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廣東省廣州市2018年中考英語試卷一、語法選擇1.閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,從各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項。XianXinghaiwasaveryfamousmusicianinChina.Hewroteoneofthegreatestpiecesofmusicofthe20thcentury.Inhisshortlifehewrote(1)300songsandanopera.XianwasborninPanyu,Guangdong,Chinain1905.Becausehisfatherdiedbeforehewasborn,Xianmovedfromplacetoplacewith(2)mother.Hebeganlearningtoplay(3)violinwhenhewas20yearsold.Inthebeginning,hisviolinwas(4)cheapandbadlymadethathe(5)notplayitwell.Hisfriendslaughedathim.Xiandidnotstop(6)andsoonshowedhistalent.In1934,hewasoneofthefirstChinesestudents(7)studiedinaspecialmusicschoolinParis.Beforehe(8),Xianbecametheschool'sbeststudent(9)wonseveralprizesforhistalents.In1935,hereturnedtoChinaandhelpedfightagainsttheJapanesearmy.Later,hecametoYan'an(10)musicatacollege.(11)therewerenopianosinYan'anatthattimeXianstillwrote(12)ofhismostimportantmusicthere,includingTheYellowRiver,hismostfamouswork.InMay1940,Xian(13)totheSovietUnionbytheChineseCommunistPartytowritemusicformovies.IntheSovietUnion,lifewasvery(14).Xiangotsickandlaterdiedofalungillness(15)October30,1945,agedonly40.Xian'smusic,however,livesoninthepeople'shearts.(1)A.near B.nearly C.nearby D.nearer(2)A.he B.him C.his D.he's(3)A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the D.this(4)A.so B.such C.very D.much(5)A.need B.may C.should D.could(6)A.practice B.practicing C.topractice D.practised(7)A.what B.which C.whom D.who(8)A.leave B.leaves C.left D.wasleaving(9)A.a(chǎn)nd B.but C.a(chǎn)s D.or(10)A.teach B.taught C.teaching D.toteach(11)A.If B.Although C.When D.Because(12)A.a(chǎn)ny B.little C.few D.some(13)A.sent B.wassent C.hassent D.wassending(14)A.hard B.harder C.hardest D.thehardest(15)A.a(chǎn)t B.in C.on D.by二、完形填空2.閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項。
Beforegraduatingcollege,Jackiebegantolookforajob.Sheaimedatafamouscompany,butthe(1)forsuchjobswasverystrong.ThecompanyJackiechoseplannedtoemployonlyoneperson,butmorethantwentypeopleappliedforthejob.(2),Jackiewasoneofthethreepeopleinvitedforthefinalinterview.Theinterviewwasvery(3).Theintervieweraskedjustafewquestionsanditwasalloverinlessthan10minutes.Thentheinterviewersaidtothem,"Allofyouareverygood.Pleasegohomeand(4)ourresponse.”Threedayslater,Jackiereceivedamessagesayingshewouldnotbe(5)thejob.Shefeltdeeplydisappointed.Thatevening.Howevershereceivedanother(6).Thistimeitsaidthatshegotthejob.Jackielaterfoundoutthatthefirstmessagesenttoherphonewaspartoftheinterview—a(7)toseeifshewassuitableforthejob.Allthethreepeoplereceivedthe(8)text,butonlyJackie'sreply(9)thecompanyofthethree,onedidnotreply.Theothersaid“goodbye”andJackiesaid“thankyou”.ThisreplyshowedthatJackiewasa/an(10)person,sothecompanyofferedherthejob.(1)A.exam B.work C.competition D.plan(2)A.Thankfully B.Unluckily C.Hopefully D.Immediately(3)A.long B.strict C.interesting D.simple(4)A.pickup B.waitfor C.dealwith D.thinkof(5)A.offered B.returned C.refused D.shown(6)A.letter B.e-mail C.call D.message(7)A.guide B.conversation C.test D.lesson(8)A.same B.other C.second D.whole(9)A.reached B.satisfied C.helped D.surprised(10)A.brave B.clever C.polite D.honest三、閱讀理解3.閱讀下列短文,從各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項。