湖北省部分市州2023-2024學年高一下學期期末教學質量監(jiān)測英語試題

湖北省部分市州2024年春季高一年級期末教學質量監(jiān)測英語注意事項：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準考證號、考場號、座位號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區(qū)域內。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結束后，請將答題卡上交。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanpayattentiontoabouttheputer?A.Itsprice.B.Itsfunction.C.Itsmodel.2.Wherewillthespeakersgo?A.Theiroffice.B.Arestaurant.C.Thecitypark.3.Howoldisthemannow?A.15.B.20.C.25.4.Whatruinedthepicnic?A.Thebadfood.B.Theterribleweather.C.Theroughmountainroad.5.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Customerandwaitress.C.Teacherandstudent.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時問閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.HowlongwillTombeawayfromschool?A.oneweek.B.twoweeks.C.sixweeks.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.SendingTomacard.B.VisitingTomathishouse.C.HelpingTomwithhisschoolwork.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatisthenormalbaggageallowance(限額)forthisflight?A.20kg.B.21kg.C.40kg.9.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Takethegolfclubsout.B.Putthingsintosmallerbottles.C.Payextramoneyforhisbaggage.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.WhichshowsthatJanetmaybesick?A.Shesleptallday.B.Shekeptcrying.C.Shekickedallthetime.11.WhatdoesMrsSmithsuggest?A.Gotothehospital.B.Callthedoctor.C.Feedthebabyatonce.12.Whichwordbestdescribesthehusband'sreactionthroughouttheconversation?A.Scared.B.Careful.C.Calm.13.Whatcanbelearnedfromtheconversation?A.ThecoupledisagreedonwhattodowithJanet.B.Janetmighthavepickedupavirusfromatriptothehospital.C.ThecoupleshouldhavetakenJanettothehospitalearlier.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdaywasityesterday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.15.Whywasthewomanlateforwork?A.Therewasaheavytraffic.B.Shewasstoppedbyapoliceman.C.Therewassomethingwrongwithhercar.16.Whathadherchildrendonetothedog?A.Theyhadhurtthedog.B.Theyhadgiventhedogabath.C.Theyhadcoveredthedogwithfeathers.17.Whatwastheworstthingyesterday?A.Sheforgotinvitingherbossandhiswifeover.B.Shehadforgottentocookdinnerforherhusband.C.Herbossandhiswifecalledonherunexpectedly.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whofirstmadethenickname“TheBigEasy”popularintheearly1970s?A.Anewspaperwriter.B.Acrimenovelwriter.C.Amusician.19.WhatisthewayoflifeinNewYorkCity?A.Gentleandslow.B.Easygoing.C.Fastandbusy.20.WhyisNewOrleanscalled“MardiGrasCity”?A.Foritsyearlymusicfestival.B.Foritscelebrationsandparades.C.Fortheshortwayofitsname.