2024-2025學(xué)年云南省文山州高三上學(xué)期階段檢測(cè)卷（二）英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1云南省文山州2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期階段檢測(cè)卷（二）英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whereisthewomanfrom?A.TheUSA.B.Canada.C.Japan.2.Whichdressdoesthemantellthewomantowear?A.Theredone.B.Theblueone.C.Thegreyone.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inastore.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inabank.4.Whenwillthenextbuscome?A.At6:35.B.At6:45.C.At7:00.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofmath?A.It’sinteresting.B.It’sconfusing.C.Itmakeshimsmarter.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Neighbors.C.Customerandwaitress.7.HowwillBillandMarygohome?A.Bybus.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whatdoesthemanwanttodowiththetrousersatfirst?A.Toexchangethem.B.Toreturnthem.C.Torepairthem.9.Whenwillthemangotoaparty?A.OnWednesday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Howmanybookscanthemanborrowatatime?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.11.Whatkindofbooksisthemaninterestedin?A.Science.B.Sports.C.History.12.Whenisthelibraryclosed?A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whendoesthewomangototherestaurant?A.Intheearlymorning.B.Inthemiddleofthemorning.C.Atnoon.14.Whatdoesthewomanlovemostabouttherestaurant?A.Thequietenvironment.B.Thedeliciousfood.C.Thejazzmusic.15.Whatdoesthemanhaveforlunch?A.Pancakes.B.Fishpie.C.Sausages.16.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisfavoriterestaurant?A.It’snewandclean.B.Thefoodistastyandcheap.C.Afilmstarofteneatsthere.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Wherewillthestudentsgo?A.Atheater.B.Abigpark.C.Azoo.18.Whichofthefollowinghasdisplaysfromdifferentcountries?A.TheJapaneseTeaGarden.B.TheHouseofFlowers.C.ThedeYoungMuseum.19.WhatisintheJapaneseTeaGarden?A.Asmalllake.B.Aconcerthall.C.Anartgallery.20.WhereisGoldenGatePark?A.Inthecountryside.B.Closetothecity.C.Inthemiddleofthecity.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AClubSportsprovidebothacompetitiveandsocialsportingexperiencetoanyPurduestudent.Thereareclubsforallskilllevels,frombeginnertoseasonedexpert.ExploreRecWellclubsbelow.ThePurdueSoftballClubThePurdueSoftballClubisastudent-runorganizationrecognizedbytheNationalClubSoftballAssociation.Asaclubteam,weprovidePurduestudentswiththeopportunitytocontinueplayingsoftballatacompetitivecollegiatelevel.AsNCSAmembers,weparticipateintheGreatAmerican-WestconferenceconsistingoftheUniversityofNotreDame,UniversityofMichigan,EasternMichigan,andLoyola-Chicago.PresidentContact:DanielleOlsenEmail:danielleolson9@ThePurdueGymnasticsClubThePurdueGymnasticsClubisagroupofnormaleverydaystudentswho,likeyourself,wanttostayactivewhileatschool.Wepracticeduringeveninghoursfourtimesaweekduringthefallandspringsemesters.Weownandoperateequipmentfor4women’sand6men’sevents.President:MayaMcDonaldEmail:medon127@ThePurdueTriathlonClubThePurdueTriathlonClub’smissionistogettogetherathleteswhodesiretotrainmulti-sportinasocialenvironmentandpromoteinterestandparticipationintriathlons(鐵人三項(xiàng)),duathlons(鐵人兩項(xiàng)),running,swimmingandcyclingeventsonthePurdueUniversitycampusthatprovideopportunitiesformemberstoparticipateintriathlonsandrelatedathleticactivities.Weencourageandsupportmemberswhiletrainingtogether.Wetraveltoracesinthespringandsummertogetherandhosttworacesduringtheschoolyear.WeendouryearattheCollegiateNationalsinApril.President:PatrickCavanaughEmail:pcavana@ThePurdueMen’sClubVolleyballThePurdueMen’sClubVolleyballallowsPurdueundergraduateandgraduatestudentstoplayvolleyballatacompetitive,intercollegiatelevel.Tryoutsareheldatthebeginningofeachsemesterandteamsaredividedbasedonskilllevel.Playerscomefromalloverthecountry,notjustlimitedtotheMidwest.ThefirstandsecondteamstraveltotournamentsacrosstheMidwestandtotheNCVFNationaltournamenteachspring.TheclubisanNCVFandMIVArecognizedprogramandconsistentlyfinishesinthetopcompetitivedivisionsoftheregionandnation.PresidentContact:JosiahRockeyEmail:rockey1@1.Wherecanyouseetheseinformation?A.StudentsTextbooks. B.CampusNetwork.C.NewsWebsite. D.SchoolMagazines.2.WhatmakestheThePurdueGymnasticsClubspecial?A.Itisastudent-runorganization.B.Itisopeneveryotherdaythroughoutthesemester.C.Itoperatesequipmentfor10events.D.Itallowsathletetotraininmultiplesports.3.Whichclubishighlycompetitiveonanationallevel?A.ThePurdueTriathlonClub.B.ThePurdueGymnasticsClub.C.ThePurdueUniversitySoftballclub.D.ThePurdueMen’sClubVolleyball.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹了普渡大學(xué)的四個(gè)學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“ClubSportsprovidebothacompetitiveandsocialsportingexperiencetoanyPurduestudent.Thereareclubsforallskilllevels,frombeginnertoseasonedexpert.ExploreRecWellclubsbelow.(俱樂部運(yùn)動(dòng)為任何普渡大學(xué)的學(xué)生提供競技和社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。這里有適合所有技能水平的俱樂部，從初學(xué)者到經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的專家。探索下面的RecWell俱樂部。)”可知，該文章介紹的是普渡大學(xué)的俱樂部，同時(shí)根據(jù)每個(gè)部分的郵件地址可知，該文章來自于校園網(wǎng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“ThePurdueGymnasticsClub”部分中的“Weownandoperateequipmentfor4women’sand6men’sevents.(我們擁有并運(yùn)營4個(gè)女子項(xiàng)目和6個(gè)男子項(xiàng)目的設(shè)備。)”可知，該俱樂部管理十項(xiàng)賽事設(shè)備。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“ThePurdueMen’sClubVolleyball”部分中的“TheclubisanNCVFandMIVArecognizedprogramandconsistentlyfinishesinthetopcompetitivedivisionsoftheregionandnation.(該俱樂部是NCVF和MIVA認(rèn)可的項(xiàng)目，并一直在該地區(qū)和國家的頂級(jí)競技賽區(qū)中完成。)”可知，該俱樂部在全國范圍內(nèi)有很強(qiáng)的競爭力。故選D項(xiàng)。BDuring20yearsofstacking(碼放)shelveswithgoodsathisfamily’ssupermarketinPollencaontheSpanishislandofMallorca,JoseLuis-Reig,knownasPep,nevergaveathoughttotheacademicworld.Itwasonlywhenvisitingtheclassroomsandpassagesofmainlanduniversitieswithhistwoteenagedaughtersthathesuddenlyfelthimselfathomeamongthebooksandatmosphereoflearning.AfterschoolPephadintendedtodoadegreeinbiologyatBarcelonaUniversitybuthadbeencalledontohelprunthefamilybusinessinstead.Butthequestionof“What’smyroleinlife?“Stillkeptcomingbacktohim.Itwasn’tuntilayearlaterthattheanswersuddenlystruckhim.Whenhewasatschool,otherchildrenwouldcometohimwiththeirproblems.Hedevelopedareputationandsowasinvitedontolocalradio,wheretheinterviewersaid,“You’relikeayoungpsychologist.”Pepwasnostrangertochange.Thefamilybusinesshadoriginallybeenasawmill(鋸木廠),butwhenPep,then27,wasaskedifhewantedtotakeover,hedecidedtotransformthemillintothetown’sfirstsupermarket.Onedayintheshop,whattheradiopresentersaidcamebacktohim.Afterrunningtheideapasthisfamily,heappliedtouniversityinPalmatostudypsychologyand,aged46,wasaccepted.