英語國家概況：Chapter-10-Government(美國政府)

Chapter10GovernmentCONTENTSI.Constitution1.Timeline2.Characteristic1&23.Framework&AmendmentsII.Government1TheFederalGovernment2.TheLegislature3.TheExecutive

4.TheJudiciaryIII.PoliticalParties1.Two-partysystem2.Duverger'slaw3TheDemocraticParty&theRepublicanPartyIV.Election1.Candidates2.PrimaryElection3.Activities

4.GeneralElectionV.ForeignPolicy1.Neutrality2.ContainmentandInterventionⅠ.ConstitutionII.Government01TheFederalGovernment03TheExecutive02TheLegislature04TheJudiciaryCONTENTS01TheFederalGovernment——CentralgovernmentoftheUnitedStatesMainprinciples

Federalism

TheseparationofpowersandrespectfortheConstitution

TheruleoflawThreeequalandseparatebranches

TheLegislativebranch

TheExecutivebranch

TheJudicialbranch02TheLegislature2.1Congress2.2Senate2.3TheHouseofRepresentatives2.4TheProcessofLaw-making2.1CongressLaw-makingandthesupremelegislativebody；Twohouses:

theSenate

theHouseofRepresentatives100votingmembers,twofromeachstate;Maybereelectedforanunlimitednumberofsix-yearterms,chosenbyadirectelection;Qualificationsforbeingasenator:

over30yearsold;aresidentinthestatewhichtheyrepresent;

aUScitizenforatleast9years.2.2Senate435votingmembersplussixnon-votingrepresentativesfromPuertoRico,theDistrictofColumbiaandfourotherterritoriesoftheU.S.Statelegislaturedivideseachstateintocongressionaldistricts,eachdistrictelectingonerepresentative;Qualificationsforbeingarepresentative:

atleast25yearsold;aUScitizenforatleast7years;

serveforatermoftwoyears.2.3TheHouseofRepresentativesThemainfunctionofCongress—passinglawsfortheUnion;EitherhousemayintroducelegislationonanysubjectexcepttherevenuebillswhichmustoriginateintheHouseofRepresentatives.Complicatedlaw-makingprocess:“Dies”&“Lost”&“Act”2.4TheProcessofLaw-making03TheExecutive3.1Departments3.2FunctionsofThePresident3.3QualificationsofThePresident3.4WhiteHouseTheexecutivebranchconsistsof15departmentsandmanyindependentagencies；Cabinet:majorsourceofadviceandassistancetothepresidentPresident:thechiefoftheexecutivebranch.Firstcitizen&FirstLady3.1DepartmentsAsChiefExecutive,heisgiventheauthorityorduty:

tomanagenationalaffairsandtheworkingofthefederalgovernment;

tocontrolAmericanforeignpolicy;

toholdsignificantinfluenceinlaw-making;

toinfluencethedecisionofthefederalcourts;……Thepresident’slimits:

majorappointmentswithapprovaloftheSenate;

allappropriationslegislatedbyCongress;

canbeimpeachedbyCongressifabusingpowerorcommittingcrimes;nopowertodismissCongress;…...3.2FunctionsofThePresidentNatural-bornAmericancitizenatleast35yearsold;BeingresidentwithinUSforatleast14years;Serveoneortwosuccessivetermsoffouryears.

FranklinD.Roosevelt—theonlypresidentwhoservedmorethantwosuccessiveterms

AfterWorldWarII,Congressadoptedanamendmentlimitingapresidenttotwosuccessivetermsonly.3.3QualificationsofThePresidentTheofficialpresidentialresidence.3.4WhiteHouse04TheJudiciaryAseriesofcourts:

TheSupremeCourt,thecourtsofappealsandthedistrictcourts.TheSupremeCourt—thehighestcourt:

oneChiefJusticeandeightAssociateJustices;

decisionsaremadebythemajority.

appointedbythePresidentwiththeSenate’sapproval;

onlyremovedfromofficebyCongressthroughadifficultimpeachmentprocess.ThemajorpowersoftheSupremeCourt

tointerpretlaws;

tohearappealsfromanyfederalcourtcases;

tohearappealsfromstatecourtcases;

maydeclareapresidentialactunconstitutional.Federaljudicialsystem&statejudicialsystemDifferencebetweenfederalcourtandstatecourtⅢ.PoliticalParties2022ElectionⅤ.ForeignPolicyReviewQuestionsWhatarethetwocharacteristicsofU.SConstitution?Whatistheseparationofpowersandhowdoesabillbecomelaw?Whatarethefunctionsofthemajorpartieswhenthe