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A1
WhoisthegreatestteacherinChinesehistory?Youcan'tthinkofanyoneelsewhenyouhearpeoplereadConfucius'2,500yearoldwords:"Allstudybutnothinkingmakespeoplepuzzled.Allthinkingbutnostudymakespeoplelazy."
September28thwasConfucius'birthday.HewasbornintheKingdomofLu,intoday'sShandongProvince.Hehadahardchildhood.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly3.Hismotherbroughthimup.Asachild,hehadtoworktohelphismother,butyoungConfuciusdidn'tgiveupstudying.Hevisitedmanyfamousteachersandlearnedmusic,history,poetryandsports.
Later,hebecameateacherandstartedthefirstpublicschoolinChinesehistory.Atthattime,onlychildrenfromrichfamiliescouldgotoschooliftheywantedtolearn.Hehadabout3,000studentsinhislifetime.
ChineselookuponConfuciusasthegreatestthinkerandalsothegreatestteacher.Formorethan2,500years,Confucius'ideashavebeenaroundinpeople'severydaylives.NowtheyhavegonefarintoWesterncountriesandSouthAsia.Peoplecanstillhearthemtoday.
Whyarehisideassopopular?Confucius'mostimportantideasarekindnessandgoodmanners.Confuciussaidyoungpeopleshouldtakecareoftheold.Akindpersonshouldcareforothers.Bestrictwithyourself,butbekindtoothers.Asagreatteacher,Confuciussaidthatallshouldgotoschooliftheywantedtolearn.Peopleusehisideastohelpthemselvesandsociety.Now,morethan100InternetwebsitesareteachingpeopleaboutConfuciusandhisideas.Theunderlinedword"them"inthefourthparagraphrefersto______.A.Confucius'ideas
B.Confucius'students
C.thegreatestthinkerandteacher
D.peopleinWesterncountriesandSouthAsiaB2
Youmayhaveseenthesespecialpersons.Theyaredisabledandtheyareinold,dirtyclothes.Theystand,sitorevenlieattheentranceofashoppingcentrewithdirtybowlsinfrontofthem,hopingthatotherpeoplecanthrowsomecoinsintotheirbowls.
Haveyoubeenaskedformoneybysomedisabledbeggarswhileyou?reenjoyingshopping?Doyouhaveanypityonthemwhoaresopoorandlonelyordoyoujustfeelafraidoftheirterribleshapes?Asoneofthemostspecialgroups,disabledpeople?slivingconditionsnotonlytheirmaterialconditions,butalsotheirmental(精神的)worldreallyneedimprovement.
Thetreatmentfordisabledpeopleshouldgolikethis:First,don?tlookdownuponthem.Don?tbeafraidoflookingattheterribleshapesofthedisabled.Trytotreatthemequally.Becausetheyareapartofthesociety,wecan?tdiscard(拋棄)them.Thesecondistohelpthemasmuchaswecould.Ifyoucanbeavolunteeranddosomeworkforthedisabledpeople,thatwouldbeverynice.Thatdoeshelpnotonlytothedisabledpeoplebutalsotoyourselfbecauseyouwillfeelgoodafteryourkindaction.
Ifeveryoneofusgivesalittlelove,theworldwillbeeabeautifulwonderland!Theunderlinedword"equally"means"
"inChinese.A.平等地 B.確切地 C.正確地 D.恰當(dāng)?shù)谻3
LaGomeraisoneofafewplacesintheworldwhichhasawhistled(口哨)language.Wedonotknowhowandwhyitbeganbecausewedonotknowthepletehistoryoftheisland.Butwecancertainlyimaginethereasonsforthebeginningofthewhistledlanguage.Therearemanydeepvalleysontheisland.Apersonononesideofavalleycannoteasilyshouttoapersonontheotherside.Buthecanwhistleandbeheard.Someofthebestwhistlerscanbeheardfromfourmilesawayandtherecordissevenmiles.Thepeoplewholiveontheislandusuallyhavegoodteeth,andthishelpsthemtowhistlewell.Theymustalsohavegoodearssothattheycanheartheotherwhistlers.