“Ihadtogetusedtobeingmucholderthanalltheotherstudents,”hesays.“Infact,Iwasolderthanmyprofessor.ButIbelievedisadvantagescanalwaysbeadvantages.AndIendeduphelpingtheothersbecauseI’dhadmorelifeexperiencethatcarriespsychologicalimpact,whichcouldreflectclassroomtheory.Pepcametopofhisyearandimpressedhistutorssomuchthathewasofferedajobresearchingandteaching,whichhestilldoeswhilestudyingforamaster’sinneuropsychology.Now52,andstillinthejob,headds,“Myonlyregretisnothavingdoneitearlier.4.WhatcanweknowaboutPepinthefirstparagraph?A.Hefeltrelaxedintheacademicatmosphere.B.Hevisitedhisdaughters’universitiesfrequently.C.Hesupportedhisdaughtersbyarrangingshelves.D.Heneverquitthethoughtofgoingtomainlandcolleges.5.WhatwasPep’sanswertothequestionofhisroleinlife?A.Towinareputation. B.Tostudypsychology.C.Totakeoverhisfamilybusiness. D.Tocurechildrenoftheirproblems.6.WhatinspiredPeptoapplytotheuniversityinPalmaat46?A.Hispursuitofabettercareer. B.Theradiopresenter’scomment.C.Hisclassmates’encouragement. D.Theproposalofthefamilymembers.7.WhichqualitymighthavehelpedPepalotintheuniversity?A.Integrity. B.Self-discipline. C.Sensitivity. D.Optimism.〖答案〗4.A5.D6.B7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了經(jīng)營家庭超市20年的Pep在接受電臺(tái)采訪時(shí)的評(píng)論，決定申請(qǐng)去帕爾瑪大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)心理學(xué)，并在46歲被錄取，實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢(mèng)想，并最終得到一份研究和教學(xué)的工作?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itwasonlywhenvisitingtheclassroomsandpassagesofmainlanduniversitieswithhistwoteenagedaughtersthathesuddenlyfelthimselfathomeamongthebooksandatmosphereoflearning.(只是在和兩個(gè)十幾歲的女兒一起參觀內(nèi)地大學(xué)的教室和通道時(shí)，他才突然覺得自己在書本和學(xué)習(xí)氛圍中感到賓至如歸)”可知，在與自己的女兒參觀本地大學(xué)時(shí)，Pep會(huì)有一種賓至如歸的感覺。由此可知，Pep在學(xué)術(shù)氛圍中感到很輕松。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Itwasn’tuntilayearlaterthattheanswersuddenlystruckhim.Whenhewasatschool,otherchildrenwouldcometohimwiththeirproblems.Hedevelopedareputationandsowasinvitedontolocalradio,wheretheinterviewersaid,“You’relikeayoungpsychologist.(直到一年后，〖答案〗才突然降臨到他心頭。當(dāng)他在學(xué)校時(shí)，其他孩子會(huì)帶著他們的問題來找他。他聲名鵲起，因此被邀請(qǐng)到當(dāng)?shù)仉娕_(tái)，采訪者說：“你就像一個(gè)年輕的心理學(xué)家?！?”可知，Pep在學(xué)校的時(shí)候，他經(jīng)常幫助學(xué)生解決問題，因此而聲名鵲起。由此推知，Pep認(rèn)為人生角色的〖答案〗是治愈孩子的問題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hedevelopedareputationandsowasinvitedontolocalradio,wheretheinterviewersaid,“You’relikeayoungpsychologist.(他聲名鵲起，因此被邀請(qǐng)到當(dāng)?shù)仉娕_(tái)，采訪者說：“你就像一個(gè)年輕的心理學(xué)家?！?”以及倒數(shù)第三段中的“Onedayintheshop,whattheradiopresentersaidcamebacktohim.(有一天在商店里，電臺(tái)主持人說的話又回到了他腦海中)”可知，在接受電臺(tái)采訪時(shí)，記者說Pep很像一位年輕的心理學(xué)家，Pep想到這句評(píng)論后申請(qǐng)讀大學(xué)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ButIbelievedisadvantagescanalwaysbeadvantages.AndIendeduphelpingtheothersbecauseI’dhadmorelifeexperiencethatcarriespsychologicalimpact,whichcouldreflectclassroomtheory.(但我相信缺點(diǎn)可以是優(yōu)勢(shì)。