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheatrefansareinforatreat!Sitbackandcatchtheseplays,edyacts,musicalsandtheatreshowsinSingapore.MacbethbytheHandlebards824March2024ThisisMaebethlikeyou'veneverseenbefore.GetridofthetragedyandembracelaughterwithHandleBard'sallfemaleMacbethproduction.Expectmusic.multiplecostumechangesandahilarious(滑稽的)adaptationbyShakespeareanactors.What'smore,toreducetouringemissions,they'lltravelbytrain,busandtaxiduringtheirAsiatouracrossSingapore,ThailandandMalaysia.Sweet!Falling23March2024ReadythetissuesforthehearttuggingFalling—whereordinarymeetsextraordinaryinthedisorderlyworld.TamiandBillfitintotheupsanddownsofparentingtheirchildren:Lisa,ananxiousteenager,andJosh,anautistic(自閉癥的)18yearold.Don'tmissthesorrowfultalethatexploresthehighs,lows,andeverythinginbetweenofamisunderstoodandresilient(有適應力的)family.LeBalDeParis217March2024Immerse(浸潤)yourselfinthemagicofBlancaLi'sfantasticvirtualrealityball,livefromParis.Adèleisback,andherhomeingpartyisabouttotakeasurprisingturnthankstoamysteriousguest.Pierre.Bebothanaudianceandastarasyoustarta90minutejourney,with35minutesinafantasticalvirtualworld.Interactwithrealdancers,dancetotherhythm,andwitnesstheperfecttransitionfromthevirtualtothereal—allinthespiritofacharmingParisianball.makingitsospecial.Secondary:TheMusical1928April2024TakearollercoasterridethroughthehallsofaSingaporeschoolwithSecondary:TheMusical.FollowthehilariousandheartwarmingjourneyofLilin,ayoungteacher,andherresilientteenagersMing,Omar,andReyanshastheydealwithexams,challenges,andthesearchforrecognition.1.WhichissuitableforaShakespeareanfanonMarch23?A.MacbethbytheHandlebards. B.Falling.C.LeBalDeParis. D.Secondary:TheMusical.2.WhyisLeBalDeParisunique?A.Ithasanunexpectedturn. B.Itoffersaninteractiveexperience.CItisbasedonafamousadaptation. D.Itbringsaudiencelaughterandtears.3.WhatdoFallingandSecondary:TheMusicalhaveinmon?A.Theirtargetaudiencesareparents. B.Theyareabouttheteenagers'life.C.Theyaresetinanadventurousjourney. D.Themaincharactersendupassuccesses.【答案】1A2.B3.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了在新加坡即將上演的幾部戲劇和劇場作品，適合不同觀眾的口味?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MacbethbytheHandlebards824March2024”部分的“ThisisMaebethlikeyou'veneverseenbefore.GetridofthetragedyandembracelaughterwithHandleBard'sallfemaleMacbethproduction.Expectmusic.multiplecostumechangesandahilarious(滑稽的)adaptationbyShakespeareanactors.(這是你從未見過的麥克白。擺脫悲劇，與HandleBard全女性陣容的《麥克白》一起擁抱歡笑。期待音樂。多種服裝變化和莎士比亞劇演員的搞笑改編)”可知，MacbethbytheHandlebards是對莎士比亞的《麥克白》的一種全新改編，適合喜歡莎士比亞作品的觀眾，3月23日正好符合3月8至24日的演出時間，故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“LeBalDeParis”部分的“Bebothanaudianceandastarasyoustarta90minutejourney,with35minutesinafantasticalvirtualworld.Interactwithrealdancers,dancetotherhythm,andwitnesstheperfecttransitionfromthevirtualtothereal—allinthespiritofacharmingParisianball.makingitsospecial(既是觀眾又是明星，開始一段90分鐘的旅程，其中35分鐘在一個奇幻的虛擬世界中。與真實的舞者互動，隨著節(jié)奏起舞，見證從虛擬到現(xiàn)實的完美過渡——這一切都是在巴黎風情舞會的精神下進行的，使其如此特別)”可知，LeBalDeParis提供了一種獨特的互動體驗，觀眾可以在虛擬世界中與真實的舞者互動，并見證虛擬與現(xiàn)實的完美過渡，這是它的獨特之處。故選B。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Falling”部分的“ReadythetissuesforthehearttuggingFalling—whereordinarymeetsextraordinaryinthedisorderlyworld.TamiandBillfitintotheupsanddownsofparentingtheirchildren:Lisa,ananxiousteenager,andJosh,anautistic(自閉癥的)18yearold.Don'tmissthesorrowfultalethatexploresthehighs,lows,andeverythinginbetweenofamisunderstoodandresilient(有適應力的)family(準備好紙巾，迎接讓人心碎的《墜落》——在這個混亂的世界里，平凡與非凡相遇。