新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測專題12：閱讀理解微技能之判斷推理（原題版）

?專題12閱讀理解微技能之判斷推理題考點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)精講【思維導(dǎo)圖】【判斷推理題微技能】1．細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要求考生根據(jù)語篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識進(jìn)行推理判定?？忌挥邪盐瘴恼碌膬?nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，才可以判斷正確答案。典題印證Otherorganizationssuchasbanksaskcustomerstosignlongcontractstheymaynotreadorunderstand,butMillerbelievessocialmediarequiresspecialattentionbecauseitissonew.“Westilldon’tknowhowsignificantthelong-termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonsocialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years’time,”hesays.AndrewMillerthinkssocialmedianeedsmoreattentionthanbanksmainlybecause_______.A.theirusersconsistlargelyofkidsunder20yearsoldB.thelanguageintheircontractsisusuallyhardertounderstandC.theinformationtheycollectedcouldbecomemorevaluableinfutureD.itremainsunknownhowusers’datawillbetakenadvantageof2．文章來源或讀者對象類推斷題考生本身要具備一定的常識，把文章的內(nèi)容與自己所具備的常識結(jié)合起來做出正確的判斷。如要對報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、小說、童話、廣告、說明書、旅游指南、藥品說明、操作指南等文章的語言特色，特別是其專用詞匯有基本的了解，根據(jù)文章的語言特色和其專用詞匯對號入座，快速選出最佳答案。典題印證EUmembers’stateshaveagreedtobanatoxicsubstancewidelyfoundinclothingbecauseitposesan“acceptablerisk”totheenvironment.Countriesvotedinfavorofextendingexistingrestrictionsonnonylphenolethoxylates(NPE)toimportsofclothingandothertextileproducts.Themeasureisintendedtoprotectspeciesinwater.UseofNPEintextilemanufactureinEuropewasbannedover10yearsagobutthesubstanceisstillreleasedintothewaterenvironmentthroughimportedtextilesbeingwashed............A2011studybyGreenpeacefoundNPEintwo-thirdsofclothestested,includingitemssoldbybig-namebrandssuchasAdidas,H&M,Lacoste,andRalphLauren.TheNGO(Non-GovernmentalOrganizations)arguedthatalthoughconcentrationsofNPEfoundintheclotheswerelow,thechemical’sexistenceintheenvironmentposedarisk...........Whichsectionofthewebsitedoesthetextcomefrom?A.Lifestyle. B.Technology.C.Business. D.Environment.3．寫作意圖類推斷題要求根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測作者的寫作意圖。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)還要具備對作者闡述問題的方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。判斷文章的寫作目的時(shí)一定要對文章主題有正確的把握，閱讀時(shí)務(wù)必找準(zhǔn)文章的主旨句，準(zhǔn)確歸納文章主題。典題印證Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.It’scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit’smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21，butsinceithascaughton，eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee，andoftentaste，awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets，itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence，suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecial，it’sstillworthatry，asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette，butyou’llneedawarm，shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit，soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheevents，youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions，andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs，childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards．Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience，tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhowtogrowapples.B．Tointroduceanapplefestival.C．Tohelppeopleselectapples.D．Topromoteappleresearch.4．態(tài)度傾向類推斷題考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物對某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。要求考生具有在正確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上，對觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度傾向進(jìn)行分析、識別的能力。該類型題目的選項(xiàng)一般含有以下三類詞：(1)中性詞：uninterested(不感興趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)等；(2)褒義詞：positive(積極的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(熱情的)，admiring(贊賞的)等；(3)貶義詞：disgusted(厭惡的)，critical(批評的)，negative(否定的，消極的)，disappointed(失望的)等。典題印證Thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However，nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence，duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations，collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades，however，continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily，thankstocellphones，emailandsocialmedia，haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility，universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?A．Sympathetic.B．Disapproving.C．Supportive. D．Neutral.附注：英語閱讀理解中表示作者態(tài)度的高頻詞匯positive肯定的,積極的passive被動的，消極的negative消極的supportive支持的disapproving不贊成的critical批評的conservative保守的suspicious可疑的，懷疑的puzzled/confused困惑的subjective主觀的objective客觀的neutral中立的concerned關(guān)心的，有關(guān)的optimistic樂觀的pessimistic悲觀的indifferent漠不關(guān)心的unconcerned不關(guān)心的_____真題演練真題演練1．細(xì)節(jié)推斷題片段節(jié)選Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.2．文章來源或讀者對象類推斷題片段節(jié)選GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.3．寫作意圖類推斷題片段節(jié)選WECOMBATANIMALDISEASESTOGETHER!Wewanttopreventseriousanimaldiseasessuchasfootandmouthdisease,classicalswinefeverandAfricanswinefeverfromspreadingtoFinland.Theseandotheranimaldiseasescanbetransmittedfromonecountrytoanotherbyanimalsorbymeatanddairyproductseveniftheyarepackedforpersonalconsumptionorintendedasgifts.Travelerslikeyouplayanimportantroleinpreventingthespreadofanimaldiseases.Don’tbringmeat,meatproducts,milkanddairyproductsfromnon-EUcountriestoFinland!AbanonpersonalimportsappliestomeatanddairyproductsbroughtintoFinlandbytravelersororderedandsentthroughthepost.Thebanappliestofoodstuffsintendedforpersonalconsumptionorasgiftsandtopetfood.Ifyouhavefoodproductsofanimaloriginwithyou,throwtheminawastecontainerinthepointofentryorcontactCustoms!Whomisthisnoticeintendedfor?A.FoodimportersinFinland.B.TravelerstoFinland.C.CitizensinEUcountries.D.Medicalstafffromnon-EUcountries.4．態(tài)度傾向類推斷題片段節(jié)選Wealreadyhaveenoughfood,sowhycreatemorethatcouldbepotentiallyharmfultous,totheEarthandtoallwildlife?Ithinkthatthebenefitsareamazing,butuntilweknowforsurehowthesefoodswillaffectus,theyarenotworththerisk.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsgeneticengineering?A.welcomingB.disapprovingC.unconcernedD.optimistic_____好題必好題必測2022年6月新高考I卷D篇Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication. B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem. D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.2022年6月新高考全國Ⅱ卷D篇Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.15.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A.Makinguseofthefindings. B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch. D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.2022年1月浙江卷C篇Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere'sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia（失智癥）inlaterlife-andif

