)reactioninthebloodvesselsknownasKawasakidisease.Thoughrare,it’stheleadingcauseofacquiredheartdiseaseinbabiesandyoungchildren,anditscauseremainssomewhatmysterious.ThedoctorknewhowtotreatitandeventuallyKateshookofftheillnesswithoutsufferingdamagetoherheart.Xuremembersbeingcuriousabouthersister’sdramaticconditionandwasamazedthatthegrownupscouldn’tanswerherquestionsaboutwhyitwassohardtodetect.“Inmymind,itwasthismystery,”shesays.“ItwasapuzzleIwantedtosolve.Adecadelater,wantingtoenterahighschoolsciencefair,shehadanidea:“Whatifwehadadoctorinourpocket?”Soshecreatedjustthat:UsingAI,Xudesignedanalgorithm(算法)thatusesvisualdatatodiagnoseKawasakidiseasebasedonfivephysicalsymptoms.Thetechnologyworksthesamewayasappsthatcanidentifybirdsandplantswithphotosyou’vetakenonyourcellphone.Worriedparentscanuploadaphotothattheyhavetakenoftheirchild,andthetechnologywillscantheimageforsymptomsofKawasakidisease,whichoftenhaveastrongvisualelement,suchasarashoraswollentongue.Xu’sinventionhasbeenusedasawebappontheKawasakiDiseaseFoundation’swebsite.“Thetechnologycouldalsobedevelopedforrecognizingautoimmuneandrheumatologicaldiseases,”shesays.“Itmeansalottome.IwanttouseAItohelppeoplelivehappierandhealthierlives.”Xusays.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.ThedoctorshadnodifficultyrecognizingKate’sillness.B.Katesufferedfromamondiseaseamongchildren.CKawasakidiseaseistheonlycauseofacquiredheartdisease.D.ThecauseofKawasakidiseaseisnotquiteknownyet.5.WhatkindofpersonisEllenXu?A.Curiousandcreative. B.Caringandcheerful.C.Ambitiousandoutgoing D.Humorousand1ggenerous.6.WhatisParagraph4mainlytalkingabout?A.ThebenefitsofXu’salgorithm B.ThesymptomsofKawasakidisease.C.Theworriesthatmostparentshave. D.ThewayXu’sinventionworks.7.WhatmessagedoesEllenXu’sstoryconvey?A.Opportunityknocksbutonce. B.Curiositycanmakeadifference.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了女孩Ellen小時候見到醫(yī)生們一開始沒有正確診斷出妹妹Kate生的病，后來Kate遇到一名碰巧有過相似經(jīng)歷的醫(yī)生，才得到有效的治療，因?qū)γ妹貌∏榈暮闷?，以及醫(yī)生無法檢查出這種罕見病的驚訝，Ellen在十年后利用人工智能技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了一個程序，可以根據(jù)癥狀檢測疾病，幫助人們快速獲得診斷，改善健康狀況，她的發(fā)明已被應(yīng)用于網(wǎng)頁應(yīng)用程序中，她希望通過人工智能幫助更多人過上更快樂、更健康的生活?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thoughrare,it’stheleadingcauseofacquiredheartdiseaseinbabiesandyoungchildren,anditscauseremainssomewhatmysterious.(雖然罕見，但它是嬰兒和幼兒獲得性心臟病的主要原因，其原因仍然有些神秘)”可知，川崎病的病因尚不清楚。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Xuremembersbeingcuriousabouthersister’sdramaticconditionandwasamazedthatthegrownupscouldn’tanswerherquestionsaboutwhyitwassohardtodetect.(Xu記得當(dāng)時她對妹妹的病情很好奇，并驚訝于大人們無法回答她為什么很難發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題)”以及“Adecadelater,wantingtoenterahighschoolsciencefair,shehadanidea:“Whatifwehadadoctorinourpocket?”Soshecreatedjustthat:UsingAI,Xudesignedanalgorithm(算法)thatusesvisualdatatodiagnoseKawasakidiseasebasedonfivephysicalsymptoms.(十年后，她想?yún)⒓右粋€高中科學(xué)博覽會，她有了一個想法：“如果我們口袋里有一個醫(yī)生會怎么樣？”因此，她創(chuàng)造了這樣的東西：利用人工智能，Xu設(shè)計了一種算法，利用視覺數(shù)據(jù)根據(jù)五種身體癥狀診斷川崎病)”可知，EllenXu好奇心強，有創(chuàng)造力。故選A。