塔米和比爾在養(yǎng)育他們的孩子方面經(jīng)歷了起伏：麗莎，一個焦慮的青少年，還有喬什，一個18歲的自閉癥患者。不要錯過這個悲傷的故事，它探索了一個被誤解卻具有適應力的家庭的喜悅、低谷和一切之間的故事)”以及“Secondary:TheMusical”部分的“FollowthehilariousandheartwarmingjourneyofLilin,ayoungteacher,andherresilientteenagersMing,Omar,andReyanshastheydealwithexams,challenges,andthesearchforrecognition(跟隨年輕教師麗琳以及她那些堅韌的青少年學生明、奧馬爾和雷揚什的歡樂而溫馨的旅程，他們將面對考試、挑戰(zhàn)以及對認可的追求)”可知，F(xiàn)alling和Secondary:TheMusical都是關于青少年生活的故事，因此它們的共同點是它們都是關于青少年的生活。故選B。BAnold,wisemanwhogrewsickerfelthisjourneyonEarthwasingtoanend.However,hissonwasstillayoungmanandhadyettoreachhisfullpotential.Andsothefathertookituponhimselftoteachhissonthewaysoftheworld.Theoldmanhandedtheyoungmanawatch,afamilyheirloom(傳家寶)passeddownforgenerations.“Askthejewelerhowmuchit'sworth.Butdon'tacceptanyoffer.Instead,ebackhomewiththewatch.”Theboydidashewasinstructed.ThejewelersaiditwasonlyworthS100ashe'dhaveahardtimefindingabuyer.“Okay,”thefathersaid.“Thentakethewatchtothepawnshop(當鋪).Seehowmuchyoucangetforthewatch.”Inhismind,theboydisagreed.Buthedidn'twanttoarguewithhisfatherinpoorhealthsohedidthejobanyway.Heevenwentaboveandbeyondtoseetwofriendsworkinginpawnshopsonlytobetoldthewatchhadscratches,whichevenhedidn'tnoticeaftercarryingitallday.Thefatherpausedforamomentandsaid,“Iwantyoutogotothemuseumthistime.There'sawomanIwantyoutotalkto.Isensethispersonwillknowbetterwhatthiswatchisreallyworth.”Aftermeetinghisfather'sfriend,heranbackhometotellhisoldmanthegoodnews,“Youwon'tbelieveit!Wefinallygotanamazingoffer.Shesaidsheneverthoughtshe'dseeoneinperson.Themuseumwouldliketobuyitfor$35.000!Ihaven'trealizedIwasholdingontosomethingthatvaluable.”Hisdadsaid.“What'smoreimportanttomeisthatyoulearnedsomethingaboutvalueandselfworth.Yousee—justlikethatwatch—youtoohavevalue.Andifyougotothewrongplaces,you'llneverknowjusthowmuchvalueyouhave.Evenyourownfriendscangetitwrong.Butthere'salwaysaplaceyoucangotowhereeveryonewillseeyourrealvalue.”4.Whywastheboytoldhiswatchwasscratched?A.Hewastoocareless. B.Hewasn'ttakenseriously.C.Hemightnotgetaproperprice. D.Hisfriendswerenottheshopowner.5.Howdidhefeelafterthetriptothemuseum?ADefeated. B.Calm. C.Angry. D.Excited.6.Whatwastheoldmanlike?A.Patientandwise. B.Determinedbutstubborn.C.Generousbutstrict. D.Thoughtfulbutdemanding.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Don'tputthecartbeforethehorse.B.Don'tjudgesomethingfromitsappearance.C.Believeinyourselfuntilsomeonediscoversyourvalue.D.Whateveryoudon'tlikedonetoyourself,don'tdoittoothers.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文，講述一位生病的老人通過讓兒子帶著傳家寶手表去不同地方估價，來教導兒子關于價值和自我價值的道理?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Thentakethewatchtothepawnshop(當鋪).Seehowmuchyoucangetforthewatch.”Inhismind,theboydisagreed.Buthedidn'twanttoarguewithhisfatherinpoorhealthsohedidthejobanyway.Heevenwentaboveandbeyondtoseetwofriendsworkinginpawnshopsonlytobetoldthewatchhadscratches,whichevenhedidn'tnoticeaftercarryingitallday.(“那就把表拿到當鋪去?？纯茨隳苣枚嗌佟！蹦泻⑿睦锊煌?，但他不想和生病的父親爭論，所以他還是去了。他甚至多走了一段路，去見兩個在當鋪工作的朋友，結果被告知手表有劃痕，這連他自己都沒注意到，盡管他整天都帶著它。)”可知，男孩的父親要求男孩去當鋪看看表值多少錢，在當鋪工作的朋友告知男孩手表有劃痕，再結合下文博物館給出的高價可知，男孩被告知手表有劃痕的原因是因為他可能得不到一個合適的價格。