我最終幫助了其他人，因?yàn)槲矣懈嗟纳罱?jīng)驗(yàn)，這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)帶來心理影響，這可以反映課堂理論)”可知，Pep進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，年齡很大，但是Pep卻把這種劣勢(shì)當(dāng)成優(yōu)勢(shì)，可以用自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)幫助其他人，這些生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的作用在課堂理論上得以反映。由此推知，Pep在上學(xué)期間的樂觀態(tài)度幫助他很多。故選D項(xiàng)。CCitiesaredifficulttonavigate(導(dǎo)航)atthebestoftimes,butforpeoplewithdisabilitiestheycanbelikecourseswithhurdlesandbringinconveniencetodisabledpeople.AUKnationaltravelsurveyfoundthatadultswithmobilitydifficultiestook39%fewertripsthanthosewithnodisabilityin2017.Yetthatcouldchangeasdevicesandcitiesgrowsmarter.Assistivetechisplayingabigroleinthetransformation.Theglobalvalueoftheindustryisexpectedtoincreasefrom$14billionin2015to$30.8billionin2024,accordingtoZionMarketResearch.OneofthethingsthatcouldtransformlivesisasmartwalkingstickdesignedbyengineersfromYoungGuruAcademy(YGA)inTurkey.TheWeWalkstickhasasensorthatdetectshurdlesabovechestlevelandusesvibrations(振動(dòng))towarntheuser.Itcanbepairedwithasmartphonetohelpnavigation,andisconnectedwithavoiceassistantandGoogleMaps.Ceylan,whohasbeenblindsincebirth,saysthatconnectingthesticktotheInternetofThingsandsmartcitysolutionsmakesituser-friendly.“Asablindperson,whenIamattheMetrostationIdon’tknowwhichismyexit...Idon’tknowwhichbusisapproaching...whichstoresarearoundme.ThatkindofinformationcanbeprovidedwiththeWeWalk,”hesays.“Thesmartwalkingstickisreallyanexcitinginitiativethatwillmakeahugedifferencetosomepeople,”saysAnnaLawson,thedirectoroftheCenterforDisabilityStudiesatLeedsUniversityintheUnitedKingdom.“Buttheyareveryexpensive...they’renotgoingtobeavailabletothevastmajorityofdisabledpeople,”sheadded.BryanMatthews,alecturerattheInstituteforTransportStudiesattheUniversityofLeeds,sharestheconcernsaboutcost.Hesaysthereshouldalsobeafocusoninclusivedesign,andanythingthathelpspeoplenavigatetheirenvironmentispositive.8.Whatdoes“that”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Thesurveythatcomparedadults’mobility.B.Thesmartindustrythatisbooming.C.Thefactthatthedisabledtraveledless.D.Therolethattheassistivetechplays.9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.TheworkingprinciplesoftheWeWalkstick.B.TheintroductionoftheWeWalkstickinventors.C.ThetransformationcausedbytheWeWalkstick.D.ThebenefitsbroughtaboutbytheWeWalkstick.10.What’sthepurposeofquotingCeylan?A.Toshowthevalueofsmarttech.B.Tourgemoreattentiontotheblind.C.Toincreasethepotentialmarketshare.D.Toencouragetechresearchanddevelopment.11.WhatisthedisadvantageoftheWeWalkstick?A.Confusinginstructions. B.Poornavigation.C.Inclusivedesigns. D.Highprices.〖答案〗8.C9.A10.A11.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章講述殘疾人比正常人旅游次數(shù)少這一現(xiàn)象，并指出如果設(shè)備和城市變得更加智能，這一現(xiàn)象將改變。并展示了智能手杖這一設(shè)備?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AUKnationaltravelsurveyfoundthatadultswithmobilitydifficultiestook39%fewertripsthanthosewithnodisabilityin2017.Yetthatcouldchangeasdevicesandcitiesgrowsmarter.(英國一項(xiàng)全國旅行調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，2017年，行動(dòng)不便的成年人比沒有殘疾的成年人旅游次數(shù)少了39%。然而，隨著設(shè)備和城市變得更加智能，這種情況可能會(huì)改變。)”可知，劃線詞為指示代詞that，通常指代前文的人或物，可推測(cè)在本句子指代前文提到的這一事實(shí)：行動(dòng)不便的成年人更少去旅游這一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段二三句“TheWeWalkstickhasasensorthatdetectshurdlesabovechestlevelandusesvibrations(振動(dòng))towarntheuser.Itcanbepairedwithasmartphonetohelpnavigation,andisconnectedwithavoiceassistantandGoogleMaps.