新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)考向33 完形填空之議論文類(原卷版)

考向33完形填空之議論文類文體分析議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表見(jiàn)解或提出主張的說(shuō)理性文章。議論文的目的不僅是客觀的解釋事物，還力圖說(shuō)服讀者相信并接受某一觀點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)議論文不完全等同于漢語(yǔ)的議論文，它涉及的范圍要小得多。英語(yǔ)議論文主要是就某一主題，在擺出正反兩方面觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)論證、推理辯論等手段，試圖讓讀者最終接受作者對(duì)這一主題的某種觀點(diǎn)。盡管有時(shí)也不一定非常明確的交待正反觀點(diǎn)，但力圖通過(guò)推理讓讀者贊同自己的觀點(diǎn)始終是英語(yǔ)議論文的主要目的。不管是在漢語(yǔ)中，還是在英語(yǔ)中，議論文都是由論點(diǎn)（作者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是被證明的對(duì)象、論據(jù)（用來(lái)證明論點(diǎn)的依據(jù)，是說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)的理由和材料）和論證（運(yùn)用論據(jù)證明論點(diǎn)的過(guò)程與方法），這三個(gè)要素構(gòu)成的，這也是一個(gè)提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程。因此，典型的議論文一般就由序論（提出問(wèn)題，即what）、本論（分析問(wèn)題，即why）和結(jié)論（解決問(wèn)題，即how）三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成，其具體的結(jié)構(gòu)模式又有以下三種：模式一：引言段（提出觀點(diǎn)）——正方論點(diǎn)心（支持作者的觀點(diǎn)的較弱論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)2（支持作者的觀點(diǎn)的較強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)3（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的最強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）——結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）在這種模式中，文章主體段（中間部分）的每一個(gè)部分論述一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，這些論點(diǎn)以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的論點(diǎn)在最后面，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。模式二：引言段（提出觀點(diǎn)）——反面意見(jiàn)（反方觀點(diǎn)+作者的反駁）、正方論點(diǎn)1（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的較弱論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)2（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的較強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)3（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的最強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）——結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）在這種模式中，文章立體段的一開(kāi)始就提出對(duì)立方的反面意見(jiàn)及作者對(duì)這種意見(jiàn)的反駁，以后各部分仍分別陳述作者的不同論點(diǎn)。模式三：引言段（提出觀點(diǎn)）——反方觀點(diǎn)1+進(jìn)行反駁的正方論點(diǎn)、反方觀點(diǎn)2+進(jìn)行反駁的正方論點(diǎn)、反方觀點(diǎn)3+進(jìn)行反駁的正方論點(diǎn)——結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）在這種模式中，作者在文章主體段的每一部分都先提出一個(gè)反面觀點(diǎn)，然后再進(jìn)行反駁。英語(yǔ)議論文的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)

由于與其他文體相比，英語(yǔ)議論文類似英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文，因此，它具有英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文的一些語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)，比如：時(shí)態(tài)較為統(tǒng)一，多用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的客觀性；盡可能指明信息來(lái)源等等。但作為一種獨(dú)立的文體，英語(yǔ)議論文在語(yǔ)言上也有一些自己特有的表達(dá)形式：

1.較多使用表達(dá)委婉語(yǔ)氣的詞語(yǔ)和句子

與英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文相比，英語(yǔ)議論文不僅需要說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn)，而且還要讓讀者接受自己的觀點(diǎn)，因此，在詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)上除了客觀之外，還必須注意委婉。在英語(yǔ)中，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，could，may，might，would，should等。請(qǐng)看下面兩組有關(guān)“面試在招生過(guò)程中的重要性”的文字：

（1）Nooneshouldbeadmittedinto（招收進(jìn)）collegewithoutapersonalinterview（面試）.Whatcanadmissionspeople（招生人員）tellfromapieceofpaper？Theycantellnothing.Onlywhentheyseeastudentfacetoface，cantheydecidewhatkindofapersonheis.

（2）Thoughadmissionspeoplecanlearnsomethingsfromapieceofpaper，suchashowwellapersonwritesandwhatheisinterestedintheremaybemanyotherthingsthatanapplication（申請(qǐng)表）cannottellbutcanonlybeseeninapersonalinterview.Thewayapersontalks，thewayhethinksaboutandanswersquestions，thewayhereacts（反應(yīng)），areallimportantfactsofapersonwhichcannotbefoundonapieceofpaper.

兩段文字都強(qiáng)調(diào)“大學(xué)生入學(xué)必須面試”，但相比之下，例（2）用了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句等表達(dá)方式，語(yǔ)氣較為委婉，更容易為讀者所接受。

2.使用有辯論、推理等含義的連接詞和過(guò)渡詞等詞語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

英語(yǔ)議論文講究辯論推理的條理性和邏輯性，因此，往往較多地使用這類性質(zhì)的過(guò)渡詞和連接詞，常用的包括：since（既然），nowthat（既然），therefore（因而），consequently（因此），accordingly（因此），hence（因而），inthatcase（在那種情況下），because（因?yàn)椋瑂o（所以）。另外，還有些句型也常出現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)議論文中，比如：Itfollowsthat…（因而……），If…，wemayconcludethat…（如果……，我們可以這樣下結(jié)論……），Shoulditbethecase（如果是這樣的話……），Idon'twantto…，but…（我并不想……，但是……），Ifyouadmit…，then…（如果你承認(rèn)……，那么……），Itistruethat…，but…（誠(chéng)然……，但是……），Evenif…（即使……）等。（1）如“很多人很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們?cè)谖镔|(zhì)上是富裕了，精神上卻很貧乏”，可以這樣達(dá)：Manypeoplewillsoonfindthemselvesrichingoods，butraggedinspirit.（注：句中richin與raggedin，goods與spirit具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果。）（2）如“利遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于弊”，可以這樣表達(dá)：

Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.（注：句中theadvantages與thedisadvantages具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果。）（3）如“他們注意到了這些說(shuō)法中的一些道理，但他們卻忽視了一個(gè)重要的事實(shí)”，可以這樣表達(dá)：

Theyhavenoticedagrainoftruthinthestatements，buthaveignoredamoreimportantfact.（注：句中havenoticed與haveignored，agrainoftruthinthestatements與amoreimportantfact具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果。）（4）如“這樣做既有積極效果也有消極效果”，可以這樣表達(dá)：

Itwillhavebothnegativeandpositiveeffectsbysodoing.（注：句中negative與positive具有正反對(duì)比的關(guān)系和效果）3.使用重復(fù)。英文一般講求簡(jiǎn)潔，因此為表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)偶爾使用重復(fù)可以使語(yǔ)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容得到突出。（1）如“現(xiàn)在是忘掉過(guò)去一切的時(shí)候了?，F(xiàn)在是言歸正傳的時(shí)候了?，F(xiàn)在是為未來(lái)而奮斗的時(shí)候了”，可以這樣表達(dá)：

Nowisthetimetoforgeteverythinginthepast.Nowisthetimetogetdowntothebusiness.Nowisthetimetoworkhardforthefuture.（注：此句為句首重復(fù)，重復(fù)部分為句首的nowitthetimeto）（2）如“我們渴望成功，而且正在為成功而努力工作”，可以這樣表達(dá)：

Welongforsuccessandweareworkinghardforsuccess.（注：此句為句尾重復(fù)，重復(fù)的部分為句尾的forsuccess.）（3）如“我相信我們能夠成功，我相信我們也一定會(huì)成功”，可以這樣表達(dá)：

Iamconvincedthatwecansucceed，andIamconvincedthatwemustsucceed.（注：and所連接的兩個(gè)語(yǔ)句的句首與句尾部分同時(shí)重復(fù)，重復(fù)的部分為句首的Iamconvincedthat與句尾的succeed）（4）如“我們現(xiàn)在生活在一個(gè)新的時(shí)代，而一個(gè)改革充滿著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與機(jī)遇”，可以這樣表達(dá)：Wearenowlivinginanewera，andaneweraofreformisalwaysfullofventuresandchances.（注：and之前的句尾與and之后的句首重復(fù)，重復(fù)部分為anewera.）