故選C項。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Aftermeetinghisfather'sfriend,heranbackhometotellhisoldmanthegoodnews,“Youwon'tbelieveit!Wefinallygotanamazingoffer.Shesaidsheneverthoughtshe'dseeoneinperson.Themuseumwouldliketobuyitfor$35.000!Ihaven'trealizedIwasholdingontosomethingthatvaluable.”(在見到他父親的朋友后，他跑回家告訴他老爸這個好消息：“你簡直不會相信！我們終于得到了一個驚人的報價。她說她從未想過會親眼見到一件。博物館愿意出價35000美元購買它！我還沒意識到我手里握著的東西這么有價值?！?”可知，男孩去博物館之后感到很興奮。故選D項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theoldmanhandedtheyoungmanawatch,afamilyheirloom(傳家寶)passeddownforgenerations.“Askthejewelerhowmuchit'sworth.Butdon'tacceptanyoffer.Instead,ebackhomewiththewatch.”(老人遞給年輕人一只手表，這是一件世代相傳的傳家寶?！皢枂栔閷毶趟刀嗌馘X。但不要接受任何報價。相反，帶著手表回家。”)”、第三段““Okay,”thefathersaid.“Thentakethewatchtothepawnshop(當鋪)(“好吧，”父親說。“那就把手表拿到當鋪去?！?”、第四段“Iwantyoutogotothemuseumthistime(我這次想讓你去博物館)”以及最后一段“What'smoreimportanttomeisthatyoulearnedsomethingaboutvalueandselfworth(對我來說更重要的是，你學到了關于價值和自我價值的東西)”可知，老人為了讓兒子懂得價值和自我價值，很耐心地讓兒子去不同的地方了解手表的價格，可推理出老人是很有耐心的。根據(jù)最后一段“Butthere'salwaysaplaceyoucangotowhereeveryonewillseeyourrealvalue.(但總有一個你可以去的地方，在那里每個人都會看到你真正的價值。)”可以推斷出，這個老人是智慧的。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Butthere'salwaysaplaceyoucangotowhereeveryonewillseeyourrealvalue.(但總有一個你可以去的地方，在那里每個人都會看到你真正的價值。)”可知，我們從這個故事中學到的是相信自己，直到有人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的價值。故選C項。CWhenyouthinkofthemostinnovative(創(chuàng)新的)organisations,chancesarethatyourmindwillimmediatelygotoApple,Google,orperhapsOpenAI,thepanybehindChatGPTthatisleadingtheAIrevolution.Butthereisoneotherorganisationdoingexceptionalwork:TransportforLondon(TfL),atubeconstantlytestingoutnewtechnologiesforLondon'stransportationexperience.WillesdenGreen,asuburbanstationinNorthWestLondonwasjusttransformedintoa“smart”station.WhatTfLdidwastaketheCCTV(閉路電視)camerasandplugthemintoanAIimagerecognitionsystem—whichturnedwhatpreviouslyhadbeenordinaryvideorecordingsintointelligentcameras,capableofidentifyingwhatwashappeninginsidethestation.TfLisatthecuttingedgeandsignificantlyeasedtheworkloadofTubestaff.Forexample,thesystemdetectedfallenpassengers,warningstaffviaiPadstoassistthem.Italsospottedpeoplestandingtooclosetotheplatformedge,remindingstaffofpotentialdanger.Forirresponsiblebehavior,staffcouldmakeannouncements.Thecamerasalsoidentifiedwheelchairusersandthosewaitingtoolong,allowingstafftoofferassistance.TfL'sforwardthinkingapproachinembracingtechnologyispraiseworthy,improvingpublicsafetyandprovidingamoresmoothtravelexperienceinLondon.Thehighlightofthissystemisitsabilitytodetectunwantedbehavior.TheAIcamerasaredesignedtoidentifypotentialthreatslikeknives,guns,andticketbarrierviolators(違反者).However,I'mparticularlyimpressedwithhowitrecognizes“aggressivebehavior”.Thisishardtodo,becausedescribingtoaputerwhatthatlookslikeistricky.Instead,TfLprogrammedthesystemtowarnstaffifanyoneinthestationraisesbothoftheirarmsatthesametime,asthisisagestureoftenconnectedwiththreateningbehavior.However,itisn'twithoutcontroversy(爭議)—itdoescauseunfortablenessfromacivilliberties.TheproblemwithAIidentifyingimagesmeansthatitcouldjustaseasilyspotflagsorpoliticalsymbols,forexample.Andyoucanimaginehowitcouldbeusedtocloselymonitorstaffinanunpleasantway.8.WhyareApple,Google,andOpenAImentionedinparagraph1?A.Toparetheirstrengths. B.Tostressthetube'sinnovation.C.Toshowthepopularityofthetube. D.Tosharethetravelexperience.9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.HowpopularAIisbeinginTfl. B.WhatAIdoestodetectpassengersinTfl.C.HowAIreducesworkburdeninTfl. D.WhyAIisinfluencingTILsomuch.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tricky”inParagraph4mean?A.Challenging. B.Easy. C.Unachievable. D.Perfect.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.IsitworthytoapplyAItoTfL? B.AIdoesmoregoodthanharm.C.TILisbeingsaferandsafer. D.TЛLissmarterwithAI.【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章首先提及一些知名的創(chuàng)新組織，引出倫敦交通局（TfL）在創(chuàng)新方面的出色表現(xiàn)。介紹了TfL將倫敦西北郊區(qū)的威爾斯登格林地鐵站改造成“智能”站，通過將CCTV攝像機接入AI圖像識別系統(tǒng)，減輕了工作人員的工作量，能檢測各種情況并提供幫助。該系統(tǒng)的亮點是能檢測不良行為，還提到了TfL這一做法存在爭議，比如可能會引發(fā)公民自由方面的擔憂?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenyouthinkofthemostinnovative(創(chuàng)新的)organisations,chancesarethatyourmindwillimmediatelygotoApple,Google,orperhapsOpenAI,thepanybehindChatGPTthatisleadingtheAIrevolution.Butthereisoneotherorganisationdoingexceptionalwork:TransportforLondon(TfL),atubeconstantlytestingoutnewtechnologiesforLondon'stransportationexperience.(當你想到最具創(chuàng)新性的組織時，你可能會立刻想到蘋果、谷歌，或者可能是ChatGPT背后的公司OpenAI，它正在引領人工智能革命。但還有一家組織也在做著杰出的工作：倫敦交通局(TfL)，一個不斷測試新技術以改善倫敦交通體驗的地鐵系統(tǒng)。)”可知，第一段提到蘋果、谷歌和OpenAI是為了強調地鐵的創(chuàng)新。故選B項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“TfLisatthecuttingedgeandsignificantlyeasedtheworkloadofTubestaff.Forexample,thesystemdetectedfallenpassengers,warningstaffviaiPadstoassistthem.Italsospottedpeoplestandingtooclosetotheplatformedge,remindingstaffofpotentialdanger.Forirresponsiblebehavior,staffcouldmakeannouncements.Thecamerasalsoidentifiedwheelchairusersandthosewaitingtoolong,allowingstafftoofferassistance.TfL'sforwardthinkingapproachinembracingtechnologyispraiseworthy,improvingpublicsafetyandprovidingamoresmoothtravelexperienceinLondon.(TfL處于領先地位，大大減輕了地鐵工作人員的工作量。例如，該系統(tǒng)檢測到乘客摔倒，通過iPad提醒工作人員提供幫助。它還發(fā)現(xiàn)有人站得離站臺邊緣太近，提醒工作人員注意潛在的危險。對于不負責任的行為，員工可以發(fā)布公告。攝像頭還識別出輪椅使用者和等待時間過長的人，讓員工提供幫助。TfL在擁抱技術方面的前瞻性方法是值得稱贊的，它提高了公共安全，為倫敦提供了更順暢的旅行體驗。)”可知，本段主要講述了人工智能如何減輕TfL的工作負擔。故選C項。【10題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“However,I'mparticularlyimpressedwithhowitrecognizes“aggressivebehavior”.Thisishardtodo,becausedescribingtoaputerwhatthatlookslikeis….Instead,TfLprogrammedthesystemtowarnstaffifanyoneinthestationraisesbothoftheirarmsatthesametime,asthisisagestureoftenconnectedwiththreateningbehavior.(然而，我特別印象深刻的是它是如何識別“攻擊性行為”的。這很難做到，因為向計算機描述這種行為的樣子是……。相反，TfL對系統(tǒng)進行了編程，如果車站里有人同時舉起雙臂，就會警告工作人員，因為這通常是一種與威脅行為相關的姿勢。)”可推知，此處表示向計算機描述這種行為的樣子是有挑戰(zhàn)性的，即劃線詞意為“有挑戰(zhàn)性的”。故選A項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Butthereisoneotherorganisationdoingexceptionalwork:TransportforLondon(TfL),atubeconstantlytestingoutnewtechnologiesforLondon'stransportationexperience.