(WeWalk手杖有一個(gè)傳感器，可以檢測(cè)胸部以上的障礙物，并使用振動(dòng)來警告用戶。它可以與智能手機(jī)配對(duì)以幫助導(dǎo)航，并與語音助手和谷歌地圖連接。)”可知，本段主要介紹了這種手杖的工作原理。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Ceylan,whohasbeenblindsincebirth,saysthatconnectingthesticktotheInternetofThingsandsmartcitysolutionsmakesituser-friendly.(Ceylan自出生以來就一直失明，他表示，將手杖連接到物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和智能城市解決方案，使其易于使用。)”可知，Ceylan認(rèn)為對(duì)他這樣的盲人而言，這種手杖起到了作用，本段引用他說的話““Asablindperson,whenIamattheMetrostationIdon’tknowwhichismyexit...Idon’tknowwhichbusisapproaching...whichstoresarearoundme.ThatkindofinformationcanbeprovidedwiththeWeWalk,”hesays.(“作為一個(gè)盲人，當(dāng)我在地鐵站時(shí)，我不知道哪個(gè)是我的出口……我不知道哪輛公共汽車來了。我周圍有哪些商店?這類信息可以通過WeWalk提供?！?”也是進(jìn)一步解釋他在段首提出的智能手杖有價(jià)值這一觀點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句““Buttheyareveryexpensive...they’renotgoingtobeavailabletothevastmajorityofdisabledpeople,”sheadded.(她補(bǔ)充道：“但它們非常昂貴…絕大多數(shù)殘疾人都負(fù)擔(dān)不起。”)”可知，這位專家的話語表明這種手杖的劣勢(shì)是價(jià)格太貴。故選D項(xiàng)。DPeoplewhogive,livelonger,studieshaveshown.Now,anewstudybyUniversityofMichiganshowsthatwhypeoplevolunteer—notwhethertheyvolunteer—iswhatreallycounts.Forthestudy,Konrathandcolleaguesanalyzeddatacollectedin2008and2012aimingatthesamerandomsamplesof3,376people.Overall,theyfoundthatjust2.3percentofthosewhoonceworkedasvolunteershaddied,comparedto4.3percentofnon-volunteers.Theyfurtherfoundthathowmuchpeoplevolunteeredmatteredaswell—only1.8percentofregularvolunteersdied,comparedwith2.5percentofoccasionalvolunteers.Butwhatreallymadeadifferencewerepeople’smotivesforvolunteering.Theresearchersaskedpeopletoratehowimportanttheyfoundvariousreasonsforvolunteering,andtheyfoundthatthemoreimportantpeopleratedreasonssuchasfeelingpityforpeopleinneed,themorelikelytheyweretobealive.Thosewhoratedmotivesrelatedtopersonalbenefitasmoreimportantweremorelikelytohavedied,andjustaslikelytodieasthosewhodidn’tvolunteeratall.Thesereasonsincludedvolunteeringbecausetheyenjoyedthesocialcontact,toescapetheirownproblems,ortoexploretheirownstrengths.Konrathsaysthecurrentfindingssuggestitmaybeapoorideatoencouragepeopletovolunteerbecauseit’sgoodforthem.“Volunteeringisincreasinglybeingencouragedinschoolsandorganizations.Somegroupssaythatit’sokaytowantbenefitsforyourself,andencouragepeopletothinkofvolunteeringasanexchangeforpersonalinterests.Somegroupsemphasizethehealthbenefitsreceivedthroughvolunteering.”Konrathadded,“Ofcourse,it’sreasonableforvolunteerstoexpectbenefitsforthemselves.Butthepotentialhealthbenefitsofvolunteeringaresignificantlyreducedifself-benefitbecomesaperson’smainmotive.”12.Whatdoesthenewstudymainlyfind?A.Howwevolunteermakessensetoothers. B.Howoftenwevolunteermakesadifference.C.Whetherwevolunteerdecidesourwell-being. D.Whywevolunteerhasanimpactonourhealth.13.Howdidtheresearchersdothestudy?A.Byanalyzingstatistics. B.Byratingvolunteers’performances.C.Bydoinglabexperiments. D.Bygroupingparticipantsrandomly.14.Whichofthefollowingmotiveswillprobablycontributetoalongerlife?A.Todevelopabilities. B.Tomakemorefriends.C.Tohelpthepoorpeople. D.Tosolvepersonalproblems.