Forhiseleventhbirthday,Linwasgivenagiftthatwouldshapehislife.OnthatdayhisfathertookhimtotheChildren'sActivityCentreandsaidhecouldchooseanycoursethatinterestedhim.Therewasjustonerequirement:Linwouldhavetopromisetostudyitforatleastoneyear.TothatpointLinhadhadmanyhobbies,butnonekepthisinterestformorethanaweekortwo.Hismumoncegavehimabagofstampstoencouragestampcollecting.Thathobbylastedaweek.ThenhisfathergothimsomepaintshopingthatLin'sartisticsidewouldshinethrough.Thosepaintswerenowunderhisbed,stillunopened.ThistimeLin'sparentswouldlethimdecide.Lin'seyesmoveddownthenoticeboardthatlistedallthecoursesonoffer.Hestoppedat"Photography".Helikedtheideaoftakingbeautifulpicturesbutthenoticesaidthateachstudentneededtheirowncamera.AlthoughLin'sfamilyweren'tpoor,theyweren'tricheither,andacameracostalotofmoney.Hecontinuedlooking.Thenextcoursetocatchhiseyewas"LanguageArt".Hedidn'tevenknowwhatthatmeant.Hisfatherexplainedthatittaughtpeoplehowtomakepublicspeeches.Lin,ashyboy,couldthinkofnothingworse.Thenhesawit."Cooking"soundedlikesomethinghe'dliketodo.Itwasinexpensiveandconvenient,itcouldbedonealoneanditwasalsocreative.BasedonLin'shobbyhistory,hisdadhaddoubts,butheagreed.Muchtohisparents'surprise,Linkepthispromise.HestudiedcookingattheCentreeverySaturday,andpractisedathome,makingdeliciousmealsforhisfamily.Everyonelookedforwardtobirthdays,whentheycouldeathiscakes.Lingotgreatsatisfactionfromthepleasurehisfoodbroughttoothers.Themonthsturnedtoyearsbuthishobbyneverchangedagain.NowLinisanadultandrunsasuccessfulrestaurant.Whencustomerssaytheyenjoyhismeal,hestillgetsthesamepleasurehedidasachild,andremembersthespecialgifthereceivedallthoseyearsago.(1)Whydidn'tLinchoosetostudyphotography?A.Itwastooexpensive. B.Hehadnointerestinit.C.Hewasnotverycreative. D.Itwasnotofferedthatterm.(2)Theunderlinedexpression"catchhiseye"inParagraph4means“”.A.makehimexcited B.causehimsurpriseC.gethisattention D.helphimseeclearly(3)WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLin'sinterestincooking?A.Itonlylastedforashorttime. B.Itseemedtomatchhischaracter.C.Itwasforcedonhimbyhisparents. D.Itdevelopedslowlyovermanymonths.(4)WhydidthefatherhavedoubtsaboutLin'schoiceofcooking?A.Linwasn'tgoodatcooking. B.Cookingwasn'tveryconvenient.C.Hedidn'tthinkLinwouldcontinue. D.Cookingwasn'tagoodhobbyforaboy.(5)What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AStrictFather B.AChangeableBoyC.TheFunofCooking D.TheBirthdayGift4.閱讀下列短文,從各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項。
Expertsbelievethattherearemorethan8millionrestaurantsintheworldtoday.Soitmightsurpriseyoutolearnthatrestaurants,asweknowthem,haveonlyexistedforafewcenturies.Before1765,therewerenorestaurants.Thatis,therewerenoplacesthatprovidedtherestaurantexperience.Therewasnowhereinwhichawaiterbroughtyoufoodanddrinkthatyoupickedfromamenu.Infact,therewerenomenusanywhere.Therewereeatingplacestravellerscouldgotocenturiesbeforethat.Thecountrysidewasfullofinnsthatwouldservefood.Andthereweretavernswhereonecouldgetdrinks.Therichcouldalsoeatspecialmealspreparedbyprivatecooks.Butnoneofthemcouldbecalleda“restaurant”.AmancalledBoulangerchangedthat.In1765,heopenedaplaceinParisthatsoldsoups(湯).Onhissignheusedtheword"restaurant"todescribewhathewasselling.Atthattime,soupswereconsideredsomethingthatcouldhelp"restore"(恢復(fù))yourhealth-inFrenchtheword"restore"is“restaurer”—sohecalledthesoups"restaurants".Soon,peoplestartedbuyingBoulanger'ssoupsevenwhentheywerenotill.Andovertime,peoplebegantousetheword"restaurant"torefertoaplacesellingsoupratherthanthesoupitself.More"restaurants"openedinFrance,andpeoplebegantobuysoupsmoreoften.Later,restaurantsinParisbegantoserveotherfoodbesidessoup.Inthe1790s,menusstartedtoappear.Bythemid-1800s,thereweremanytypesofrestaurantsthroughouttheworld.TheUnitedStatesofferedcoffeeshops.TeahousesbecamepopularthroughoutChina.Pariscreatedbeautifulrestaurantsfortherich.TheBritishbegantocopytheFrench,andtherestaurantideaspreadthroughouttheBritishEmpire.Todaycitiesarefilledwithalltypesofrestaurants.Dinershavemillionsofoptionsfromwhichtochoose.