(但還有一家組織也在做著杰出的工作：倫敦交通局(TfL)，一個不斷測試新技術以改善倫敦交通體驗的地鐵系統(tǒng)。)”結合文章介紹了倫敦交通局(TfL)利用人工智能來提高公共安全，為倫敦提供了更順暢的旅行體驗，以及人工智能在TfL中的作用。由此可知，D項“TЛLissmarterwithAI(有了AI，倫敦交通局變得更智能)”適合用作本文標題。故選D項。DHowmuchweenjoymusicmaypartlyedowntoourgenetic(基因的)makeup,accordingtoastudyofthousandsoftwins.Thepleasurepeoplegetfromatuneisconnectedtoitseffectsonouremotionalresponsesandabilitytoformsocialconnections.Thedegreeofenjoymentdiffersfrompersontoperson,butlittleisknownaboutwhy.Toinvestigatetheroleofgenetics,Bignardi,asycholinguisticexpertandhiscolleagueslookedatmorethan9000twinsintheresearch.About3400wereidentical(相同的)and5600nonidentical.Theformersharethesamegenome(基因組),whilenonidenticaltwinsshareonlyhalftheirgenomes,asisthecasewithanynontwinbiologicalsiblings.Allthetwinsinthestudy,between37and64years,wereraisedinthesamehouseholdsandsohadsimilarenvironmentswhilegrowingup.Thismadeiteasiertosortoutgeneticcontributions.TheresearchersfirstgotthetwinstopletetheBarcelonaMusicRewardQuestionnaire,whichfocusesonhowmuchpleasuretheygetfrommusic.Theteamthenanalysedtherelativecontributionsofgeneticsandenvironmenttomusicalenjoymentamongthetwins.Thisshowedthatgeneticsseemstoplayagreatroleininfluencinghowmuchpleasuremusicbrings,withtheidenticaltwinsbeingmorethantwiceassimilarinthischaracteristicasthenonidenticalones.Bignardiandhisteamalsotestedtheparticipants'abilitiestopickupbetweendifferentmelodies,rhythmsandtones,withpreviousresearchlinkinggeneticstomusicalability.Theyfoundthattheinfluencegeneticshasonenjoyingmusicisn'tnecessarilylinkedtomusicaltalent.Thestudyisinspiring,saysPeterattheUniversityofCambridge.“It'sevidentthatmusicalabilitymighthaveageneticbasis;itaccountsforwhysomepeopleseemtopossessagiftformusicthatenablesthemtodevelopamazingskillsfromayoungage.”However,itislessobviousthatthedegreeofpleasurefromlisteningtomusicisinfluencedbygenes,soitisinterestingthestudyfindsthiseffect,hesays.Theresultsaddanewpiecetothepuzzleofwhymusichassuchapowerfuleffectoncertainpeopleandopenupnewpossibilitiesforusinginterindividualdifferencestounderstandthebiologyofakeyaspectofhumanbehavior,astheresearchshows.12.Whatwasthemainpurposeofthestudyofthousandsoftwins?A.Toassessthetwins'musicalabilities.B.TotesttheBarcelonaMusicRewardQuestionnaire.C.Tounderstandtheinfluenceofgeneticsonmusicalpleasure.D.Topareidenticalandnonidenticaltwins’environments.13.Whyaretwinsraisedfromthesameenvironmentchosenintheresearch?A.Tofigureoutthecontributionsofgenetics. B.Toshowthebondofgeneandenvironment.C.Toanalyzegeneticeffectinmusicalabilities. D.Tointroducethebackgroundoftheresearch.14.What'sPeter'sattitudetotheresearch?A.Negative. B.Positive. C.Doubtful. D.Worried.15.Whichaspectoftheresearchcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Itsapplications. B.Itsconclusions. C.Itslimitations. D.Itsimportance.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項關于遺傳對音樂愉悅感影響的研究?