4.使用倒裝倒裝是進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)的一種手段，它利用了語(yǔ)句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。例如，如“充滿著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與機(jī)遇的改革的新時(shí)代正向我們走來(lái)”，可以這樣表達(dá)：

Nowoncomingtousistheneweraofreformfullofventuresandchances.5.使用轉(zhuǎn)義轉(zhuǎn)義是一種對(duì)詞語(yǔ)靈活運(yùn)用的修辭手段，主要有比喻、擬人、夸張、反語(yǔ)、婉轉(zhuǎn)等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、換喻、提喻等。（1）如要表達(dá)“過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷就像圖片一樣總是在腦海中縈繞”，英文可為：

Whathadbeenexperiencedinthepastwasalwaysloominginmemorylikeapicture.（注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特點(diǎn)是使用了like一詞）（2）如要表達(dá)“我們的英語(yǔ)老師就是我們最好的英語(yǔ)辭典”，英文可為：

OurEnglishteacherisourbestEnglishdictionary.（注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特點(diǎn)是利用事物之間的相似之處進(jìn)行比喻，與明喻不同之處在于不使用like一詞）（3）如要表達(dá)“我正在讀莎土比亞的書(shū)呢”，英文可為：

IamreadingShakespeare.（注：此句采用換喻，換喻的特點(diǎn)是直接借用一事物的名稱宋代替另一事物的名稱，使用通過(guò)聯(lián)想理解其含義，但不是所有的事物都是可以用換喻來(lái)表達(dá)的）（4）如要表達(dá)“這里需要一個(gè)幫手”，英文可為：