(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howrestaurantsdeveloped B.Whatmadeagoodrestaurant.C.Whocreatedthefirstrestaurant D.Whyrestaurantsbecamepopular.(2)Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatmaderestaurantsdifferentfromearliereatingplaces?A.Restaurantsonlyservedfood B.RestaurantsweremoreexpensiveC.Restaurantsweremainlyincities D.Restaurantshadalistofmealchoices(3)WhodidBoulangerexpecttocomeandeatathisrestaurant?A.Richpeople B.Sickpeople. C.Travellers. D.Workers.(4)Whenitwasfirstused,whatdidtheword"restaurant"referto?A.Aperson. B.Aplace. C.Illness. D.Soup.(5)Whendidrestaurantsbegintogrowinternationally?A.Inthe1600s. B.Inthe1700s.C.Inthe1800s. D.Inthe1900s.5.閱讀下列短文,從各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項。
ManypeopleknowthatrubbishisabigproblemonplanetEarth.Whatmanypeopledon'tknowisthatjunk(垃圾)hasbecomeaprobleminouterspacetoo.AccordingtoBBCNews,therearemorethan22,000piecesofspacejunkfloatingaroundtheearth.Andthesearejustthethingsthatwecanseefromthesurfaceoftheearthbytelescopes(望遠(yuǎn)鏡).Therearealsomillionsofsmallerpiecesofjunkthatwecan'tsee.Objects,likebitsofoldspacerocketsorsatellites,movearoundtheplanetatveryhighspeedsfastthatevenaverysmallpiececanbreakimportantsatellitesorbecomedangeroustoastronauts.Ifthetiniestpieceofjunkcrashedintoaspaceship,itcoulddamagethevehicle.Tomakethingsworse,whentwoobjectsinspacecrash,theybreakintomanysmallerpieces.Forexample,whenaU.S.satellitehitanoldRussianrocketin2009,itbrokeintomorethan2,000pieces,increasingtheamountofspacejunk.Toreduceadditionalspacejunk,countrieshaveagreedthatallnewspacetoolscanonlystayinspacefor25yearsatmost.Eachtoolmustbebuilttofallsafelyintotheearth'satmosphereafterthattime.Intheupperpartsoftheatmosphere,itwillburnup.Manyscientistsalsosuggestingdifferentwaystocleanupspacejunk.InEnglandscientistsaretestingametalnetthatcanbefiredintospacejunk.Thenetcatchesthejunkandthenpullsitintotheearth'satmospheretoburnup.TheGermansarebuildingrobotsthatcancollectpiecesofspacejunkandbringthembacktoEarthtobesafelydestroyed.Theproblemisbecomingmorechallengingbecausewe'resendingmoreobjectsintospacetohelppeopleusetheirmobilephonesandcomputers,”saysMarcoCastronuovo,anItalianspaceResearcher.“Thetimetoactisnow.Thelongerweleavetheproblem,thebiggeritwillbecome,”hesays.(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inParagraph2referto?A.Telescopes. B.Satellites.C.Piecesofspacejunk. D.BBCnewsreports.(2)Whyisspacejunkconsideredaproblem?A.Itburnsupafteritre-enterstheatmosphereB.ItoftenstopstheviewoftelescopesonEarthC.ItcouldforcenewspacetoolstotravelatslowerspeedsD.Itmaycrashintootherspacetoolscausingdamageordeat(3)Countrieswantfuturespacetoolstobeabletofallbackintotheearth'satmospheresothat.A.thetoolscanbereusedlater B.thetoolsdon'tbecomespacejunkC.theearth'satmospherecanstayclean D.theeffectsofspaceflightcanbestudied(4)HowdotheGermansplantodealwithspacejunk?A.Catchitwithnets. B.Userobotstocollectit.C.Burnitintheearth'satmosphere. D.Senditfurtherawayfromtheearth.(5)Inwhichsectionofthenewspaperwouldyouprobablyreadthisarticle?A.Environment. B.LocalNews. C.Education. D.Fashion.6.閱讀下列短文,從各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項。ScienceforKidsThismonth'smostpopularbooks⒈WomeninSciencebyRachelIgnotofskyPrice$25WeallknowthestoryofMarieCurieandhermanyscientificachievements.Butmanyotherbrilliantfemalescientistsarefarlesswellknown.Thisbookisagreatintroductiontothelivesandworksofsomeofthemostimportantandup-to-nowunknownwomeninscience.RecommendedforAges:12-15SpecialOfferForthismonthonly,allBestbooksBookClubmemberswillpay20%lessforeverybookordered.Joinourclubforfreeandsavebigmoney!