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Practicalsuggestionsonfurtherstudies. B.Afurtherexplanationofthecurrentfindings.C.Potentialapplicationsoftheresearchmethod. D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchresults.〖答案〗12.D13.A14.C15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。本篇文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即人們做志愿的動(dòng)機(jī)影響著人們的健康。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Peoplewhogive,livelonger,studieshaveshown.Now,anewstudybyUniversityofMichiganshowsthatwhypeoplevolunteer—notwhethertheyvolunteer—iswhatreallycounts.(研究表明，樂于奉獻(xiàn)的人壽命更長?，F(xiàn)在，密歇根大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，真正重要的是人們?yōu)槭裁匆鲋驹刚?，而不是他們是否做志愿?”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?yōu)槭裁醋栽福ㄗ鲋驹刚撸?、而不是是否做志愿者，才是真正重要的東西；第二段“Forthestudy,Konrathandcolleaguesanalyzeddatacollectedin2008and2012aimingatthesamerandomsamplesof3,376people.Overall,theyfoundthatjust2.3percentofthosewhoonceworkedasvolunteershaddied,comparedto4.3percentofnon-volunteers.Theyfurtherfoundthathowmuchpeoplevolunteeredmatteredaswell—only1.8percentofregularvolunteersdied,comparedwith2.5percentofoccasionalvolunteers.(在這項(xiàng)研究中，康拉斯和他的同事分析了2008年和2012年收集的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)是針對(duì)3376人的隨機(jī)樣本。總的來說，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，曾經(jīng)做過志愿者的人中，只有2.3%的人去世了，而非志愿者的這一比例為4.3%。他們進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)，志愿者的數(shù)量也很重要——只有1.8%的定期志愿者死亡，而臨時(shí)志愿者的死亡率為2.5%)”主要說明了志愿者比不做志愿的活得更長；第三段“Butwhatreallymadeadifferencewerepeople’smotivesforvolunteering.Theresearchersaskedpeopletoratehowimportanttheyfoundvariousreasonsforvolunteering,andtheyfoundthatthemoreimportantpeopleratedreasonssuchasfeelingpityforpeopleinneed,themorelikelytheyweretobealive.Thosewhoratedmotivesrelatedtopersonalbenefitasmoreimportantweremorelikelytohavedied,andjustaslikelytodieasthosewhodidn’tvolunteeratall.Thesereasonsincludedvolunteeringbecausetheyenjoyedthesocialcontact,toescapetheirownproblems,ortoexploretheirownstrengths.(但真正起作用的是人們志愿服務(wù)的動(dòng)機(jī)。研究人員讓人們對(duì)他們認(rèn)為的各種志愿活動(dòng)原因的重要性進(jìn)行打分，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些認(rèn)為對(duì)有需要的人感到同情等原因越重要的人，他們活下來的可能性就越大。那些認(rèn)為與個(gè)人利益相關(guān)的動(dòng)機(jī)更重要的人更有可能死亡，而且和那些根本不做志愿者的人一樣。這些原因包括志愿活動(dòng)是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g社會(huì)接觸，逃避自己的問題，或探索自己的優(yōu)勢(shì))”說明了人們志愿服務(wù)的動(dòng)機(jī)影響著死亡率，綜合這三段可知人們?yōu)槭裁醋鲋驹刚呤菍?duì)自己的健康有影響的。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Forthestudy,Konrathandcolleaguesanalyzeddatacollectedin2008and2012aimingatthesamerandomsamplesof3,376people.Overall,theyfoundthatjust2.3percentofthosewhoonceworkedasvolunteershaddied,comparedto4.3percentofnon-volunteers.Theyfurtherfoundthathowmuchpeoplevolunteeredmatteredaswell—only1.8percentofregularvolunteersdied,comparedwith2.5percentofoccasionalvolunteers.(在這項(xiàng)研究中，康拉斯和他的同事分析了2008年和2012年收集的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)是針對(duì)3376人的隨機(jī)樣本?？偟膩碚f，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，曾經(jīng)做過志愿者的人中，只有2.3%的人去世了，而非志愿者的這一比例為4.3%。