(英語(yǔ))高考專題講義 語(yǔ)法填空

高考英語(yǔ)專題講義【語(yǔ)法填空（2）】純空格題之解題技巧：指“在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~”這類題。這類題只考代詞、冠詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞和介詞。冠詞來(lái)說(shuō)相對(duì)比較容易判斷，介詞主要考查學(xué)生的積累以及對(duì)介詞本身用法的了解。方法探究1：邊做邊悟：請(qǐng)做下面一組題，每做一題都要思考是如何一步一步做出來(lái)的，并將解題的思維過(guò)程寫出來(lái)。在做完這一組題后，總結(jié)一下這類題的解題方法。1.（2012）Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday，wearingsunglasses…“Doyouneedthoseglassesformedicalreasons?”theteacherasked.Thenewboyshookhishead.“ThenI'dappreciateitifyoudidn'tweartheminclass.IliketolookatyoureyeswhenI'mspeakingtoyou.”Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswonderedwhattheboywoulddo.Thenhetook_______off,gaveabigsmileandsaid,“Thatiscool"·2.（2011）Behindhimwereotherpeopletowhomhewastryingtotalk，butaftersomeminutes________walkedawayandsatnearme，lookingannoyed.3.（2011）Irosefrommyseatandwalkedtothefrontofthebus.Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehadanamazingconversation.HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.I'mgladImadeachoice.Itmade________ofusfeelgood.4.（2011）Heaskedhisteacher，"Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike_____?”5.（2009）…althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile，sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease_________.6.（2009）JanewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstoreSherememberedhowdifficult_______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.7.（2008）Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty（960-1279）wasveryanxioustohelphisricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout_______dayandnight.8.（2007）IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused_________．【歸納總結(jié)】當(dāng)句子缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，填________________.因?yàn)槌洚?dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的應(yīng)是名詞或代詞，而在語(yǔ)法填空的純空格中一般是不要求考生填名詞的，所以只要句子缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，就該填代詞。此時(shí)，要根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)境偏看該空格是指人還是事物，指男還是指女，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。除人稱代詞外，也有可能是填____________（如第3題）等。還有可能是填作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的____________（如第6題），替代后面作真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句?！咎貏e提醒】請(qǐng)多注意不定代詞如：other,others,another,both,some等的用法。方法探究2：邊做邊悟：請(qǐng)做下面一組題，每做一題都要思考是如何一步一步做出來(lái)的，并將解題的思維過(guò)程寫出來(lái)。做完這一組題后，總結(jié)一下這類題的解題方法。1.(2013)Nick’sguests,_________hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.2.(2013)Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceofit;neithertoomuch________toolittle.3.（2012）________hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback，hewaswrong.4.（2012）Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim，theyhadtolookatMary，__________madeherfeellikeastar.5.（2012）Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered________theboywoulddo.6.（2011）Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme_______thebusarrived.7.（2011）Behindhimwereotherpeopleto_________hewastryingtotalk，…8.（2010）Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder________hadbeenhisteacher.9.（2010）Weunderstandthislessonbest______wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.10.（2009）Janepausedinfrontofacounter________someattractivetieswereondisplay.11.(2008）Oneday，hecameupwithanidea_________hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.12.（2008）Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday，________hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow"higher.【歸納總結(jié)】當(dāng)空格前后都是句子（一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子），且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián)詞時(shí)（兩句之間是逗號(hào)或無(wú)標(biāo)點(diǎn)），填__________；若并列的兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞，填表示聯(lián)合、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折等意義的并列連詞。具體填哪個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞，由兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)決定。若是句子與句子之間，還要分析整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，分清主句與從句，弄清從句在整個(gè)句子中作何種成分，確定從句類型（在整個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)就是_________從句；作定語(yǔ)叫定語(yǔ)從句；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、結(jié)果等的從句叫_________從句），以及引導(dǎo)該類從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用特點(diǎn)（如引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞一定是代表先行詞并在從句中作句子成分的；引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，that沒(méi)有任何意思也不作任何句子成分，即句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思完整時(shí)即填_________，而if或whether有意思但不作句子成分，who,whom,which,when,where,how等則有意思也作句子成分）來(lái)決定?！