Wecanunderstandwhythewhistledlanguagecontinues.Itisveryusefulontheisland,andquiteeasytolearn.Whensomebodyishurtorill,thewhistledlanguagetakestheplaceofthetelephone.Ifthesickpersonisquitefarawayfromthetown,peoplepassthemessagefromonetoanother.Aboyguardingcattleonahillsidewhistlestoamanfishingfromhisboat.Thelastoneisabletodescribethetroublefullyandexactlytothedoctorintown.Peoplehelponeanotherinthesamewaywhenacarbreaksoracowislost.
Thewhistledlanguageishundredsofyearsold,andprobablyitwillcontinuetoliveonforhundredsofyearsmore.RadioandTVoftenkillthespecialwaysofspeakingindifferentpartsofacountry.ButonLaGomerayouarenobodyifyoucannotwhistle.PerhapssoonafterTVarrivesontheisland,thepeopletherewillbewhistlingthenewsandotherfactsandopinions.Theunderlinedword“nobody”inPara.3probablymeans____________.A.anunrealperson B.anunluckyperson
C.anunhappyperson D.anunknownpersonD4
ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendar(農(nóng)歷)dividesayearinto24solarterms(節(jié)氣).WinterSolstice(冬至)isthe22ndsolartermofayear,somedaybetweenDecember21andDecember23.
OnthedayofWinterSolstice,theNorthernhemisphere(北半球)experiencestheshortestdayandthelongestnightinayear.AndthesunshinesdirectlyattheTropicofCapricorn(南回歸線).Fromthenon,thedaysbeelongerandthenightsbeeshorter.
WinterSolsticeFestivalisalsocalledtheDongzhiFestival.ItisoneofthemostimportantfestivalsinChina.Traditionally,theDongzhiFestivalisalsoatimeforthefamilytogettogether.Ontheday,peopleindifferentplaceshavedifferentcustoms.
PeopleinthenorthofChinaofteneatdumplingsonDongzhi.Thereisasayingthatgoes"HavedumplingsonthefirstdayofWinterSolsticeandnoodlesonthefirstdayofSummerSolstice."Thereisalsoastoryabouteatingdumplings.ItissaidthatZhangZhongjingintheHandynastysawthepoorsufferfromchilblains(凍瘡)ontheirears.Hemadedumplingstohelpthepoortokeepwarm.Andthedumplingswereintheshapeofears.Sofromthattimeon,eatingdumplingsonthedaybecameatradition.
PeopleinmanyplacesofsouthernChinamakeandeattangyuanorballsofglutinousriceontheday,whichsymbolizereunion.Tangyuanaresometimesbrightlycolored,suchaspinkorgreen.Theyareoftencookedinasweetsoup.Theyarenotonlyeatenbythefamily,butalsosharedwithfriendsandrelativesasablessing.Besidestangyuan,muttonsoupandricecakearealsopopular.Theunderlinedword"reunion"means"______"inChinese.A.結(jié)合 B.團(tuán)聚 C.期望 D.夢想E5
Morethan3,000languagesareonthepointofextinctionandanAmericanpanyistryingtodosomethingaboutit.
Workingwithscholars,researchers,andlanguagemunities,thepanystartedtheEndangeredLanguagesProjectbackedbyaunioncalledtheAllianceforLinguisticDiversity.Throughtheprojectswebsite,peoplecanlearnabouttheworld'sendangeredlanguagesandseewhatkindofrecordisbeingcreatedtoprotectthem.