【6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thetechnologyworksthesamewayasappsthatcanidentifybirdsandplantswithphotosyou’vetakenonyourcellphone.Worriedparentscanuploadaphotothattheyhavetakenoftheirchild,andthetechnologywillscantheimageforsymptomsofKawasakidisease,whichoftenhaveastrongvisualelement,suchasarashoraswollentongue.(這項技術(shù)的工作原理與通過拍攝的照片識別鳥類和植物的應(yīng)用程序相同。擔(dān)心的父母可以上傳他們?yōu)楹⒆优臄z的照片，該技術(shù)將掃描圖像，尋找川崎病的癥狀，這些癥狀通常具有強烈的視覺元素，如皮疹或舌頭腫脹)”可知，第四段主要介紹Xu的發(fā)明的工作方式。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Adecadelater,wantingtoenterahighschoolsciencefair,shehadanidea:“Whatifwehadadoctorinourpocket?”Soshecreatedjustthat:UsingAI,Xudesignedanalgorithm(算法)thatusesvisualdatatodiagnoseKawasakidiseasebasedonfivephysicalsymptoms.(十年后，她想?yún)⒓右粋€高中科學(xué)博覽會，她有了一個想法：“如果我們口袋里有一個醫(yī)生會怎么樣？”因此，她創(chuàng)造了這樣的東西：利用人工智能，徐設(shè)計了一種算法，利用視覺數(shù)據(jù)根據(jù)五種身體癥狀診斷川崎病)”結(jié)合文章講述了女孩Ellen小時候見到醫(yī)生們一開始沒有正確診斷出妹妹Kate生的病，后來Kate遇到一名碰巧有過相似經(jīng)歷的醫(yī)生，才得到有效的治療，因?qū)γ妹貌∏榈暮闷?，以及醫(yī)生無法檢查出這種罕見病的驚訝，Ellen在十年后利用人工智能技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了一個程序，可以根據(jù)癥狀檢測疾病，幫助人們快速獲得診斷，改善健康狀況，她的發(fā)明已被應(yīng)用于網(wǎng)頁應(yīng)用程序中，她希望通過人工智能幫助更多人過上更快樂、更健康的生活?？芍?，EllenXu的故事說明了好奇心可以帶來不同。故選B。CMountaineeringhasalwaysbeenfavoredbyadventureseekers,whichalsobringsaboutpeople’sconcernaboutenvironmentalproblemsandsafety.Luckily,asthe2024Himalayanmountaineeringseasongetsunderway,anotherhighaltitudeprojectisintheworks:removingtonsoftrashfromMountEverest.AccordingtotheNepaliarmy,theMountainCleanupCampaigncollected110tonsofwastebetween2019,whentheprogramstarted,and2023.Thearmy,whichconductsthecleanupinitiativepartnershipwiththemultinationalbrandUnilever,willheadupthecampaignagainthisyear.Twelvemembersofthemilitary,supportedbyeighteenSherpas,willarriveatEverestBaseCamponApril14tobeginthework.Inadditiontoremovinganestimated10tonsofgarbage,thearmysaidinastatemethattheyplantobringfivedeadbodiesoffofthemountain.Thesebodiesareofclimberswhodiedwhileattemptingtosummittheworld’shighestpeak.In2023,12climberswereconfirmedtohavediedonEverest,additionalfivestillofficiallyunaccountedfor.Currently,themajorityofthosewhotrytoclimbthe8,849meter(29,032foot)HimalayanpeakdosoviaNepal.Lastyear,theNepaligovernmentgaveoutarecordhigh478Everesthikingpermits.However,thatisnotthetotalnumberofpeoplewhowillbeonthemountain,asSherpaguides,supportstaffersandothersarepresentwithclimbinggroups.AsaresultovercrowdingandtrashhavebeentwoofthebiggestproblemsplaguingEverestinrecentyears.Oneofthebiggestenvironmentalissueshasbeenhumanwaste.The2024climbingseasonwillbethefirsttorequireallclimberstousegovernmentdistributedpoophagsandbringtheirwastebackdownwiththemfromthehighermountaincamps.“Eachpersonproduces250gramsofwasteadayandtheywillspendtwoweeksonthehighercampsforthesummitpush,”DiwasPokhrel,firstvicepresidentofEverestSummiteersAssociation,toldCNNlastmonth.Inaddition,2024willbethefirsttimethatallEverestclimbersareissuedtrackingchips,whichcanaidinsearchandrescuemissions.8.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMountainCleanupCampaign?A.Itwassetupatleast10yearsagobySherpas.B.ItsmainaimistoclearrubbishonEverestC.TheNepaliarmywillleaditforthefirsttime.D.Altogether30peoplewillconductthecleanup.9.