DeliveryWebringeverybookyouordernighttoourdoorwithinthreedays.ForBestbooksBookClubmembersthisisfree.Non-membersmustpayanextra$2perbook.⒉FirstBigbookofHowbyJillEsbaumPrice$15Anexcellentbookaboutsealifeforyoungchildren.Thebookisdividedinto4parts,oneforeachofthePacific,Atlantic,IndianandArcticoceans.Itfocusesonthedifferentanimalsfoundineachoftheseseas,alongwithinterestingfactsandamazingpictures.Ages:5-10⒊AReallyShortHistoryofNearlyEverythingbyBillBrysonPrice$15BillBrysontakesreadersonaveryfunnyandeducationaltripthroughthehistoryofmodernscience-fromitsunexpectedsuccessestoitsgreatfailuresandeverythinginbetween.Ages:14andover⒋NationalGeographic'sFirstBigBookoftheWorldbyJanCarn.Price$20Thisbookistheperfectintroductiontothesevencontinents.Ittellsyoungreadersaboutthedifferentanimalsthatliveoneachoftheselandsandgivesasimpledescriptionofthepeople'shistoryandculture.Ages:5-12(1)Howarethebooksonthiswebpagelisted?A.Byprice. B.Bypopularity.C.Byreader'sage. D.Bywriter'sname.(2)WhatistrueaboutthebookWomeninScience?A.ItismainlyaboutMarieCurie'shistory. B.Itlistsalltheimportantscientificachievements.C.Itincludeswomenscientiststhataren'tfamous. D.Itismostlyaboutthedevelopmentofmodemscience.(3)HowmuchwillaBestbooksBookClubmemberpayintotalifheordersFirstBigBookofHowandAReallyShortHistoryofNearlyEverythingtoday?A.$34. B.$30. C.$26. D.$24.(4)AprimaryschoolstudentwhoneedstowriteasciencereportaboutAfricanelephantsshouldchoose.A.Womeninscience B.FirstBigBookofHowC.AReallyShortHistoryofNearlyEverything D.NationalGeographic'sFirstBigBookoftheWorld(5)Whatisthemainpurposeofthiswebpage?A.Tosellbookstoyoungreaders. B.Toattractnewbookclubmembers.C.Toencouragestudents'interestinscience. D.Toreviewbooksyoungreadersmightlike.四、閱讀填空7.閱讀短文及文后A~E選項,選出可以填入各題空白處的最佳選項。MostofusthinkthetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBell.Infact,anItaliannamedAntonioMeucciwasofficiallyrecognised(認(rèn)定)astheinventorafewyearsago.WhoisMeucciandwhywasn'theknownforhisinventionatthetime?AntonioMeucciwasborninItalyin1808.Hestudiedengineeringanddrawing.Duringhisstudies,Meuccistartedtoexperimentwithelectricity.Whentwoplaceswereconnectedwithwire,peopleinthoseplacescouldheareachothertalk.In1850,Meucciandhiswife.Ester,movedtoNewYork.Meucciwasworriedabouthiswife,becauseshehadbecomeveryill.Tosolvethisproblem,heconnectedmetalcablesbetweenhishomeandhisworkshop.Thisway,theycouldtalktoeachotherconveniently.Meucciinvitedagroupofpeopletoseehisnewinvention.Theylistenedinamazementasthevoiceofasingerwasheardthroughthewires.Evenworse,Meuccineverappliedforapatent(專利)onhisinvention.Meanwhile,AlexanderGrahamBellwasworkingonthesameideaandin1876thepatentforthetelephonewasgiventohim.In2002,morethanacenturyafterMeucci'sdeath,hisworkwasfinallyrecognisedbythegovernment.A.Hediscoveredthatsoundcouldtravelthroughmetalcables.B.However,hewasn'tthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.C.Unfortunately,onlyafewpeopleattendedthistalk.D.Hewillnowbeknownallovertheworldasthetelephone'sinventor.E.Heneededtokeepintouchwithheratalltimes.