ThediverselanguagesrangefromNavajo,whichisspokenbyonly120,000peopleintheSouthwestU.S,toKoro,apreviouslyunknownlanguagethatwasrecordedinthenortheast
mountainsofIndia,andtoAragonese,whichisnowspokenbylessthan10,000peopleontheborderofFrenchandSpain.Aninteractivemaponthewebsiteshowsthatnearlyeverycountryintheworldhaslostlanguages,including83inGuatemala,149inMyanmar,and113inSudan.
HereisinformationthatthepanypostedonitsblogabouttheMiamiillinoislanguage:
TheMiamiillinoislanguagewasconsideredbysometobeextinct.OnceitwasspokenbyNativeAmericanmunitiesthroughoutwhat'snowtheAmericanMidwest,anditslastfluentspeakersdiedinthe1960s.Decadeslater,DarylBaldwin,acitizenoftheMiamiTribeofOklahoma,beganteachinghimselfthelanguagefromhistoricalmanuscripts(手稿)andnowworkswiththeMiamiUniversityinOhiotocontinuetheworkofreviving(重新使用)thelanguage,publishingstories,audiofiles,andothereducationalmaterials.Miamichildrenareonceagainlearningthelanguage,andevenmoreinspiring,teachingittoeachother.
AccordingtotheEndangeredLanguagesProject,only50percentoflanguagesspokentodaywillstillbearoundby2100.Thedisappearanceofalanguagemeansthelossofvaluable
scientificandculturalinformation,paredtothelossofaspecies.
Thepanyaimstobringintechnologytohelprecordandprotecttheselanguages.Onceitgetstheballrolling,itwillpassthetorchtolanguageexperts.WhichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinPara.2?A.Supported B.Discovered C.Questioned D.FoundF6
"ForaslongasIcanremember,momhasbeenamiddleagedwoman,butnoonetoldmesheusedtobeayounggirl."ThisisalinefromthefilmHi,Mom,aswellasthewaydirectorandstarJiaLingoncefeltaboutherownmother.
FirstshownonFeb12,thefilmisthedirectorialdebut(導(dǎo)演首秀)of39yearoldedianturnedfilmmakerJia.Ithasgottenahighscoreof8.1onthemovieratingwebsiteDouban.Manypeoplesaidtheyweretouchedbyitsraw(質(zhì)樸的)emotion.
ThefilmisbasedonthereallifestoryofJiaandhermother,showingherlonging(想念)andregretatfailingtoseehermotherbeforeshedied.Tomakethefilmmoreattractive,Jiamadeitatimetravelstory.Shegoesbackto1981andbeesfriendswithherownmom,LiHuanying.Sherisksgivingupherownlifeanddisappearingtomakesurethathermotherhasabetterfuture.
TheSpringFestivalholidayboxoffice(票房)tendstopreferfilms"withfamilythemeandalittlehurt",andHi,Momhas"hitalltherightnotes,"HollywoodReportermented.
Thefilmhasalsobeenpraisedforitsrealdescriptionoffemaleroles.
Inthemovie,Liismoreofayounggirlratherthanamother.AsJiasaysinthemovie,"Sheisnotonlymymom,butalsoherself."
Manywomenwhohelpedmakethefilm,includingJiaherself,helpedthemovie'sfemalerolesshineinwaysthathadnothingtodowiththeirlooks.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"hitalltherightnotes"
probablymean?A.Themovieisverysuccessfulbecausethestoryisfunny.
B.ThemoviewillbeshowninHollywood.
C.Manywomenhelpedmakethefilmandtherolesarehumorous.
D.Themovieispopularbecauseofthefamilythemeandsadfeelings.G7
Chinesepeopleareeatingtoomuchsalt.Onaverage,peopleinChinaeatabout10.5gramsofsalteachday,muchhigherthanthe6gramsremendedbyChineseDietaryGuidelines(2016).
Chinanowhasoneofthehighestsaltintakesintheworld.Tofix
this,ChinaworkedoutthefirstsaltreductionguideforitsfoodindustryonApril18,People'sDailyreported.