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordplaguinginPara.3mean?A.Bothering B.Delighting. C.Amazing. D.Destroying.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.GovernmentattacheslittleimportancetoenvironmentalprotectionB.MountaineeringatEverestwillbemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.C.MorehumanwastewillbeleftonEverestbyrescuemembers.D.MorepeoplewillshowinterestindoingmountaineeringatEverest.11.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Anacademicarticle. B.Atouristguideline.C.Asurveyreport. D.Anenvironmentalarticle.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了近年來清除珠穆朗瑪峰垃圾所采取的措施。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Luckily,asthe2024Himalayanmountaineeringseasongetsunderway,anotherhighaltitudeprojectisintheworks:removingtonsoftrashfromMountEverest.(幸運的是，隨著2024年喜馬拉雅登山季節(jié)的到來，另一個高海拔項目正在進行中：從珠穆朗瑪峰上清除成噸的垃圾。)”和第二段中“AccordingtotheNepaliarmy,theMountainCleanupCampaigncollected110tonsofwastebetween2019,whentheprogramstarted,and2023.(據(jù)尼泊爾軍方稱，從2019年該計劃開始到2023年，山區(qū)清理運動收集了110噸廢物。)”可知，山區(qū)清理運動的主要目的是清理珠峰上的垃圾。故選B項。【9題詳解】詞句猜測題。第三段中劃線詞前文“Asaresultovercrowdingandtrashhavebeentwoofthebiggestproblems(因此，過度擁擠和垃圾一直是最大的兩個問題)”說明珠峰存在著兩大問題有待解決，從而推知“plaguingEverestinrecentyears(近年來plaguing珠穆朗瑪峰)”其中劃線部分意思是“給（珠峰）造成麻煩，困擾著（珠峰）”。故選A項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Luckily,asthe2024Himalayanmountaineeringseasongetsunderway,anotherhighaltitudeprojectisintheworks:removingtonsoftrashfromMountEverest.(幸運的是，隨著2024年喜馬拉雅登山季節(jié)的到來，另一個高海拔項目正在進行中：從珠穆朗瑪峰上清除成噸的垃圾。)”可以推知，在珠穆朗瑪峰登山將會更加環(huán)保。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Mountaineeringhasalwaysbeenfavoredbyadventureseekers,whichalsobringsaboutpeople’sconcernaboutenvironmentalproblemsandsafety.(登山運動一直受到探險愛好者的青睞，同時也帶來了人們對環(huán)境問題和安全問題的關(guān)注。)”可知，本文主要和登山運動帶來的環(huán)境安全問題有關(guān)，應(yīng)該取自一篇環(huán)境文章。故選D項。DDoctorshavetransplantedapigkidney(腎)intoa62yearoldmanlivingwithendstagekidneydisease.ThepatientRichardSlayman,wasrecoveringwellandwasexpectedtobedischargedfromthehospitalwithindays.Strictlyspeaking,thisisn’tthefirsteverpigtohumankidneytransplant.Theprocedurehasbeenperformedfivetimesinthepast,allinpeoplewhoweredeclaredbraindeadandkeptonlifesupport.ThemostrecentofthosetookplaceinJuly2023byRobertMontgomeryatNYULangoneHealthandhisworkmates.However,Slayman’soperationisthefirsttimethatapigkidneyhasbeentransplantedintoalivinghuman.Thankstotheeffortsbythousandsofscientistsandphysiciansoverseveraldecadestheoperationisagreatsuccess,whichmakesitasignificantmilestoneinthefieldofthetransferofanimalorganstohumans.Slaymanhastype2diabetes,highbloodpressureandkidneydisease.HehadpreviouslyreceivedahumankidneyfromadonorinDecember2018.However,theorgansshowedsignsoffailureaboutfiveyearslater.Hestarteddialysis(透析)inMaylastyear,butexperiencedplications,requiringvisitstothehospitaleverytwoweeks.TheorganwasprovidedbyapanycalledeGenesis,whichraisespigsgeneticallyengineeredtocarrycertainhumangenesandtolackaparticularsetofpiggenesthatareharmfultohumans.Thesegeneticchangesreducethepossibilityoftransplantrejection,whentheimmunesystemattackstheorganandcausesittofail.Slaymanisalsoreceivingacocktailofimmunesuppressingdrugstofurtherlowertherisk.Sofar,thereisnosignofrejectionandSlaymanisabletowalkonhisown.Morethan100,000peopleintheUSarewaitingforanorgantransplant,17ofwhomdieeachday.TheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationauthorizedtheexperimentaltransplantforSlaymanduetoalackofothertreatmentchoices.