五、單詞拼寫8.根據(jù)下列句子及所給單詞的首字母寫出所缺單詞。在填寫答卷時,要求寫出完整單詞。(每空限填一詞)(1)Pleaseopenthewandletsomefreshairin.(2)Thekindboywashappytoshisfoodwiththehungryman.(3)Tokeephealthy,youshoulddosportsandhaveabalancedd.(4)Ncrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightisred.(5)Byreading30minutesaday,youcanlearnmorewordsandiyourwriting.(6)Thestudentsareveryh.Theycleanhousesfortheoldpeopleeveryweekend.六、完成句子9.根據(jù)所給的漢語內(nèi)容,用英語完成下列句子。(每空限填一詞)(1)你沿絲綢之路旅游過嗎?everalongtheSilkRoad?(2)參觀廣州博物館對我們很有教育意義。veryeducationalforusGuangzhouMuseum.(3)明天的大雨可能會阻礙我們外出。Theheavyrainmayusfromouttomorrow.(4)廣州的公園每年都種很多樹。Everyyear,alotoftreesintheparksinGuangzhou。(5)我昨晚看的那場電影真好笑!movieIsawlastnight!(6)我想知道明天我們在哪里見面。Iwondermeettomorrow.(7)如果你足夠細(xì)心,就不會犯簡單的錯誤。Youwon'tanysimplemistakesyoucarefulenough.七、書面表達10.你是英語校報編輯李華。校報收到初一新生Ben的來信,他提出了所面臨的兩個問題。
請你根據(jù)以下提示寫一封回信,說明Ben的問題,提出你的建議并陳述理由。Ben'sproblemsYouradviceandreasons朋友少,感覺孤單⒈參加學(xué)校社團(club)—結(jié)識更多朋友⒉?(請你補充)英語單詞難記⒈多閱讀英語故事、新聞一在運用中學(xué)單詞⒉?(請你補充)DearBen,
Iamsorrytohearthatyouarehavingtroublegettingusedtolifeinmiddleschoolyou'reyourletteryousaidthat…
…
Goodluckwitheverything!
LiHua
注意:①回信應(yīng)包括所有要點;②詞數(shù)80左右(信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計入詞數(shù));③不得透露學(xué)校、姓名等任何個人信息,否則不予評分。
答案解析部分1.【答案】(1)B;(2)C;(3)C;(4)A;(5)D;(6)B;(7)D;(8)C;(9)A;(10)D;(11)B;(12)D;(13)B;(14)A;(15)C【解析】【分析】文章大意:主要描述了我國著名音樂家冼星海的生平事跡。
(1)考查副詞。句意:在他短暫的一生中,他寫了幾乎三百首歌曲,一部戲劇。A.近的,B.幾乎,差不多,C.在······附近,D.更近的,根據(jù)常識可知冼星海寫了幾乎300首歌曲,故選B。
(2)考查代詞。句意:因為他的父親在他出生之前就死了,冼星海和他的母親常常搬家。根據(jù)常理可知他的父親死后,他和他的母親一起搬來搬去,his:他的,形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞,故選C。
(3)考查冠詞。句意:當(dāng)他20歲的時候,他開始學(xué)彈小提琴琴。根據(jù)語法知識可知琴類前面要用定冠詞the,playtheviolin:彈小提琴,故選C。
(4)考查副詞。句意:起初,他的小提琴是那么便宜,制作的那么糟糕以致于他彈不好。so···that:如此······以致于,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,so修飾形容詞或副詞,cheap是形容詞,故選A。
(5)考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:起初,他的小提琴是那么便宜,制作的那么糟糕以致于他彈不好。A.需要,B.能夠,可能,C.應(yīng)該,D.能夠,根據(jù)語境可知時態(tài)是一般過去時,要用could,故選D。
(6)考查動名詞。句意:冼星海沒有停止練習(xí),不久就表現(xiàn)出了他的天賦。根據(jù)stopdoingsth.停止做某事,可知practice要用動名詞,故選B。
(7)考查關(guān)系代詞。句意:在1934年,他成為了第一批在巴黎的一所特殊音樂學(xué)校上學(xué)的中國學(xué)生之一。根據(jù)句意可知7studiedinaspecialmusicschoolinParis.是thefirstChinesestudents的定語從句,先行詞是人,studied前面缺主語,故選D。
(8)考查動詞。句意:在他離開之前,他變成了那所學(xué)校最好的學(xué)生,并且因為他的天賦贏得了幾個獎。根據(jù)上文可知時態(tài)是一般過去時,可知此句也是一般過去時,故選C。