Ahandisneededhere.（注：此句采用提喻，提喻的特點(diǎn)是用一個(gè)事物的部分來(lái)代表事物的整體或用一個(gè)事物的整體來(lái)代表事物的部分。這里用hand一詞代表整個(gè)人）題型分析一、題型特點(diǎn)議論文文體的完形填空一般是直接提出論點(diǎn)，通過(guò)論據(jù)論證，最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一個(gè)話題供大家討論。議論文文體的完形填空一般都是由論點(diǎn)（作者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是被證明的對(duì)象）、論據(jù)（用來(lái)證明論點(diǎn)的依據(jù)，是說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)的理由和材料）和論證（運(yùn)用論據(jù)證明論點(diǎn)的過(guò)程與方法）這三個(gè)要素構(gòu)成，這也是一個(gè)提出問(wèn)題→分析問(wèn)題→解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程。另外，英語(yǔ)議論文不僅需要說(shuō)明自己的觀點(diǎn)，而且還要讓讀者接受自己的觀點(diǎn)。因此，在詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)上除了客觀之外，還比較注重委婉。作者的寫作態(tài)度一般也較誠(chéng)懇，在文章中通常使用的是與讀者平等交流的語(yǔ)氣，不會(huì)給人以居高臨下、以勢(shì)居人、逼人接受的感覺(jué)，在遣詞造句方面多使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和can,may,might,could,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。為了辯證推理的條理性和邏輯性，往往較多地使用像since,nowthat,therefore,inthatcase,because,so,but,however等過(guò)渡詞和連接詞。三、解答技巧把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意【典例示例】Allofusgothroughsomedifficulttimesasweapproachteenageyears.It'stheagewhenwehavetodealwiththemost36_____inourlife.Thistransition(過(guò)渡）fromchildhoodtoadulthoodis37_____forsome,butroughforothers.Themostimportantthingaboutbeingateenageris38______.Whenweareteenagers,wewouldgetblamedorevenpunishedforanythingwrongwedo.36.A.chancesB.changesC.feelingsD.expectations【解析】：在這個(gè)階段我們需要面對(duì)生活中的很多改變(changes)。37.A.smoothB.practicalC.demandingD.necessary【解析】：從童年到成年的過(guò)渡，對(duì)有些人來(lái)說(shuō)是很順利的(smooth),但是對(duì)另外一些人來(lái)說(shuō)卻很艱難。此處用smooth“順利的”，和后面的rough相對(duì)應(yīng)。38.A.knowledgeB.independenceC.confidenceD.responsibility【解析】：根據(jù)此空的下一句“當(dāng)我們成為青少年時(shí)，我們會(huì)因犯錯(cuò)受到責(zé)備甚至是懲罰”可知，此處表示“成為青少年最重要的一件事就是責(zé)任（responsibility)”。【答案】：36.B37.A38.D把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度議論文往往體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)某一事物的觀點(diǎn)，而作者的觀點(diǎn)就是文章的論點(diǎn)?？忌盐兆髡叩挠^點(diǎn)，把握作者對(duì)某一事物是襄還是貶，是贊成還是反對(duì)，而通常把握了作者的觀點(diǎn)也就找準(zhǔn)了文章的論點(diǎn)?！镜淅纠縔oudonothavetotrainyourself6_______tofeelthepsychologicalbenefitsofexercise.Whatreallymattersis7______,notintensity(強(qiáng)度）ofyourexercise.Youcantrywalkingfor30minutesfivetimesperweekorsimplygardeningonweekends.6.A.hardB.everywhereC.carefullyD.late【解析】：根據(jù)下文作者強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵是頻度而不是強(qiáng)度可知：你訓(xùn)練的時(shí)候強(qiáng)度沒(méi)必要很大，故選A。7.A.timeB.lengthC.formD.frequency【解析】：根據(jù)文章最后一段給出的建議每周五次散步可知，運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵是頻度而不是強(qiáng)度，故選D。time“次”；length“長(zhǎng)度”；form“形式，表格”；frequency“頻度，頻率”?！敬鸢浮浚?.B7.D論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)互相結(jié)合，找出選項(xiàng)正確答案一般說(shuō)來(lái)，能說(shuō)明論據(jù)主要內(nèi)容的答案可以在論點(diǎn)里得到印證，而論點(diǎn)里的某些答案也可以與論據(jù)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)，使論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)形成相輔相成的關(guān)系，因而整個(gè)文章上下一致。如果我們所選的答案前后矛盾，論據(jù)與論點(diǎn)相驚，最后的結(jié)論與論點(diǎn)相矛盾，那么我們就要重新回過(guò)頭來(lái)理順文章的各個(gè)部分，直到清楚為止，這樣才能選出正確答案?！镜淅纠縏herearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeI'vehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveontootherplaces.We'dallbein54_______ifwehadn'tbandedtogether.TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It'snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself;it'sabout55_______wecanallgetbytogether54.A.yardsB.sheltersC.campsD.cottages【解析】：如果不是大家齊心協(xié)力，那么我們都將會(huì)棲身于避難所，因此選shelters。55.A.whenB.whatC.whetherD.how【解析】：D本句點(diǎn)明中心：美國(guó)夢(mèng)不是關(guān)于一個(gè)人能夠獲得什么，而是關(guān)于我們?cè)谝黄鹑绾稳?shí)現(xiàn)它，因此選how。【答案】：54.B55.D4.通篇閱讀，圍繞主題（論點(diǎn)）推敲有疑問(wèn)的題目，并最終確定答案逐題按照文章的內(nèi)容及語(yǔ)境選擇完畢后，一篇完整的文章便呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，此時(shí)，要注意一定要通讀全文，以驗(yàn)證個(gè)別題目的答案是否與主題偏離，以求更高的準(zhǔn)確度?！緳z測(cè)訓(xùn)練】1Mycarsweepingpastthegreenpastures(草地),Ifeltthecoolbreezeonmyface,eyesclosed.Thebreezefeltrefreshingly1andgavemea2ofnewlydefinedfreedomandhappiness.Thebreezesuddenlycametoa

halt3thecarstoppingduetoabitoftraffic4bythegrazingofsomecutelambs.Climbingoutofthecarinexcitement,I5Iwasinanewworld,6myonlycompanionwasthesparklingbeautyofnatureallaroundme.Standingthere,I7understoodthemeaningoffreedom!Inthisfastpacedworld,wheresmartphonesarea(n)8andlifewithoutinternetmightjustbethenextsteptoinsanity(瘋狂),we’ve9thesimplepleasuresinlife.Just10foramomenttoaskyourself11it’sbeensinceyou’vejust