“Ourhopeisthatthistransplantapproachwillofferalifelinetomillionsofpatientsworldwidewhoaresufferingfromkidneyfailure.”saidTatsuoKawaiatMassachusettsGeneralHospitalinastatement.12.Whyisthepigkidneytransplantconsideredamilestone?A.Noanimaltohumanorgantransplanthasbeendonebefore.B.Itistheresultofmanyscientistsandphysicians’jointefforts.C.Itisthefirstsuccessfulpigkidneytransplantintoahuman.D.Ithasbeenperformedinpeoplewhoaredeclaredbraindead.13.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Slaymanhasreceivedkidneytransplantonlyonce. B.Pigsusedfortransplantcarrynohumangenes.C.Manypeopleinneedoforgantransplant. D.Slaymanneedn’ttakeanydrugsafterthetransplant.14.WhatisTatsuoKawai’sattitudetowardspigkidneytransplant?A.Optimistic. B.Doubtful. C.Critical D.Uninterested15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyisKidneyTransplantImportant B.HumanReceivesPigKidneyC.TheFutureofKidneyTransplant D.AMilestoneinHumanHistory【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了美國第一例豬腎移植取得成功，被認為是一個里程碑。文章介紹此次移植的一些背景知識?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Strictlyspeaking,thisisn’tthefirsteverpigtohumankidneytransplant.Theprocedurehasbeenperformedfivetimesinthepast,allinpeoplewhoweredeclaredbraindeadandkeptonlifesupport.(嚴(yán)格來說，這并不是首例豬到人的腎臟移植手術(shù)。這種手術(shù)在過去已經(jīng)進行了五次，所有的病人都被宣布腦死亡，并繼續(xù)維持生命)”以及“Thankstotheeffortsbythousandsofscientistsandphysiciansoverseveraldecadestheoperationisagreatsuccess,whichmakesitasignificantmilestoneinthefieldofthetransferofanimalorganstohumans.(經(jīng)過數(shù)千名科學(xué)家和醫(yī)生幾十年的努力，這次手術(shù)取得了巨大成功，成為動物器官移植領(lǐng)域的一個重要里程碑)”可知，豬腎移植被認為是一個里程碑因為這是第一次成功的豬腎移植到人身上。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Morethan100,000peopleintheUSarewaitingforanorgantransplant,17ofwhomdieeachday.(美國有超過10萬人在等待器官移植，其中每天有17人死亡)”可知，許多人需要器官移植。故選C。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ourhopeisthatthistransplantapproachwillofferalifelinetomillionsofpatientsworldwidewhoaresufferingfromkidneyfailure.”saidTatsuoKawaiatMassachusettsGeneralHospitalinastatement.(“我們希望這種移植方法將為全世界數(shù)百萬患有腎衰竭的患者提供一條生命線?！瘪R薩諸塞州總醫(yī)院的TatsuoKawai在一份聲明中說)”可知，TatsuoKawai對豬腎移植的態(tài)度是樂觀。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Doctorshavetransplantedapigkidney(腎)intoa62yearoldmanlivingwithendstagekidneydisease.ThepatientRichardSlayman,wasrecoveringwellandwasexpectedtobedischargedfromthehospitalwithindays.(醫(yī)生將豬腎臟移植到一名62歲的終末期腎病患者體內(nèi)。病人理查德·斯雷曼恢復(fù)良好，預(yù)計幾天內(nèi)就能出院)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了美國第一例豬腎移植取得成功，被認為是一個里程碑。文章介紹此次移植的一些背景知識?？芍珺選項“人接受豬腎”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分1.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多選項。Readingisapracticethathasbeenencouragedeversincewewerekids.Peoplegenerallybelieveitimprovesourvocabulary,grammarandgeneralgrasponlanguage.