咎貏e提醒】注意1：在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which指代逗號(hào)前“整件事情”的用法。注意2：注意狀語(yǔ)從句中until,before,after,when的用法?！緟⒖即鸢浮糠椒?：1.them2.they3.both4.it5.him6.it7.it8.her【歸納總結(jié)】代詞；不定代詞；it方法2:1.who2.nor3.If4.which5.that6.until7.whom8.who9.when10.where11.that12.But【歸納總結(jié)】關(guān)聯(lián)詞；名詞性；狀語(yǔ)；that【鞏固練習(xí)】(1)Acertainmanplantedaroseandwatereditfaithfullyandbeforeitblossomed,heexaminedit.Hesawthebud(16)________wouldsoonblossom,butnoticedthornsuponthestemandhethought,"Howcananybeautifulflowercome(17)________aplantburdenedwithsomanysharpthorns?"Saddenedbythisthought,heneglectedtowatertherose,andjust(18)________itwasreadytobloom...itdied.Soitis(19)________manypeople.Withineverysoulthereis(20)________rose.TheGod-likequalitiesplantedinusatbirth,growamidthethornsofourfaults.Manyofuslookat(21)________andseeonlythethorns,thedefects.Wedespair,thinkingthat(22)________goodcanpossiblycomefromus.Weneglecttowaterthegoodwithinus,andeventually(23)________dies.Weneverrealizeourpotential.Somepeopledonotsee(24)________rosewithinthemselves;someoneelsemustshowittothem.Oneofthegreatestgiftsapersoncanpossessistobeabletoreachpastthethornsofanotherandfindtherose(25)________them.(2)Whenwedonotunderstandeachother'slanguage,wecantalkwiththehelpofsigns.AFrenchmanwasoncetravelinginEngland.HecouldnotspeakEnglishatall.Oneday,(16)________wentintoarestaurantandsatdownatatable.Whenthewaitercame,heopenedhismouth,puthisfingersinitandtake(17)________outagain.Hewantedtosay,"Bringme(18)________toeat."Thewaitersoonbroughthimacupoftea.Themanmovedhishead(19)________sidetoside.Thewaiterunderstoodhimandtooktheteaaway.Inamomenthecame(20)________acupofcoffeeandputitonthetable.Themanagainrefusedhisoffer.Heshookhisheadwheneverthewaiterbroughthimsomethingtodrink,(21)________drinksarenotfood.Whenthemanwasgoingaway,(22)________mancamein.Thismansawthewaiter,andheputhishands(23)________hisstomach.Thiswasenough.Inafewminutestherewasalargeplateofmeatandvegetableson(24)________tableinfrontofhim,(25)______yousee,wecanunderstandthelanguageofsignsaswellaswecanunderstandthelanguageofwords.(3)Everyoneknowsthatearthquakescandamagetheirproperty.Butactually,(16)________somesituations,moredamageisdoneafteranearthquakethan(17)________itishappening.(18)________,youcandoagreatmanythingsafteranearthquakethatmayhelptoprotectyourhome.Firstofall,makesurethereisnogasleak.Theprofessionalsuggestionistoturnoffthegasline(19)_____youcan.Ifthereisagasleakandyoucan'tturnitoff,(20)_____isrecommendedthatyougeteveryoneoutofthehouseandgotoaneighbor'stocallthefiredepartment.Secondly,makesure(21)________ofthewaterpipesarebroken.Evenifyoudon'tseeanywaterleaking,youshouldcallthewatercompanytosee(22)________thewaterissafetodrink.Youdon'twantanyofyourfamilymemberstogetsick(23)________heorshehasdrunkunsafewater,right?Thelastthing(24)________youshoulddoistomakesurethefoundationofthehouseisnotcrackedorsinking.Acrackedorsinkingfoundationcanbeasign(25)________thehousemaycollapse.Inthiscase,leavethehouseanddonotenterit(26)________anexpertlooksattheproblem.(4)Dawngraduatedseveralyearsago.She(16)________(be)asuccessfulmodel,andfindingajobhadnotbeenaproblem---untilrecently.WhenDawndidstarttryingtofind(17)________typeofjob,shefoundininterviewafterinterviewthatcomputerliteracywasamustto(18)________(employ).SinceDawnhadalwaysbeenafraidoflearningcomputer(19)________incollege---theirschooldidn'trequiretolearncomputeratthattime---shemanagedtogetadegree(20)________everconfrontingacomputer.Finally,aftermonthsof(21)________(search)forajob,Dawnfailed.Shehadtoadmitthatsidestepping(回避)computerliteracyhadn'tbeenagoodidea.(22)________,Sheenrolledinacomputercourseat(23)________adultvocationalschool.(24)________(surprise),althoughshehadbeenafraidoflearningcomputer,shetooktocomputers(25)________muchthatafteraboutayearsheopenedherowncomputer-basedbusiness.(5)Somewildturkeys,itappears,weretryingtogetoutofNewJerseybeforeThanksgivingDay.AspokesmanfromNJTransitsaidtrainofficialsreportedadozenorsowildturkeys(16)________astationplatforminRamsey,20milesnorthwestofNewYorkCity,onWednesdayafternoon.(17)________linetravelstoSuffern"Foramoment,(18)________lookedliketheturkeyswerewaitingforthenextoutboundtrain,"saidDanStessel,aspokesmanforNJTransit."obviously,theyaretryingtocatchatrainandescape(19)________fate."Transitworkersfollowedthebird's(20)________(move)onsurveillancecameras."Ihavenoidea(21)________theygotthere,"Stesselsaid.ARamseypolicedispatchersaidthedepartmenthadreceivedthreecallsaboutthetravelingturkeyswhoalso(22)________(blame)forcausingmorningrushhourtrafficproblemsonaroadway.