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Howmuchweenjoymusicmaypartlyedowntoourgenetic(基因的)makeup,accordingtoastudyofthousandsoftwins(我們對音樂的喜好程度可能部分歸因于我們的基因構成，這是根據(jù)對成千上萬對雙胞胎的一項研究所得出的結論)”以及第二段“Toinvestigatetheroleofgenetics,Bignardi,apsycholinguisticexpertandhiscolleagueslookedatmorethan9000twinsintheresearch(為了研究遺傳學的作用，心理語言學專家Bignardi及其同事在這項研究中觀察了9000多對雙胞胎)”可知，研究的主旨是為了理解遺傳對音樂愉悅感的影響。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Allthetwinsinthestudy,between37and64years,wereraisedinthesamehouseholdsandsohadsimilarenvironmentswhilegrowingup.Thismadeiteasiertosortoutgeneticcontributions(研究中的所有雙胞胎，年齡在37至64歲之間，都在相同的家庭環(huán)境中長大，因此在成長過程中擁有相似的環(huán)境。這使得區(qū)分遺傳因素變得更加容易)”可知，選擇在相同環(huán)境中長大的雙胞胎的目的是為了弄清楚遺傳學的貢獻。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thestudyisinspiring,saysPeterattheUniversityofCambridge.“It'sevidentthatmusicalabilitymighthaveageneticbasis;itaccountsforwhysomepeopleseemtopossessagiftformusicthatenablesthemtodevelopamazingskillsfromayoungage.”However,itislessobviousthatthedegreeofpleasurefromlisteningtomusicisinfluencedbygenes,soitisinterestingthestudyfindsthiseffect,hesays.(劍橋大學的彼得說，這項研究令人振奮?！昂苊黠@，音樂能力可能有遺傳基礎；這解釋了為什么有些人似乎擁有音樂天賦，使他們能夠從小就培養(yǎng)出驚人的技能?！比欢瑥穆犚魳分蝎@得的愉悅程度受基因影響這一點不那么明顯，所以這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這種效應很有趣，他說)”可知，Peter對這項研究持積極態(tài)度。故選B?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theresultsaddanewpiecetothepuzzleofwhymusichassuchapowerfuleffectoncertainpeopleandopenupnewpossibilitiesforusinginterindividualdifferencestounderstandthebiologyofakeyaspectofhumanbehavior,astheresearchshows(研究結果表明，音樂對某些人產(chǎn)生強烈影響的原因又增加了一個新的線索，并為利用個體間的差異來理解人類行為的一個關鍵方面的生物學開辟了新的可能性)”可知，這一段討論了研究的應用前景。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Wanttolookforwardtoyourworkoutsinsteadofcountingdowntheminutesforthemtobeover?Readonfortipsonhowtoenjoyworkingout.____16____Lookingback,whatmademyfitnessroutineinmyyoungeryearsfunwasthatIdidmostactivitieswithdifferentfriendsortookclasseswheretherewasastrongsocialactivity.It'salwayseasiertogetinspiredandpushyourselfoutofyourfortzonewhenyou'renotalone.Findalikemindedpartnerandyourexercisewillbethatmucheasier.And,getcreative.____17____.RemovethePressureSettingsmallgoalshelpsremovepressurethataseeminglyunrealisticgoalmightcause.____18____.Considerputtingonyourshoesanddoing20jumpingjacks,ortakea10minutewalk.Settingsmall,acplishablegoalshelpsyoutobuildupgoodfeelingsaboutyourself,establishtrustwithyourself,andmakefailureimpossible.TreatYourselfAnotherthingthatcangetyououtforyourworkoutisknowingthatyouhavesomethingtolookforwardtowhenyoureturn.Onlyallowyourselftoearntherewardifyoupleteexercise.____19____.Picksomethingfunthatwillgetyoutolaceupandworkout.GetOutsideDoyourememberthefeelingofitching(渴望)togooutwhenyouwereakid?Recreatethatdrawwithyourworkout.Mostofusspendmostofourdayinside,soinsteadoftakingonanindoorworkout,exerciseoutdoorsforachangeofscenery—andadditionalphysicalandmentalbenefits.