____16____Readinghelpsusstayfocused.Readingabookneedsustopayatentontoeverydetailandmovementinthestoryline.Whateverwerereading,wearefollowingthestreamofthoughtofsomeoneelse,thewriter.____17____Andreadingteachesusthismuchneededabilitytopayattentiontodetail.____18____Whenreadingabook,wegoonajourneywiththecharacters.Weremembereveryplaceourfavoritecharacterhasbeen,peoplethey’vemetandalltheeventsthathavetakenplaceintheirlives.Beingtrulyinvestedinthejourneyleadsthemindtograspquickerandholdonforlonger,leadingtoasharperbrain.Readingbuildsempathyandculturalunderstanding.Peoplefromallovertheworldetogethertocontributetoliteraturewiththeirownstyle,viewsandopinions.Whenwereadabookfromanauthorfromtheothereroftheworld,we’renotjustreadingastory.____19____There’ssomethingtolearninalmosteverybookyou’lleverpickup.Readinginspirescreativity.____20____It’sourcreativitythathelpsusimagineeverydetail.Everythingwereadgivesusadifferentperspective.Readngtakesusplaceswe’veneverseen.Andtheimaginarythinkingabilitycanhelpusevenprofessionalinwayswenightneverseen.Andtheimaginarythinkingabilitycanhelpusevenprofessionallyinwayswemightneverthoughtof.Tokeepreadingistokeepgrowing.Sohowaboutwepickanotherone!A.Readingsharpensthemind.B.Readingenablesustostayingoodmood.C.Andthatrequiresustostayfocusedthroughitall.D.Thefollowingaresomewaysthathelpsusreadbetter.E.However,itsouteandthechangeitbringsisfardeeper.F.Whenreadingabook,weimagineeveryscenedescribedinthebook.G.Wearesteppingintoaworldofdifferentcultures,traditionsandvalues.【答案】16.E17.C18.A19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了閱讀帶來的一些深刻影響?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Readingisapracticethathasbeenencouragedeversincewewerekids.Peoplegenerallybelieveitimprovesourvocabulary,grammarandgeneralgrasponlanguage.(閱讀是我們從小就被鼓勵的一種習(xí)慣。人們普遍認為它能提高我們的詞匯量、語法和對語言的總體把握)”可知，上文提到了對于閱讀的普遍看法，后文主要列舉了更深層次的影響，推測本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，故E選項“然而，它的結(jié)果和它帶來的變化要深刻得多”符合語境，引起下文，故選E。17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Readinghelpsusstayfocused.Readingabookneedsustopayatentontoeverydetailandmovementinthestoryline.Whateverwerereading,wearefollowingthestreamofthoughtofsomeoneelse,thewriter.(閱讀幫助我們保持專注。閱讀一本書需要我們關(guān)注故事情節(jié)中的每一個細節(jié)和動作。無論我們讀的是什么，我們都是在追隨另一個人——作家的思想之流)”可知，本句承接上文，說明追隨作家思想的要求。故C選項“這就要求我們始終保持專注”符合語境，與本文主題句一致，故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Whenreadingabook,wegoonajourneywiththecharacters.Weremembereveryplaceourfavoritecharacterhasbeen,peoplethey’vemetandalltheeventsthathavetakenplaceintheirlives.Beingtrulyinvestedinthejourneyleadsthemindtograspquickerandholdonforlonger,leadingtoasharperbrain.(讀書時，我們和書中的人物一起踏上了一段旅程。我們記得我們最喜歡的角色去過的每一個地方，他們遇到的人，以及他們生活中發(fā)生的所有事件。真正投入到這段旅程中，會讓大腦掌握得更快，堅持得更久，讓大腦更敏銳)”可知，本段主要說明了閱讀讓頭腦變得敏銳，A選項sharpens對應(yīng)后文asharperbrain。故A選項“讀書使頭腦敏銳”符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Readingbuildsempathyandculturalunderstanding.Peoplefromallovertheworldetogethertocontributetoliteraturewiththeirownstyle,viewsandopinions.Whenwereadabookfromanauthorfromtheothereroftheworld,we’renotjustreadingastory.