(9)考查連詞。句意:在他離開之前,他變成了那所學(xué)校最好的學(xué)生,并且因為他的天賦贏得了幾個獎。根據(jù)語境可知成為最好的學(xué)生和贏得幾個獎是并列關(guān)系,and表示并列關(guān)系,but:表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,as表示因為,or表示選擇關(guān)系,故選A。
(10)考查動詞。句意:后來,他回到延安,目的是在一所大學(xué)教音樂。teach:教,后跟科目或教的對象,回延安的目的是在大學(xué)教書,動詞不定式表示目的,故選D。
(11)考查連詞。句意:盡管當(dāng)時延安沒有鋼琴,冼星海仍然在那寫出一些他最重要的音樂作品,包括黃河,他最著名的作品。根據(jù)語境可知兩句是讓步關(guān)系,要用although盡管來引導(dǎo),故選B。
(12)考查代詞。句意:盡管當(dāng)時延安沒有鋼琴,冼星海仍然在那寫出一些他最重要的音樂作品,包括黃河,他最著名的作品。根據(jù)常識可知冼星海當(dāng)時創(chuàng)作了一些著名的作品,A.任何,B.幾乎沒有,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,C.幾乎沒有,修飾可數(shù)名詞,D.一些,故選D。
(13)考查動詞。句意:在1940年5月,冼星海被中國共產(chǎn)黨派去蘇聯(lián)寫電影音樂。send:發(fā)送,人和發(fā)送是被動關(guān)系,要用被動語態(tài),故選B。
(14)考查形容詞。句意:在蘇聯(lián),生活非常艱難。根據(jù)后文XiangotsickandlaterdiedofalungillnessOctober30,1945,agedonly40.冼星海生病了,后來在1945年10月30日死于肺病,年僅40歲??芍K聯(lián)的生活非常艱難,hard,沒有比較,要用原級,故選A。
(15)考查介詞。句意:冼星海生病了,后來在1945年10月30日死于肺病,年僅40歲。根據(jù)語法知識可知年月日前面要用介詞on,故選C。
【點評】考查綜合知識的運用,首先通讀全文,掌握大意,然后按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,結(jié)合語境、語法、上下文、邏輯推理選出正確答案,最后通讀全文,確保通順、完整。2.【答案】(1)C;(2)A;(3)D;(4)B;(5)A;(6)D;(7)C;(8)A;(9)B;(10)C【解析】【分析】文章大意:主要講述了Jackie去參加面試,最后得到工作的故事。
(1)考查名詞。句意:她目標(biāo)是在一家著名的公司,但是對這樣工作的競爭非常強烈。A??荚嚕珺.工作,C.競爭,D.計劃,根據(jù)常理推測想進著名的公司,競爭非常強烈,故選C。
(2)考查副詞。句意:令人感激的是,Jackie是被邀請參加最后面試的三個人中的一個。A.感謝地,令人感激的是,B.不幸地,C.希望地,D.馬上,20個人能參加最后的決賽是令人感激的,故選A。
(3)考查形容詞。句意:面試非常簡單。A.長,B.嚴(yán)格的,C.有趣的,D.簡單。根據(jù)后文Theintervieweraskedjustafewquestionsanditwasalloverinlessthan10minutes.面試官問幾個問題,不到十分鐘就都結(jié)束了。可知問題簡單,故選D。
(4)考查動詞。句意:然后面試官對他們說,“你們都非常優(yōu)秀,請回家等我們的回復(fù)吧?!盇.撿起,B.等待,C.處理,D.想起,根據(jù)常識可知參加完面試,要回家等消息,故選B。
(5)考查動詞。根據(jù)后句Shefeltdeeplydisappointed.可知句意是三天后,Jackie收到信息說她不會被提供這份工作。offersb.sth.:提供某人某物,此處是被動語態(tài),故選A。
(6)考查名詞。句意:然而,那天晚上她收到另一個信息。根據(jù)Thistimeitsaidthatshegotthejob.這次它說她得到了這份工作??芍盏搅艘粋€不同意前面那個的信息,message,故選D。
(7)考查名詞。句意:Jackie后來發(fā)現(xiàn)第一個發(fā)到她手機上的信息是面試的一部分——測試看看是否她適合這項工作。根據(jù)后文Allthethreepeoplereceivedthe8text,butonlyJackie'sreply9thecompanyofthethree,onedidnotreply.Theothersaid“goodbye”andJackiesaid“thankyou”.可知第一個信息其實是一次測試,test,故選C。
(8)考查形容詞。句意:所有這三個人都收到了同樣的文本,但是只有Jackie的回答使公司的三個人滿意。根據(jù)后文可知推測三個收到了同樣的文本。thesame:同樣的,故選A。
(9)考查動詞。句意:所有這三個人都收到了同樣的文本,但是只有Jackie的回答使公司的三個人滿意。根據(jù)后文Jackiesaid“thankyou”.Jackie說“謝謝”,可知她的回答令人滿意,satisfy:使······滿意,故選B。
(10)考查形容詞。句意:這個回答表明Jackie是個禮貌的人,因此公司提供給她這份工作。A.勇敢,B.聰明,C.禮貌,D.誠實,根據(jù)語境可知Jackie對應(yīng)聘工作被拒的短信回復(fù)了“謝謝”說明她是禮貌的,故選C。
【點評】考查詞匯短語句式等在語境中的運用,首先通讀全文,掌握大意,然后根據(jù)語境、語法、上下文、邏輯推理斟酌字句選出正確答案,最后通讀全文,確保通順、完整。3.【答案】(1)A(2)C(3)B(4)C(5)D【解析】【分析】文章大意:主要講述了Lin的第十一歲生日禮物對他人生的影響。
(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章原句Helikedtheideaoftakingbeautifulpicturesbutthenoticesaidthateachstudentneededtheirowncamera.AlthoughLin'sfamilyweren'tpoor,theyweren'tricheither,andacameracostalotofmoney.Lin喜歡攝影,但是注意到每個學(xué)生需要他們自己的照相機。盡管Lin家不窮,他們也不富,一臺照相機花很多錢??芍狶in沒有選擇攝影是因為它太貴,故選A。