sat

downforawhile,doingabsolutely12yetfeelingperfectlyhappyandcontented!Peopletendtofindhappinessincommoditiesor13aroundthem,buttheperfectplacetostartsearchingforhappinessis14withinyou!Happinessislikea15.Itcanbespreadtoothers,ifonlywearewillingtosplash(撒)afew16onourselves!Truehappinessissaidtobe17whenwearethe18behindaperson’sbeautifulsmileandimmensehappiness!Sothenexttimeyouseesomeoneupsetorfeelinglow,19themabitofyourtimeandsupport.Itdoesn’tcostmuch,butdoublesthehappinessinyour20!1.A.familiar B.new C.old D.strange2.A.sense B.kind C.type D.matter3.A.as B.since C.with D.for4.A.happened B.occurred C.invented D.created5.A.realized B.thought C.recognized D.discovered6.A.which B.when C.where D.what7.A.suddenly B.finally C.gradually D.immediately8.A.necessity B.equipment C.tool D.treasure9.A.conducted B.finished C.remembered D.forgotten10.A.wait B.stop C.hold D.stay11.A.howlong B.howoften C.howmany D.howmuch12.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything13.A.things B.goods C.data D.basics14.A.correct B.right C.proper D.suitable15.A.river B.well C.spring D.perfume16.A.drops B.bottles C.pieces D.bags17.A.made B.achieved C.developed D.grew18.A.possession B.component C.part D.reason19.A.bring B.take C.lend D.give20.A.soul B.mind C.heart D.spirit2NineyearsagowhenIwenttoanEnglishcornerforthefirsttime,nobodytriedtotalktome.However,Ihavenowbecomea(n)21

participantattheEnglishcorner.Ialwaysgivea(n)22smiletonewcomers.TherehavebeentimeswhenIfeelunableto23thosewhohaveanexcellentcommandofEnglish.ButaslongasIrememberthe24

Ireceivednineyearsago,Ifeelbetter25

forthechallenge,forI26

thereisnopointinbeingsorryformyowninabilityandtheonly27wayforwardistostartagainfromtheverybeginningwithfull28.Thedeterminationtostartagainindicatesyour29

ofthemanyopportunitiesahead.You’veall30

readthenovelGonewiththeWind,andare31

byScarlett,theheroine,whobringsherselfandthefamilythroughthe

32

yearsoftheCivilWarandReconstructionandregainsherfootinginAtlanta.Attheendofthebook,shesays33,“Afterall,tomorrowisanotherday.”Scarlett’spersistence(堅(jiān)持)andself-confidenceinfaceofdifficultyprobably34

theever-appealingattractionofthecharacter,andtheeverlastingpopularityofthenovel.Itistruethattheageinwhichweliveisnot35.Therearealotofhardshipsandbarriersahead.But,ifwe36