theydid，itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.Lead

researcher

Dr.HelenaHorder,

oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:“Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit'spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular（心血管的）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia.”Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywere

tiredout

tomeasuretheirpeak（最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevel

with

acapacityof

120wattsorhigher.

While

92womenwere

in

themediumfitnesscategory;

Atotalof59were

of

lowfitness

level

,with

apeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheirtestsstoppedbecauseof

healthproblems.Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness."However,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessanddementia,itonlyshowsanassociation.saidHorder.

Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskofdementiaandalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant."Shealsoadmittedthatarelativelysmallnumberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhomwerefromSweden,sotheresultsmightnotbeapplicabletoothergroups.WhatdoweknowaboutDrHorder'sstudy?A.Itaimedtofindacurefordementia.B.Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.C.Someparticipantswithdrewfromit.D.Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.2021年6月新高考2卷B篇IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofraisingthetigercubsathome?A.Boring. B.Tiring. C.Costly. D.Risky.2021年6月全國乙卷B篇Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機(jī)）?Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athird

concede

thatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn'ttheonlyfactor;

I'dsayit'salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.2021年6月浙江卷C篇Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan

"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages（圖像）ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbusedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller.

"Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.""Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"Mullertold

LiveScience.Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,”

andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.C.Picturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferent.D.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethetest.2021年1月浙江卷C篇Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember."That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They'retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect."Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother'sbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies（物種）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing"."Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthe

gulf

remains."WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.2021年6月新高考I卷D篇Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional（情感的）intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand"peopleskills."Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重視）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（視角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.2.Whydoestheauthormention"doctor"and"cheater"inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.2021年6月全國甲卷D篇Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性別）are"really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactorslikegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld."1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.2.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs._____題型組合練題型組合練1.【河南省九師聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三開學(xué)考】Talkingtosomeoneonatrain,bus,orsubwaycanberiskyyetexciting,asyouneverknowwhenthey’regoingtogetoff.Startingaconnectioncanbefunasthecostsarefairlylowandyoucaneasilystartandstopaconversation,orgetoffifthingsbecomeawkward.____36____Makeeyecontact.Makingbriefeyecontactcanshowthepersonsthatyou’reinterestedandhelpyoujudgewhethertheyareinterestedinyou.Glanceatthepersonsandtrytoholdyourgaze(注視)forjustasecondortwo.____37____Iftheymeetyourgaze,it’slikelypositive.Iftheylookawayquicklyorappeardisinterested,it’sprobablybestnottoapproach.Smileatthepersons.Ifyou’vesuccessfullymettheirgaze,smileatthem.____38____Iftheysmileback,you’relikelyinluckingettingthemtotalktoyou.Ifyouwanttostartaconversationwiththepersons,smilingisagreatwaytogetsomebody’sattention.____39____Makeapointtoappearopen,comfortableandavailable.Dothisbykeepingyourarmsuncrossed.Standorsitupstraightandshowgoodposture(姿勢).Don’tcrossyourbodyorturnawayfromthepersons,asthesegesturescanmakeyouappearclosedoffordisinterested.Approachthepersonstostarttalkingtothem.____40____Ifyou’refaraway,movecloser.Youshouldbeacomfortabledistancewhereyoucanheareachotheryetnotfeelawkwardiftheconversationdoesn’tworkout.A.Useopenbodylanguage.B.Mindyourmannerswhiletalking.C.Noticehowtheyrespondtoyourgaze.D.Don’tworrybecauseyoucanfollowsometipsthatmakeyousmile.E.Onceyou’vereadthatthepersonsareinterestedinchatting,makeamove.F.Asmallbutsinceresmilemakesyouappearinterested,friendlyandapproachable.G.Therefore,trytogetsomeone’sattentionandstartaconversationbyfollowingthetips.2.【湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟2023屆新高三第一次聯(lián)合測評】TherearemanysourcesofdebateonalongToadtrip,includingrouteselection,thechoiceofsnacks,and,probablymostimportantly,whattoPlayontheradio.Findingawayforallpartiestolistentotheirownaudiowithouttheneedforheadphoneshasbeenagoalofcarmakersfordecades,andscientistsmayhavefinallymanagedit.AteamfromtheUniversityofLeMansinFrancecarefullypositionedmicrophones,speakersandfilters（過濾器）tocreatepersonalisedsoundzones(PSZs)insideacar,andthesmallregionsarewheresoundfromasetofspeakerscanbeheardclearly.Outsidethese,itcannotbeheard.Onebarrierwhichscientistshavepreviouslybeenunabletoovercomewastheimpactofmovingone’sseat.TheywereabletoformaPSZ,butunabletomoveittofollowapersoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorbackwards.TheFrenchteamcreatedanewalgorithm(算法)specificallytotacklethisissue,whichhandlesthesoundwavestocreate“bright”and“dark”zonesinthecar.“Loudspeakersareplacedi