(2)猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文中原句Thenextcoursetocatchhiseyewas"LanguageArt".可知第二個吸引他的眼球的是“語言藝術(shù)”。catchone'seye就是吸引他的注意力的意思,故選C。
(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中原句"Cooking"soundedlikesomethinghe'dliketodo.Itwasinexpensiveandconvenient,itcouldbedonealoneanditwasalsocreative.“烹飪”聽起來像他喜歡做的事情。它不貴,方便,可以單獨被完成,也具有創(chuàng)造性,以及Lin,ashyboy,Lin,一個害羞的男孩,可知廚師專業(yè)適合Lin的性格,故選B。
(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中原句BasedonLin'shobbyhistory,hisdadhaddoubts,butheagreed.Muchtohisparents'surprise,Linkepthispromise.以Lin的愛好歷史為基礎(chǔ),他的父親有些懷疑,但是他同意了。使他的父母驚訝的是,Lin遵守了諾言,可知他的父母不相信Lin能堅持學(xué)廚師,故選C。
(5)主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句Forhiseleventhbirthday,Linwasgivenagiftthatwouldshapehislife.在他十一歲的生日,Lin被給了一個構(gòu)建他的人生的禮物,以及后文的內(nèi)容可知文章主要講了生日禮物改變了Lin的一生,故選D。
【點評】考查閱讀理解能力。首先通讀全文,掌握大意,然后根據(jù)問題在文中找到細(xì)節(jié)和依據(jù),鎖定答案。4.【答案】(1)A(2)D(3)B(4)D(5)C【解析】【分析】大意:本文講述了飯館形成的發(fā)展史。
(1)主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文章主要講述了飯館是怎樣形成的,故選A。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中原句Therewasnowhereinwhichawaiterbroughtyoufoodanddrinkthatyoupickedfromamenu.沒有地方服務(wù)生帶來你在菜單上點的食物和飲料,可知飯館不同于以前吃飯的地方是你從菜單上點菜,故選D。
(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中原句Atthattime,soupswereconsideredsomethingthatcouldhelp"restore"(恢復(fù))yourhealth-inFrenchtheword"restore"is“restaurer”—sohecalledthesoups"restaurants".當(dāng)時,湯被認(rèn)為是能夠幫助“恢復(fù)”你的健康的某些東西——在法語中,單詞“restore”是“restaurer”——因此他稱湯為“restaurants”??芍枰謴?fù)健康的人是病人,故選B。
(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中原句sohecalledthesoups"restaurants".因此他稱湯為“restaurants”,故選D。
(5)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中原句Bythemid-1800s,thereweremanytypesofrestaurantsthroughouttheworld.到19世紀(jì)中期,在世界各地都有了許多類型的飯館??芍堭^是在19世紀(jì)變得國際化,故選C?!军c評】考查閱讀理解能力。在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上,在原文中找出每個問題的依據(jù),非常容易選出正確答案。5.【答案】(1)C(2)D(3)B(4)B(5)A【解析】【分析】文章大意:主要介紹了太空的垃圾以及處理辦法。
(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。these總是代指上文出現(xiàn)的事物,根據(jù)前句AccordingtoBBCNews,therearemorethan22,000piecesofspacejunkfloatingaroundtheearth.根據(jù)BBC新聞,有超過兩萬兩千片空間垃圾漂浮在地球的周圍,可知these指的是morethan22,000piecesofspacejunk,故選C。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知這些太空垃圾飛行速度非常快,甚至非常小的塊會撞擊重要的衛(wèi)星,或?qū)τ詈絾T變得危險,如果最小的垃圾撞進宇宙飛船,它可能會損害宇宙飛船,故選D。
(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Toreduceadditionalspacejunk,countrieshaveagreedthatallnewspacetoolscanonlystayinspacefor25yearsatmost.Eachtoolmustbebuilttofallsafelyintotheearth'satmosphereafterthattime.為了減少附加的太空垃圾,國家們已經(jīng)同意所有的太空工具至多在在太空呆25年,在那段時間后被建的每個工具必須安全落回到地球的大氣中??芍@樣做是為了不讓這些工具成為太空垃圾,故選B。