他們進(jìn)一步發(fā)現(xiàn)，志愿者的數(shù)量也很重要——只有1.8%的定期志愿者死亡，而臨時(shí)志愿者的死亡率為2.5%)”提到研究人員分析了2008和2012年針對(duì)3376人的相同隨機(jī)樣本收集的數(shù)據(jù)，同時(shí)這一段也列舉了實(shí)驗(yàn)中的諸多數(shù)據(jù)，比如2.3%、4.3%等等，這就說明研究人員是通過統(tǒng)計(jì)分析數(shù)據(jù)來進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thosewhoratedmotivesrelatedtopersonalbenefitasmoreimportantweremorelikelytohavedied,andjustaslikelytodieasthosewhodidn’tvolunteeratall.(那些認(rèn)為與個(gè)人利益相關(guān)的動(dòng)機(jī)更重要的人更有可能死亡，而且和那些根本不做志愿者的人一樣)”可知，如果這個(gè)人的志愿服務(wù)的動(dòng)機(jī)是為了自己的利益，那么他的死亡率和那些不做志愿的人是一樣的，因此我們應(yīng)該選擇“為別人利益”的選項(xiàng)，因此C“幫助窮人”符合這一條件。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Konrathsaysthecurrentfindingssuggestitmaybeapoorideatoencouragepeopletovolunteerbecauseit’sgoodforthem.“Volunteeringisincreasinglybeingencouragedinschoolsandorganizations.Somegroupssaythatit’sokaytowantbenefitsforyourself,andencouragepeopletothinkofvolunteeringasanexchangeforpersonalinterests.Somegroupsemphasizethehealthbenefitsreceivedthroughvolunteering.”Konrathadded,“Ofcourse,it’sreasonableforvolunteerstoexpectbenefitsforthemselves.Butthepotentialhealthbenefitsofvolunteeringaresignificantlyreducedifself-benefitbecomesaperson’smainmotive.”(康拉斯說，目前的研究結(jié)果表明，鼓勵(lì)人們做志愿者可能不是一個(gè)好主意，因?yàn)檫@對(duì)他們有好處。“志愿服務(wù)在學(xué)校和組織中越來越受到鼓勵(lì)。一些團(tuán)體認(rèn)為，為自己謀取利益是可以的，并鼓勵(lì)人們將志愿服務(wù)視為個(gè)人利益的交換。一些團(tuán)體強(qiáng)調(diào)通過志愿服務(wù)獲得的健康益處?！笨道匮a(bǔ)充說：“當(dāng)然，志愿者期望自己得到好處是合理的。但如果一個(gè)人的主要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)是自我利益，那么志愿服務(wù)的潛在健康益處就會(huì)大大降低。”)”可知，最后一段主要講對(duì)當(dāng)前發(fā)現(xiàn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Gardeningmaybeoneofthemostrelaxinghobbiesyou’llfind,withtheexcitementofseeingsomethingyouhaveplantedactuallyturnintoaflower.Butifyou’vebeenholdingbackbecauseyoudon’thaveayard,thenyou’remissingoutalot.____16____Containergardeningisthemostobviouswaytoplantwhenyoudon’thaveatonofspace.Ifyoucangetacontainerregardlessofitssize,youcanhaveagarden.____17____Evenasmallpotwithabrightlycoloredflowerorbushygreenplantscangiveyourentrywayapopofcolor.____18____Growclimbingplantsonafenceorthepostsoveryourdoorwaytodecoratethesideofyourhome.Plentyofplantsarehappytogrowupinsteadofout,soyoucanhavesomegreenerywithoutatraditionalgarden.Haveanapartmentortownhouse?Thenconsideroutdoorwindowboxesthatyouaccessfrominside.____19____Andtheygiveyouplentyofoptionstoplantbrightbloomsorfreshherbswithinreach-plustheygiveyourhomesomeaddedappealatthesametime.There’sprobablystilloneroomwhereyouhaven’tthoughtofputtingsomeplants:Yourbathroom.Evenifyoursdoesn’tgetmuchlight,awall-mountedgardencanstillgrowwell____20____Theywillgiveyourbathroomamorenatural,earthyfeel.A.Theserequire,nogroundspaceatall.B.Whenplantsgetenoughsunlight,theygrowbetter.C.Ifyou’rereallyshortofspace,thinkheightinstead.D.Theycanaddsomegreentotheinsideofyourhome.E.Biggerpotsgiveyouspacetogrowseveraldifferentflowers.F.Infact,thereareplentyofeasywaystogetthejoyofgardening.G.Plantsthatdowellinshadyandwetenvironmentsarethebestchoice.〖答案〗16.F17.E18.C19.A20.G【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何進(jìn)行園藝提出了一些方法?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Gardeningmaybeoneofthemostrelaxinghobbiesyou’llfind,withtheexcitementofseeingsomethingyouhaveplantedactuallyturnintoaflower.Butifyou’vebeenholdingbackbecauseyoudon’thaveayard,thenyou’remissingoutalot.(園藝可能是你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的最放松的愛好之一，看到你種的東西實(shí)際上變成了一朵花，你會(huì)感到興奮。