Iftheguideisfollowedproperly,theaveragesaltintakeforChinesepeoplewilldropby20percentby2030.Theguidecallsforfoodpaniestolowerthesaltcontentintheirproductsbyimprovetheirproductiontechniquesandadjusting(調(diào)整)tastes.
Thesaltwetakeinmainlyesfromprocessedfood.Forexample,a104gramcanofLay'sclassicpotatochipscontainsabout0.66gramsofsalt,whichaccountsforover10percentoftheremendeddailysaltintake.A100grambagofKangShiFuinstantnoodleshasnearly2gramsofsalt.
Asmallamountofsaltmakesfoodtastebetterandisimportantforgoodhealth,buteatingtoomuchincreasestheriskofhighbloodpressure,heartattacksandstrokes(中風(fēng)),theXinhuaNewsAgencyreported.
Lesssaltleadstobetterhealth.Andthere'snoneedtoworrythatfoodwillbelesstastyinthefuture.AstudybytheMonellChemicalSensesCenterintheUnitedStatesfoundthatit'seasyforpeopletoreducetheirsaltintake.Althoughyoumaythinkyourfoodisnotsaltyenoughatfirst,youtastebuds(味蕾)willgraduallygetusedtoitandyouwillfeelthatyourfoodtastesthesameasitdidbefore.
Hereareglobaleffortstocutsalt.Morethanhalfoftheworld'scountrieshavealreadytakenactiontoreducesaltconsumption(消費)amongtheircities,includingtheUK,FinlandandAustralia,ChinaNewsServicereported.Forexample,inNewYork,dinerswhoeatatchainrestaurantscanseewarningnexttomenuitemsthathavehighlevelsofsalt.InParagraph1,theword
thisreferto______.A.Chineseeatsaltmuchlowerthantheremended
B.Chinahasoneofthehighestsaltintakesintheworld
C.foodpanieswilllowerthesaltcontentintheproducts
D.thefirstChinesesaltreductionguideforitsfoodindustryH8Ididsomethingwrongtoday.Whileatthebeachthisafternoon.ImetaboycalledBob.Wetalkedalot.Hesaidthatitwasfunplayingonthecliffs(懸崖).ItoldhimthatIwasnotallowedtogonearthatplace.MumandDadhadalwaystoldmeitwasdangeroustoplaythere.Hecalledmeacoward.IwantedtoprovetohimthatIwasjustasbrave,soIagreedtogowithhim.Wewantedtomakeourwaydowntoexplorethearea,soBobstartedtoclimbdownandIfollowedhim.Unluckily,somerockscamedownafterus.Oneofthemnearlyhitmyhead.Wecouldnotgetbackup.Weshoutedandshoutedforhelp,butforalongtimenohelpcame.Iwasreallyscared.Iwantedtocry.Then,weheardsomesounds.Someonehadheardus.Awomantiedaropearoundherselfwhileamanattheclifftopheldtherope.Shemadeherwaydowntosaveus.Myparentswererelieved(寬慰的)thatIwasunhurt,buttheywereangrythatIhaddonesuchariskything.IapologizedandpromisedthatIwouldnotdoanythinglikethatagain.InParagraph2,“acoward”means_________.A.apersonwhoisnotbrave B.apersonwhoisnotclever
C.apersonwhoisnotstrong D.apersonwhoisnotpoliteI9
Fewpeoplerefusetolookatpicturesofcuteanimals.TakeSallychickenasanexample.Thechickenwithayellowbodyandaflatmouthalwayslookslovely,whichmakesitpopularontheInternet.Seeinghercutepicturecheerspeopleup.Butthere'sanotheradvantageofcuteanimals.
Newresearchhasfoundthatlookingatpicturesofcuteanimalscanalsohelpusconcentrate(聚精會)better.
ThestudyesfromresearchersatHiroshimaUniversityinJapan.Theyinvited132universitystudentstotakepartinaseriesofexperiments.