(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheGermansarebuildingrobotsthatcancollectpiecesofspacejunkandbringthembacktoEarthtobesafelydestroyed.德國人在建能收集太空垃圾碎片的機器人,把垃圾帶回地球安全毀壞,故選B。
(5)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章大意可知寫這篇文章是為了保護地球環(huán)境,因此這篇文章可能會在報紙的環(huán)境部分出現(xiàn),故選A。
【點評】考查閱讀理解能力。首先通讀全文,掌握大意,然后根據(jù)問題在文章中找到細(xì)節(jié),選出正確答案。6.【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)D(4)D(5)A【解析】【分析】文章大意:介紹了適合孩子們看的這個月的最暢銷書。
(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章原句Thismonth'smostpopularbooks這個月最受歡迎的書,可知這些書都是以受歡迎度來排列的,故選B。
(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章原句Thisbookisagreatintroductiontothelivesandworksofsomeofthemostimportantandup-to-nowunknownwomeninscience.這本書是關(guān)于一些最重要直到現(xiàn)在為主在科學(xué)上不出名的女人的生活和工作的介紹,故選C。
(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章原句FirstBigbookofHowbyJillEsbaumPrice$15以及AReallyShortHistoryofNearlyEverythingbyBillBrysonPrice$15可知訂購這兩本書需要15+15=30美元,再根據(jù)Forthismonthonly,allBestbooksBookClubmemberswillpay20%lessforeverybookordered.可知會員訂購的書便宜20%,30-30*20%=24,故選D。
(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。問題:需要寫非洲大象的科學(xué)報道的小學(xué)學(xué)生應(yīng)該選擇______,根據(jù)文章原句Thisbookistheperfectintroductiontothesevencontinents.Ittellsyoungreadersaboutthedifferentanimalsthatliveoneachoftheselandsandgivesasimpledescriptionofthepeople'shistoryandculture.可知這本書是七大洲的完美介紹,它告訴小讀者在這些陸地上不同的動物,簡明介紹了人們的歷史和文化,故選D。
(5)寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章大意可知介紹這些書是為了把它們賣給小讀者們,故選A。
【點評】考查閱讀理解能力。首先通讀全文,掌握大意,然后根據(jù)問題在文章中找到依據(jù),選出正確答案。7.【答案】B;A;E;C;D【解析】【分析】文章大意:文章主要講述了電話真正的發(fā)明家是Meucci,而不是AlexanderGrahamBell。
(1)根據(jù)上文MostofusthinkthetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBell.我們大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為電話是AlexanderGrahamBell發(fā)明的,以及后文Infact,anItaliannamedAntonioMeucciwasofficiallyrecognised(認(rèn)定)astheinventorafewyearsago.事實上,一年前一個名叫AntonioMeucci的意大利人被官方認(rèn)定是發(fā)明家??芍@句是然而,他不是第一個想起這個主意的人,故選B。
(2)根據(jù)上文Duringhisstudies,Meuccistartedtoexperimentwithelectricity.在他研究期間,Meucci開始用電做實驗。以及下文Whentwoplaceswereconnectedwithwire,peopleinthoseplacescouldheareachothertalk.當(dāng)兩地被用電線連接的時候,在這些地方的人們能互相聽見說話??芍@句是他發(fā)現(xiàn)聲音能通過金屬電纜傳播,故選A。
(3)根據(jù)上文Meucciwasworriedabouthiswife,becauseshehadbecomeveryill.Meucci擔(dān)心他的妻子,因為她病得很嚴(yán)重。可知這句是:他需要一直和他的妻子保持聯(lián)系,故選E。
(4)根據(jù)上文Meucciinvitedagroupofpeopletoseehisnewinvention.Meucci邀請了一群人去看他的新發(fā)明。以及后文Evenworse,Meuccineverappliedforapatent(專利)onhisinvention.更糟糕的是,Meucci從來沒有申請發(fā)明的專利??芍@句
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