【暑假專供】小學(xué)英語(yǔ)四升五暑假講義：專題六 - 祈使句 譯林版三起

暑期專題六----祈使句精講精練定義：祈使句經(jīng)常是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人對(duì)對(duì)方的勸告、囑咐、懇求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，但依據(jù)其句意，實(shí)際上是省略了主語(yǔ)you。在表達(dá)懇求或勸告時(shí)，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的語(yǔ)氣更加緩和或客氣。祈使句一般沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，也不能與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。用法：1.表懇求Passmethesugar,please.請(qǐng)把糖遞給我。2.表命令Putupyourhands.舉手。3.表建議Let’shavedinnertogether.我們共進(jìn)晚餐吧。4.表邀請(qǐng)Comeinandhaveaseat.進(jìn)來(lái)請(qǐng)坐。5.表警告Hurryuporyouwillbelate.抓緊點(diǎn)，不然你要遲到了。6.表禁止Don’tplayontheroad.不要在大路上玩耍。7.表囑咐Besuretogettherebeforenine.務(wù)必在九點(diǎn)前趕到那里。分類：祈使句的確定句式1.行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分。例如：Makesentencesafterthemodel.依據(jù)例句造句。2.Be動(dòng)詞＋其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等)。例如：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.過(guò)大路時(shí)要當(dāng)心。3.Let＋賓語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分。例如：Lethimgobacknow.讓他現(xiàn)在回去吧。祈使句的否定句式1.在祈使句的確定句式前加Don’t，構(gòu)成Don’t＋行為動(dòng)詞原形＋其它成分。例如：Don’tsaythatagain!別再那樣說(shuō)了！2.在Be動(dòng)詞引起的確定祈使句前加Don’t，構(gòu)成Don’tbe＋其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等)。例如：Don’tbecareless.不要馬虎。留意：在這種句型中be不能省略；否定副詞not不行置于be之后。3.Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有兩種：(1)Let開(kāi)頭的祈使句，假如后面跟第一、第三人稱名詞或代詞的賓格，可在Let前加Don’t，也可在Let后賓(2)假如以Let’s開(kāi)頭的祈使句，必需在Let’s后加not。例如：Don’tletmegowithhertomorrow.＝Letmenotgowithhertomorrow.不要讓我明天跟她一起去。Let’snottellherthetruthwheneverwemeether.無(wú)論什么時(shí)候我們遇到她，都不要告知她真相。4.在公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中，否定祈使句常用No＋名詞/V-ing形式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示禁止做某事。例如：NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照！拓展：A.祈使句的反意問(wèn)句1.祈使句為確定句式，其反意疑問(wèn)句表示懇求時(shí)，通常用willyou；2.祈使句為否定句式，其反意疑問(wèn)句通常只用willyou。例如：Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?不要在會(huì)議室抽煙，好嗎？3.Let開(kāi)頭的祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，除Let’s用shallwe外，其它均用willyou。例如：Lettheboygofirst,willyou?讓個(gè)那男孩先走，好嗎？Let’stakeawalkaftersupper,shallwe?晚飯后我們?nèi)ラe逛?????，好嗎？B.祈使句的回答1.祈使句的動(dòng)作通常是表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以回答祈使句時(shí)，一般用will或won’t。2.在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時(shí)，要留意兩點(diǎn)：一是形式全都，即Yes與will保持全都；No與won’t保持全都。祈使句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、單選題()1.Herdoctorsaid:“________worksohard”A.StopB.Don’tC.Can’tD.No()2.Jack,________tobehereat8o’clockA.issureB.issurethatC.willbesureD.besure()3.________whenyoucrosstheroad.A.DocareB.CareC.BecarefulD.Tobecareful()4.________himthesecret.A.Don’ttellB.NottotellC.NottellingD.Notelling()5.________inbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.A.NottoreadB.Don’treadC.Don’ttoreadD.Notread()6.________Yourchild.We’lllookafterhim.A.NottoworryaboutB.Don’tworryaboutC.NotworryforD.Don’tworrywith()7.Youareverytired.________arest.A.Nothave B.Donothave C.Behave D.Have()8_____inthestreet.It’sdangerous.A.Notplay B.Nottoplay C.Don’tplay D.Don’ttoplay()9______tellalie.A.Be B.Not C.No D.Don’t()10.Please________lookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.A.not B.don’t C.aren’t D.can’t()11.Please______mesomemoney.A.lend B.lending C.tolend D.belend()12.______gotothebookshop.A.Let’s B.Don’tletthey C.Letwe D.Noletme()13.Whenyouwatchafilm,please________.A.quiet B.bequiet C.bequietly D.quietly()14._____theboxes.Youmayusethemlater.A.Keep B.Keeping C.Tokeep D.Kept()15.____upearlytomorrow!A.Getting B.Get C.Toget D.Got二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.________(not)speakwithyourmouthfulloffoodand_________(be)polite.2.Let’s_________(notsay)anythingaboutit.3.Thereisasign.Itsays“No____________(litter).”4.Lookattheposter!Itsays“No________(camera).”5.Thesignmeans“No_________(park)here.”6.Bobby,_______(notbe)lateforschoolagain.7.Lily__________(notbe)sadforthis.8.______(Be)quiet,boysandgirls.9.Lether________(notmake)anynoise(噪音).10.Let_______(him)________(have)agoodrest.11.______(Put)onyourcoat,Tom.12.Let’sgoswimming,__________________?13.Letusgooutforawalk,_________________?14.----Don’tbelateforschoolagain.----OK,I________.15.Whatagoodtimewehad_________(play)footballinthestreet.祈使句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、