Inoneexperiment,studentsplayedagameinwhichtheyhadtopickupsmallobjectsfromaholewithouttouchingthesides.Inanotherexperiment,studentswereaskedtofindagivennumberfromalistofnumbersquickly.
Inbothexperiments,theydidthegiventaskstwice—beforeandafterlookingatpicturesofeitherkittens(babycats)andpuppies(babydogs),oradultcatsanddogs.
Researchersweresurprisedtofindthatinbothcasesstudentswhowereshowncutebabyanimalpicturesmadefewermistakes.
But,babyanimalslookboth"cuter"and"morepleasant"thanadultanimals.Somepeoplemayaskwhetherthetestdifferencecamefromtheirbeing"pleasant"?
Tofindtheanswer,theresearcherschosesomefoodpictureswhichlookedpleasantbutnotcute,andgavethemtoathirdgroupofstudents.Butviewingthefoodsdidnotmakethestudentsdoanybetterinthenumbertest.
Thisfindingshowsthatviewingcutepicturesmakesparticipants(參與者)behavemoredeliberatelyanddotaskswithgreatercare.
The"powerofcuteness"maybeofgreatuseineverydaylife.
Thinkaboutsituationsinwhichpeopleneedtoactcarefully:driving,officeworkandexams.
"Inmyfirstyearofhighschool,Ibroughtsmallplastictoystoschoolduringtests.Iwouldsetthemupinarowonmydesk,facingme,andthengetbusywithansweringexamquestions,"SusanaMartinezCondewroteinScientificAmerican.Theunderlinedword"deliberately"isclosestinmeaningto______.A.happily B.relaxedly C.actively D.carefullyJ10
ManypeopleknowthatrubbishisabigproblemonplanetEarth.Whatmanypeopledon'tknowisthatjunkhasbeeaprobleminouterspacetoo.
AccordingtoBBCNews,therearemorethan22,000piecesofspacejunkfloatingaroundtheearth.Andthese
arejustthethingsthatwecanseefromthesurfaceoftheearthbytelescopes.Therearealsomillionsofsmallerpiecesofjunkthatwecan'tsee.
Objects,likebitsofoldspacerocketsorsatellites,movearoundtheplanetatveryhighspeedsofastthatevenaverysmallpiececanbreakimportantsatellitesorbeedangeroustoastronauts.Ifthetiniestpieceofjunkcrashedintoaspaceship,itcoulddamagethespacetool.
Tomakethingsworse,whentwoobjectsinspacecrash,theybreakintomanysmallerpieces.Forexample,whenaU.S.satellitehitanoldRussianrocketin2009,itbrokeintomorethan2,000pieces,spacejunkproducedasaresult.
Toreducemoreandmorespacejunk,countrieshaveagreedthatallnewspacetoolscanonlystayinspacefor25yearsatmost.Eachtoolmustbebuilttofallsafelyintotheearth'satmosphere(大氣層)afterthattime.Intheupperpartsoftheatmosphere,itwillburnup.
Manyscientistsalsosuggestdifferentwaystocleanupspacejunk.InEngland,scientistsaretestingaspecialnetthatcanbesentintospacejunk.Thenetcatchesthejunkandthenpullsitintotheearth'satmospheretoburnup.TheGermansarebuildingrobotsthatcancollectpiecesofspacejunkandbringthembacktoEarthtobesafelydealtwith.
"Theproblemisbeingmorechallengingbecausewe'resendingmoreobjectsintospacetohelppeopleusetheirmobilephonesandputers,"saysMarcoCastronuovo,anItalianspaceresearcher.
"Thetimetoactisnow.Thelongerweleavetheproblem,thebiggeritwillbee,"hesays.Theunderlinedword"these"inParagraph2refersto______.A.telescopes B.problems
C.piecesofspacejunk D.BBCnewsreportsK11BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel?shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬亂).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat?slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin?scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin?sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版畫)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin?sparentsifhemighttaketheboytoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscapepainting.WilliamWilliams,awellknownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremypanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenineyearoldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.