但如果你因?yàn)闆]有院子而退縮，那么你就錯(cuò)過了很多)”結(jié)合后文主要關(guān)于園藝的建議，故F選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，有很多簡單的方法可以獲得園藝的樂趣”符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Containergardeningisthemostobviouswaytoplantwhenyoudon’thaveatonofspace.Ifyoucangetacontainerregardlessofitssize,youcanhaveagarden.(當(dāng)你沒有足夠的空間時(shí)，容器園藝是最明顯的種植方式。如果你能得到一個(gè)容器，不管它的大小，你就可以擁有一個(gè)花園)”可知，本句主要針對(duì)上文提到的容器進(jìn)行說明。故E選項(xiàng)“更大的花盆給你空間種植幾種不同的花”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Growclimbingplantsonafenceorthepostsoveryourdoorwaytodecoratethesideofyourhome.Plentyofplantsarehappytogrowupinsteadofout,soyoucanhavesomegreenerywithoutatraditionalgarden.(在門口的柵欄或柱子上種植攀緣植物來裝飾你家的一面。很多植物都很樂意向上生長而不是長出來，所以你可以在沒有傳統(tǒng)花園的情況下?lián)碛幸恍┚G色植物)”可知，在門口的柵欄或柱子上種植，即從高度空間來種植。故C選項(xiàng)“如果你真的缺少空間，那就考慮一下高度吧”符合語境，故選C?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Haveanapartmentortownhouse?Thenconsideroutdoorwindowboxesthatyouaccessfrominside.(你有公寓或聯(lián)排別墅嗎？然后考慮從室內(nèi)進(jìn)入的室外窗框)”可知，上文提到考慮從室內(nèi)進(jìn)入的室外窗框來種植，本句主要針對(duì)這一做法進(jìn)行說明：不需要地面空間。故A選項(xiàng)“這些根本不需要地面空間”符合語境，故選A?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Evenifyoursdoesn’tgetmuchlight,awall-mountedgardencanstillgrowwell.(即使你的花園沒有足夠的光線，壁掛式花園仍然可以很好地生長)”以及后文“Theywillgiveyourbathroomamorenatural,earthyfeel.(它們會(huì)給你的浴室?guī)硪环N更自然、更樸實(shí)的感覺)”可知，沒有足夠的光線，可以選擇在陰涼潮濕的環(huán)境中生長良好的植物。故G選項(xiàng)“在陰涼潮濕的環(huán)境中生長良好的植物是最好的選擇”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Inmanyways,GitanjaliRaoisanordinary11-year-old,livelyandchatty,yetherscientificspiritmakesahugedifference.Lastmonth,she_____21_____thetopprizeattheDiscoveryEducation3MYoungScientistChallengeforherinvention.What_____22_____Gitanjali’sworkwasthathercityfacedawateremergencywithtoomuchleadinitswater.“Theideadidn’t_____23_____tomeuntilIsawmyparentstrytodowatertests.Theteststripsmayshowinaccurateresults,whichweren’tvery_____24_____.”Sherecalls.Shethensearchedforsuitablematerialswithcontinuedeffortsand_____25_____foundthatcarbonnanotube(納米管)sensorscanbeusedtosensechemicals.Gitanjali_____26_____tobuildasmallbluehousingusingthe3-Dprinteratherschoolwithcomputerchipsandabatteryinside.Afreeapp,whichGitanjalidesignedunder_____27_____fromhercomputerscienceteacher,givesinstant_____28_____andsendsthedatatoalinkedphonethroughanattacheddevice.Theprocessofdesigningherprojectwasn’talways_____29_____,though.KathleenShafer,ascientistpairedwithGitanjaliasherteacherinsummer,_______30_______alongtheway.Intheawardceremony,Gitanjalialso_______31_______herparentswithconstantsupportand_______32_______totry“crazyideas”.Gitanjalireceived$25,000tofurtherdevelopherprogramalongwiththegreat_______33_______ofwinningthecontest.AccordingtoShafer,who_______34_______Gitanjali,“sheshowsalotofmotivationtosolve_______35_______issuesthroughscience”.21.A.earnedB.designedC.offeredD.made22.A.exposed B.improved C.defined D.inspired23.A.stick B.belong C.occur D.apply24.A.simple B.reliable C.predictable D.creative25.A.initially B.immediately C.temporarily D.eventually26.A.managed B.promised C.pretended D.happened27.A.observation B.command C.instruction D.control28.A.access B.results C.decisions D.approval29.A.optional B.complete C.continuous D.smooth30.A.changed B.riske