____20____.Depressionmaybelinkedtoseparationfromthenaturalworld.Gettingoutsideisacure,whichcanheal,releasestress,bringjoy,andrestoreyourspirits.Gettingsunlight,whichcontainsvitaminD,isalsoagoodmoodbooster.A.MakeItSocialB.DoWhatYouLoveC.Plus,itbooststhemoodD.Foroutdooractivities,yourpartnercanevenbeyourpetdogE.Especiallyifyou'rejuststartingoutonyourexercise,thegoalscanbereallysmallF.Thisconnectsworkoutwithhappinessandsatisfaction,contributingtoyourexerciseroutineG.Leavingsomethinglikecoffeetolookforwardtoalterexercisecanbeanextrainspirationduringyourworkout【答案】16.A17.D18.E19.G20.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了幾個提高健身運動趣味性的方法，包括與他人一起運動、設定小目標、給自己獎勵以及到戶外進行運動等。【16題詳解】根據(jù)本段內容“Lookingback,whatmademyfitnessroutineinmyyoungeryearsfunwasthatIdidmostactivitieswithdifferentfriendsortookclasseswheretherewasastrongsocialactivity.It'salwayseasiertogetinspiredandpushyourselfoutofyourfortzonewhenyou'renotalone.Findalikemindedpartnerandyourexercisewillbethatmucheasier.And,getcreative.(回想起來，我年輕時的健身計劃之所以有趣，是因為我和不同的朋友一起做了很多活動，或者參加了有很強的社交活動的課程。當你不是一個人的時候，總是更容易獲得靈感，把自己從舒適區(qū)推出去。找到一個志同道合的伙伴，你的鍛煉就會容易得多。而且，要有創(chuàng)意)”可知，接下來的內容提到了“與不同朋友一起進行活動或參加社交性強的課程”，因此，此選項作為段落的主題句，引出了下面的具體建議。故A選項“使其社交化”符合語境。故選A。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Findalikemindedpartnerandyourexercisewillbethatmucheasier.And,getcreative.(找到一個志同道合的伙伴，你的鍛煉就會容易得多。而且，要有創(chuàng)意)”可知，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文，舉例說明如何是有創(chuàng)意的做法。故D選項“對于戶外活動，你的伴侶甚至可以是你的寵物狗”符合語境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)標題“RemovethePressure(減輕壓力)”以及上文“Settingsmallgoalshelpsremovepressurethataseeminglyunrealisticgoalmightcause.(設定小目標有助于消除看似不切實際的目標可能帶來的壓力)”可知，上文提到了“設定小目標有助于消除任何壓力或不知所措的感覺”，推測本句與設定小目標以減輕壓力的建議相吻合。E選項“特別是如果你剛開始鍛煉，目標可以很小”符合語境。故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)標題“TreatYourself(自我獎勵)”以及上文“Onlyallowyourselftoearntherewardifyoupleteexercise.(只允許自己在完成鍛煉后獲得獎勵)”可知，上文提到了“只有在你完成鍛煉后才允許自己獲得獎勵”，推測本句與鍛煉后期待某種獎勵以激勵自己有關。G選項“在每次鍛煉前留下咖啡之類的東西，這可以給你的鍛煉帶來額外的靈感”符合語境。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Mostofusspendmostofourdayinside,soinsteadoftakingonanindoorworkout,exerciseoutdoorsforachangeofscenery—andadditionalphysicalandmentalbenefits.(我們大多數(shù)人一天中的大部分時間都在室內度過，所以與其在室內鍛煉，不如在室外鍛煉，換一換風景——這對身心都有好處)”以及后文“Depressionmaybelinkedtoseparationfromthenaturalworld.Gettingoutsideisacure,whichcanheal,releasestress,bringjoy,andrestoreyourspirits.Gettingsunlight,whichcontainsvitaminD,isalsoagoodmoodbooster.(抑郁癥可能與與自然世界的分離有關。外出是一種治療，它可以治愈，釋放壓力，帶來快樂，恢復你的精神。曬太陽，其中含有維生素D，也是一種很好的情緒助推器)”可知，這一段討論的是“戶外鍛煉”的好處，提到了“戶外活動對身心都有好處”這一優(yōu)勢，而且與后文最后兩句形成總分關系。C選項“另外，它能改善心情”符合語境。故選C。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Wanted:Violin.Can'tpaymuch.Call...WhydidInoticethat?I____21____,sinceIrarelylookedatadvertisements.IrememberedIwantedaviolinduringtheGreatDepression,whenmyfamily____22____tomakealiving.Yet,eventhoughtimesweretough,Icouldn'twaittoask____23____,“Daddy,mayIhaveaviolinofmyown?”Daddy'sfacelooked____24____.IheardhimremindGodinourfamilyprayers,“...andLord,Marywantsherownviolin.”Finally,DaddywrotealettertohisfriendMr.Finkle,afamousmusician,tolookforaviolinforme.Soonheinvitedustocheckthe____25____.“Mary,I'vebeenhearingthingsaboutyou.Yourdaddyhas____26____abigsurprise,whichI