thatwealwayshavetomorrowbeforeus,wewillnotbethat37

witheverythingaroundusnow.Tomorrowwillbeanewday.Thisisthe38

onwhichwerely.Withthisfaith,wewill39

allthatwasdisagreeableyesterdayanddiscovergoldenopportunitiestoachievethatwhichwe’veneverbefore40.21.A.rude B.anxious C.careless D.active22.A.grateful B.encouraging C.familiar D.winning23.A.keepupwith B.takepridein C.getridof D.makefunof24.A.advice B.training C.treatment D.protection25.A.allowed B.prepared C.blamed D.supported26.A.suspect B.know C.promise D.remember27.A.serious B.awkward C.proper D.bearable28.A.schedule B.determination C.curiosity D.puzzlement29.A.share B.experience C.memory D.awareness30.A.probably B.gradually C.obviously D.frequently31.A.impressed B.annoyed C.scared D.confused32.A.recent B.golden C.romantic D.bitter33.A.casually B.wrongly C.hopefully D.naturally34.A.admit B.explain C.predict D.reduce35.A.perfect B.reasonable C.meaningful D.difficult36.A.declare B.forget C.realize D.doubt37.A.patient B.busy C.connected D.dissatisfied38.A.pride B.reality C.faith D.benefit39.A.throwaway B.showup C.seekfor D.dependon40.A.analyzed B.accepted C.designed D.obtained3Itisalmostimpossibletobeleftaloneinadigitalworld,wherepeoplearemeanttobeconnected.Inthisrespect,digitaltechnologieshave41ourlife.Thepossibilitytobeconnectedallthetimehasbroughtourpersonalspacetoa(n)42aswe'veknownit.Peoplehavebecomeso43intheworldofnetworksthatonecanoftenbecontactedevenifthey'drathernotbe.Todaywecantalk,textande-mail,notonlyfromour44,butfromourmobilephonesaswell.Mostpeoplehavebecome45ondigitaltechnologysimplybecauseithasbecomeanecessarypartoflife,andatthispointnot46itwouldmakethemansocialoutsider.47,manyjobsandcareersrequirepeopletobeconnected.Fromthispointofview,beingreachablemightfeellikea48tothosewhomaynotwanttobeabletobecontactedatalltimes.Butsolitude(獨(dú)處)stillcanbepossibleforthosewho49wantit.Computerscanbe50andmobilephonescanbeturnedoff.Ofcourse,thechoicetobe“off”and“on”hasmany51aswellasdisadvantages.Whentravelersendup52inmountains,andmobilephonescanmeanlifeordeath,althoughtheycanalsomakepeoplefeel53andforcedtoanswerunwantedcalls.Actually,attitudestowardsdigitaltechnologiesasasociety54widely.Somefindthemagift.Othersconsiderthemacurse.Whetheryoulikeitornot,it'shardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthe55indigitaltechnologies.41.A.reshaped B.respected C.ignored D.preserved42.A.alarm B.stage C.end D.balance43.A.sensitive B.intelligent C.considerate D.reachable44.A.neighbors B.computers C.friends D.monitors45.A.impressed B.hard C.dependent D.focused46.A.finding B.using C.protecting D.changing47.A.Also. B.Instead. C.Otherwise. D.Therefore.48.A.pleasure B.benefit C.burden D.shame49.A.slightly B.barely C.merely D.really50.A.soldout B.brokenup C.shutdown D.joinedin51.A.aspects B.advantages C.weaknesses D.exceptions52.A.hidden B.lost C.relaxed D.deserted53.A.trapped B.excited C.confused D.amused54.A.vary B.arise C.spread D.exist55.A.hopes B.tests C.interests D.achievements4Afamoustheoristoncesaid,“Idon’tdividetheworldintotheweakandthestrong:orthesuccessesandthefailures...Idividetheworldintothelearnersandthenon-learners.”Whatonearthwouldmakesomeoneanon-learner?Everyoneisbornwithanintense56tolearn.Babiesrisetothelearningchallengedaily.Notjustfor57tasks,butthemostdifficultonesofalifetime,likeleaningtowalkandtalk.Theyneverdecideit’stoohardornotworththe58.Babiesdon’tworryaboutmakingmistakesor59themselves.Theywalk,theyfall,they60.Whatputsanendtothisfearlesslearning?Afixedmindset.Assoonaschildrenbecomeabletoevaluatethemselves,someofthembecome61ofchallenges.Theyworryaboutnotbeing62.Myresearchteamhavestudiedthousandsofpeoplefrompreschoolerson,andIt’sbreathtakinghowmany63anopportunitytolearn.Weofferedfour-year-oldsa64：theycouldredoaneasyjigsaw(拼圖)ortryaharderone.Evenatthisyoungage,childrenwithafixedmindsetstuckwiththe65one.Theybelievesmartkidsdon’tmake66.Childrenwithagrowthmindset,however,thoughtitwasa67choice.Whywouldanyonewanttokeepdoingthesamepuzzle68?Theychoseincreasinglydifficult-onesinstead.Believingthatsuccessisaboutlearning,childrenwithagrowthmindsetseizedthechance.Butthosewithafixedmindsetdidn’twanttoexposetheir69.Thisishowafixedmindsetmakespeopleinto70.56.A.fear