B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.
C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.
D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.L12Researchershavestudiedlefthandedness(左撇子)foratleast150years.However,whatmakesapersonbeelefthandedremainsunknown,althoughtherearemanytheoriesaboutit.ArecentUKresearchofunbornbabiesfoundthathandednessmightdevelopbeforetheirbirths.Aboutninetenthsunbornbabiespreferredtoputtheirrighthandintotheirmouths.Anotherfindingisthatmotherswhoareover40atthetimeofachild?sbirthare128%morelikelytohavealefthandedbabythanawomaninhertwenties.Sinceabout90%peoplearerighthanded,lefthandedpeopledogothroughsomedifficulties.Asourwritingrunsfromlefttoright,itishardforalefthandedpersontowritewithoutsmudging(模糊)theink.What?smore,mosttoolssuchasscissorsandkitchenknivesaredesignedforusewiththerighthand.Itcanbedangerousiftheyareoperatedwiththelefthand.Inthepast,lefthandedchildrenwereforcedtousetheirrighthands.Luckily,nowfewerpeoplehaveabiasagainstlefthanders.Lefthandedchildrenarenolongerlaughedatinschool.Someshopssellproductsforlefthanders,suchaslefthandedguitarsandevenalefthandedputermouse.Since1976,therehasbeenanunusualdayforlefthanders.InternationalLeftHandersDayiscelebratedonAugust13theveryyear.Itdrawspeople?sattentiontothechallengeslefthandersfaceinaworldfullofrighthanders.Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedlefthandednessisnothingstrange.SomeofthemostfamouslefthandedpeopleincludeMarkTwain,WinstonChurchill,BarackObamaandBillGates.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bias”inthefourthparagraphmean?A.偏見 B.恐懼 C.贊揚(yáng) D.鼓勵M13
GraceMurraywasbornonDecember9,1906inNewYorkcity.Shewastheoldestofthethreechildreninherfamily.Evenatanearlyage,shewascuriousaboutsomegadgets(小裝置),likealarmclocks.ShesharedherloveofMathwithhermother.Herfatheralwaysencouragedherthroughhisspeechandexample.Hetoldherthatshecoulddoanythingifsheputhermindtoit.In1928shefinishedhereducationatVassarCollegeinMathandPhysics.Sincethen,shehadbeenteachingatVassar.Andin1934,shecontinuedherstudiesatYaleUniversity,wheresheachievedalotinMath.
In1930,GraceMurraymarriedVincentFosterHopper.Theywerehappytogetherfor15years.GracetaughtatVassarCollegetill1943,andthenshejoinedtheUnitedStatesNavyduringWorldWarII.ThensheworkedfortheBureauofputationProjectatHarvardUniversity,wheresheworkedontheMARKseriesofputers.
In1945,shebegantodoresearchonappliedphysicsatHarvard'sputationLaboratory.In1949shejoinedtheEckertMauchlyputerCorporation.18yearslater,shereturnedtotheNavy.Sheretiredin1971butcontinuedtoworkforthedevelopmentoftheputer.BrewsterAcademy,aschoolinWolfeboro,NewHampshire,theUnitedStates,gavetheirputerlabtoherforfreein1985,callingittheGraceMurrayHopperCentreforputerLearning.Shediedinhersleepin1992.Sinceherdeath,herworkmateElenorBriggshasbeengoingonwithherjob.
GraceMurraywasagreatwomanandaleaderinthedevelopmentoftheputer.Herworkhelpedimprovetheuseofputerlanguages.Shepracticedherwords"DareandDo"inherlifetime.Theunderlinedword"it"
inParagraph1refersto"____________".A.anythingshecoulddo B.herfather'sexample
C.herfather'sspeech D.hereducationN14
It'sbadenoughtobethesmallestofthegroup,buttobetoldafter75yearsthatyou'renotevenamemberoftheclub—whataterriblething!