(閱讀可以培養(yǎng)同理心和文化理解。來自世界各地的人們聚集在一起，以自己的風(fēng)格、觀點和觀點為文學(xué)做出貢獻。當(dāng)我們讀一本來自世界另一端作者的書時，我們不僅僅是在讀一個故事)”可知，本句承接上文，說明閱讀更深層次的文化理解，故G選項“我們正步入一個有著不同文化、傳統(tǒng)和價值觀的世界”符合語境，故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“It’sourcreativitythathelpsusimagineeverydetail.(正是我們的創(chuàng)造力幫助我們想象每一個細節(jié))”可知，閱讀會讓我們開始想象，這是由于創(chuàng)造力，故F選項“閱讀一本書時，我們想象書中描述的每一個場景”符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）MichaelEvanswasstandinginlineatlineattheWayneCountyTreasurer’sOfficeinDetroitlastAugust,waitingtopayhistaxes.Suddenlyhehearda____21____soundaheadofhim.Anelderlywomanatthewindowwascrying—andsowasthecashierhelpingher.ThenEvanslearnedwhy:Heheardthecashier____22____thewomanthatherhousehadtobesoldifshefailedtopaythetaxes.Healsoheardthewomantellthecashierthather____23____hadrecentlydied.Evanscouldn’tstandthe____24____ofthiswomanlosingherhomerightafterlosingherchild.He____25____thewindow.Idon’tmeantointerrupt,”hesaidtothecashier,‘‘butifyoucangetherhouseback,I’llpayforher____26____.”Thetwowomenwere____27____.Theirdespairturnedtodisbelief.Thecashierleftforamomentto____28____theamountandthatitwasallrightforEvanstopayit.Evans____29____togostraighttothebankanderightbackwiththemoney.Andhedid.Butwhenhereturnedtothetreasurer’soffice,heaskedsomeoneelsewaitinginlineto____30____the$5,000checktothecashier.Evanswastryingto____31____quietly.“Ididn’twantthisattention,heexplains.Evansoftenfindshimselfonthegivingendof____32____situations,thoughforyearshewentunrecognizedforit.“Wehelppeople,”Evanssays.“Wesendacheacheck;wewalkintofuneral(葬禮)homesandjustpayforthewholefuneral.Wetrytohelpourmunity.WhydodoesEvansgivesomuchto____33____?It’saquestionhenever____34____answers.“Tobehonest,Idon’tlikeputtingmoneyinthe____35____,”hesays.“Doingthingswithyourmoneyisbetter.21.A.disturbing B.delighted C.sweet D.horrible22.A.warn B.inform C.teach D.cheat23.A.husband B.mother C.neighbor D.daughter24.A.lie B.joke C.idea D.humor25.A.opened B.approached C.closed D.beat26.A.snacks B.clothes C.food D.taxes27.A.disappointed B.scared C.shocked D.anxious28.A.collect B.confirm C.throw D.buy29.A.hesitated B.advised C.promised D.refused30.A.return B.lend C.sell D.hand31.A.slipaway B.giveup C.eback D.getup32.A.dangerous B.charitable C.tricky D.impossible33.A.relatives B.friends C.strangers D.families34.A.proudly B.cautiously C.confidently D.fully35.A.banks B.offices C.cars D.houses【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.D27.C28.B29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了邁克爾·埃文斯在交稅的時候了解到一位老婦人在失去了孩子之后，馬上又要因為沒交稅而失去自己的房子，于是埃文斯為老婦人繳納了稅款?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，他聽到前面有一種令人不安的聲音。A.disturbing令人不安的；B.delighted高興的；C.sweet甜蜜的；D.horrible可怕的。根據(jù)后文“Anelderlywomanatthewindowwascrying(窗口的一位老婦人在哭泣)”指聽到令人不安的聲音。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后埃文斯知道了原因：他聽到出納員告訴那位婦女，如果她不繳納稅款，她的房子就會被賣掉。A.warn警告；B.inform通知；C.teach教學(xué)；D.cheat欺騙。根據(jù)后文“thewomanthatherhousehadtobesoldifshefailedtopaythetaxes”指出納員告知婦人，如果她不繳納稅款，她的房子就會被賣掉。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他還聽到那位婦女告訴出納員她的女兒最近去世了。A.husband丈夫；B.mother母親；C.neighbor鄰居；D.daughter