B.drive C.competition D.concentration57.A.crucial B.mental C.ordinary D.particular58.A.attention B.effort C.interest D.time59.A.confusing B.behaving C.punishing D.hurting60.A.getup B.giveup C.showup D.shutup61.A.afraid B.ashamed C.confident D.ignorant62.A.adorable B.curious C.modest D.smart63.A.seize B.ruin C.reject D.require64.A.lesson B.choice C.gift D.game65.A.challenging B.interesting C.new D.simple66.A.decisions B.jigsaws C.mistakes D.predictions67.A.strange B.promising C.profitable D.difficult68.A.repeatedly B.unwillingly C.automatically D.properly69.A.secrets B.thoughts C.preferences D.weaknesses70.A.theorists B.perfectionists C.non-learners D.risk-takers5Thelazybeachvacationsandstudy-abroadyearsaregonebecauseofthepandemic（流行病）.Many,whobelievetravelisintheirgenes,findit71tobekeptinthesameplaceforsolong.MyfriendJamesisoneofthemandisgrowingboredandupset,72fortheoldtravellingdays.Howtopullthroughthedepressingsituation?Therearemanywaystoanswerthequestion,but“being73isnotoneofthem.Peoplealwayshaveastrong74tobeonthego.However,itshowsourtrueabilitywhenthatdemandcan'tbe75instantly.Travelisagoodwaytomeetnewpeopleand76newthings,butwehave77ifwecan'tmakeit.Wecangooffthe78pathandtravelintheoff-season.Byconnectingwithcommunitiesandspendingourmoneyinwaysthatsupport79,itwillbeamoremeaningfulwayto80thedifferencesthatmaketheworldcolorful.Wecanplanatripinsteadwhilewecan't81bethere.“Expectationsplaya82roleinourlife.Andourfuture—mindednesscanbeasourceof83ifweknowgoodthingsare84Ineveryway,travelisagreatthingto85,”saidMatthewKillingsworth,aprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvania.So86atripisnearlyasenjoyableasactuallytakingone.Makingplansisitsown87Itmakesusrememberthereisabig,88worldoutthere.Manyofus,meincluded,havetakenwhatwehaveforgranted.TomSwick,atravelwriter,tellsmehe89toviewtravelasaroutine."Now,Ilookforwardtoexperiencingitasa90,”sayshe.71.A.unbearable B.unpredictable C.unreliable D.uncertain72.A.heading B.competing C.switching D.longing73.A.optimistic B.active C.desperate D.hesitant74.A.pressure B.sorrow C.fancy D.desire75.A.reserved B.satisfied C.explained D.ignored76.A.experience B.recover C.risk D.provide77.A.curiosity B.alternatives C.advances D.regret78.A.hidden B.broken C.beaten D.frozen79.A.hobbies B.shelters C.fictions D.locals80.A.refuse B.appreciate C.decrease D.avoid81.A.mentally B.rarely C.physically D.merely82.A.negative B.mild C.valueless D.significant83.A.concern B.chaos C.independence D.joy84.A.offthetrack B.intheway C.aroundthecomer D.tothepoint85.A.lookforwardto B.lookdownon C.lookoutfor D.lookbackat86.A.canceling B.plotting C.adjusting D.denying87.A.reward B.focus C.price D.form88.A.frightening B.rolling C.appealing D.resting89.A.used B.hoped C.agreed D.wanted90.A.service B.gift C.trend D.play6Certainty：Over-ratedandOver-rewardedTypethewords“kindof”or“perhaps”intoanemailinMicrosoftOutlookandtheprogrammightwelltellyoutothinkagain.IftheAl-powered“MicrosoftEditor”judgesthatyouarenotsounding91enough,itwillsoongiveyouawordofwarning：“Wordsexpressinguncertaintywill92yourimpact.”Tome,thissuggestionpreciselyexpressessomethingwe’vegotwronginsociety.Weliveinaworldthat93thosewhospeakwithconfidence-evenwhenthatismisplaced-andgivesverylittleopportunitytoperformtothosewho94doubt.“Wetendtolistentothoseexpertswhotellusasimple,clearandconfidentstory.Why?Becausethat’s95satisfying,”saysDanGardner,authorofFutureBabble,“That’ssayingletmesweepawaytheuncertaintyforyou’.”Researchshowsthatthehumanbrainis“programmed”tohate96：a2016studyfoundthatwhenvolunteersweregivenelectricshocks,theirstresslevels