Pluto(冥王星)wasfirstdiscoveredin1930.Until2006,studentsweretaughtthatitwastheninthandsmallestplanetinthesolarsystem.Smallerthantheearth'smoon,itisnotevenaswideastheUnitedStates.
Plutoismadeupalmostentirelyofrockandice.ItissofarawayfromtheearththattheNASANewHorizonsspacecrafttookalmost10yearstogetveryclosetoit.
Butassmallasitis,ascoldasitis,asfarfromthesunasitis,forallthoseyearsitwasconsideredtheninthplanetofthesolarsystemuntilEris(鬩神星)camearound.
Eriswasdiscoveredin2005.ItisaboutthesamesizeasPluto.AndlikePluto,itispartoftheKuiperBelt,aringofobjectsthatcircletheouteredgeofthesolarsystem.
AfterEriswasdiscovered,scientistshadtomakeadecision.EitherEriswasthe10thplanetinthesolarsystemoritwasnotaplanetatall.
Scientistsmadenewrulesforplanet,anddecidedthatneitherPlutonorErisqualified.
Anewclubwascreated:dwarf(矮的)planet.Theofficiallistofplanetsinthesolarsystemwentfromninetoeight,andPlutoandErisbecamemembersofthedwarfplanetclub.Infact,Plutoisoneofthebiggerdwarfplanets!Whatdoestheunderlinedword"qualified"mean?A.聯(lián)系 B.組合 C.符合 D.合并O15Timemanagementistheprocessofplanningandcontrollinghowmuchtimetospendonsomeactivities.Goodtimemanagementallowsyoutopletemoreinashorterperiodoftime,reduceyourstress,andleadstocareersuccess.
Somestudentsworkhardattheirlessons,andoftenstayuplate.However,itisnotnecessarytobeeabookwormtobeagoodstudent.Ifyoutrytopletetoomanytasksatthesametime,themostlikelyresultisthatyouwillbeoverwhelmed(擊垮)inthehopeof‘catchingup’.Theamountandqualityofwhatyouachievearemainlydependentonhoweffectivelyyoumanageyourtime.Hereissomeadviceonhowtobettermanageyourtimeasastudent.
MakeaplanTherearemanysubjectsthatneedtobelearnedandyouneedtodolotsofexercisestopractise.Thebestwaytoachievesuccessistomakeaplan.Thisstartsasalistofallthetasksforpletingyourgoals.Writethemdown,foryourmemoryisnotasgoodasyouthinkitis.Next,colourtasksonyourlisttoshowtheirurgency(緊迫性).Thisallowsyoutoknowthetasksthatyouneedtofinishatonce.Doonlyonethingatatime:theotherscanwaittheirturn.Youwillneedtoupdateyourlistregularly,butallowyourselftoenjoythepleasureofputtingyourpenthroughthingsthatyouhavepleted.
Bewareofdistractions(當(dāng)心分心)Usingmobilephonesorputerstochatwithothersorplaygamesmayhelpyourelaxbutitisalsoawasteoftime.Considershuttingthemoffpletelyasyouworkonataskthatrequiresyourfullattention.
Learntosay‘no’Manybusinessleadersputalotoftheirsuccessdowntosimplysaying‘no’.Thatis,theyputtheireffortsinthefewareasthatreallymatterandhavethecouragetosaynotoeverythingelse.Berealisticwithyourself,andhonestwithothers.Refusetheactivitiesortaskswhichyouarenotgoodat.
GiveyourselfabreakTakingbreaksisgoodforyourbrain.Don’tbehardonyourself;youwillactuallydobetterifyoutakebreaks.Thismightseemcounterintuitivewithallthosetasksonyourlist,butsolutionstoproblemscanefromarefreshed(清爽的)brain.Succeedingagainstthedifficultyandinthefaceoftimepressureisoneofthemostvaluableexperiencesyo
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