新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題10 閱讀理解之猜詞題（原卷版）

專題10閱讀理解之猜詞題（原卷版）猜詞悟義是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力，也是高考閱讀理解中必考的題型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。同時，考生應(yīng)掌握一些猜詞技巧，通過定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、同義、反義、構(gòu)詞、常識及上下文線索等確定詞義。一、思維導(dǎo)圖二、方法點撥 1.設(shè)問方式Theunderlinedword“…”refersto/(probably)means.“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas…Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“…”refertointhelastparagraph?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“…”?Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby…Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?Whatdoestheauthormeanby“…”inparagraph2? 2.七大技巧1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋。標(biāo)點符號，如逗號后的解釋(名詞同位語)、破折號后的解釋、括號內(nèi)的解釋等。這都是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：例子1Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.【真題小練】(浙江2019.6閱讀理解B）Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."()Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時后面緊跟一個同位語，對前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋，因此可利用同位關(guān)系對前面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測。例如：例子2IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.29．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A．provider B．deliverymanC．collector D．medicaldoctor3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生等)進(jìn)行猜測在英語中，有很多詞可以通過增加前綴和后綴的方式，構(gòu)成新詞。乍看起來，這個詞可能是新詞，但在掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識之后，就不難猜出它的詞義。例如：①“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10，”Anacleriosaid,“andthey'reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前綴inter-(相互的)和active(活動的，活躍的)構(gòu)成的，同時根據(jù)上下文的意思可以判斷，該詞的含義應(yīng)是“互動的”。②Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷possibility的意思是“可能性”。例子3Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,_orworry.(全國II2014閱讀理解A）Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallpapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers...Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyreturnedtheimportantdocumentstousthatday,butalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?showed.B.sentout.C.delivered.D.gaveback4.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。例如：例子4Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“softserve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．Adessert. B．Adrink.C．Acontainer. D．Amachine.5.根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指代一件事。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，要認(rèn)真查找；有時也需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事物。例如：例子5[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.[3]It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.6.根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)、重復(fù)，有時會使用意思相同或相近的詞。因此，考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個詞的意思，就能猜出另外一個詞的意思。[例](2018·全國卷Ⅲ閱讀D節(jié)選)Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.例子6…32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Themore,thebetter.B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries.D．Earnmoreandspendmore.7.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,otherwise等可以推斷上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而可以依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。例如：①Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;_itcanbeabasketoffun.從分號前后兩句的意思可以看出，hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意義，所以不難判斷hassle的意思是“困難，麻煩”。②Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根據(jù)后半句的意思“她今天第一節(jié)課上了一半才來”，可得出她平時一向“準(zhǔn)時”的結(jié)論。③TheplayersintheWorldCupareprofessionals,whilethosewhoplayintheOlympicsmustbeamateurs.由于轉(zhuǎn)折詞“while”引導(dǎo)的兩個分句前后意義相反，我們可推測出amateurs是professionals(專業(yè)人士)的反義詞，意思為“業(yè)余人士，業(yè)余選手”。例子7…GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?A．Tested. B．Separated.C．Forcedout. D．Trackeddown.三、高考真題2022年6月新高考1卷C篇WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.2022年6月全國甲卷C篇AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.2022年6月全國乙卷C篇Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.2022年6月北京卷D篇Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.2022年6月浙江卷CHowlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”,saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Socialinteractionhasbeenshowntoliftmood(情緒)andgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B.Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C.Acheerfulmoodhelpsmakeacreativemind.D.Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.2022年1月浙江卷AFornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis（危機(jī)）inthelate2000s．Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地產(chǎn)）firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn’ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesher

wanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.22.Theword“wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto?A.makemoney.

B.tryvariousjobs.C.beclosetonature.

D.traveltodifferentplaces.2021年6月北京卷CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas"acrediblescenario（情景）thiscentury".Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespecially

germane

inthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars'warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（簽署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe"ecologicalfootprint"concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,"itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,"Johnsonsaidinanemail.Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,theDecemberwarninglettersays,canwehavethehopetoreducetheir"speed,severityandharm".Andyetmessengersofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（執(zhí)著）onquietinghopethatignorespreparedness."Let'slookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,"theysay,"anddealwiththeterriblepossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture."1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"germane"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.2.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris

.A.worriedB.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared2021年6月新高考I卷（C篇）WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourseswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadesto

decimate

alargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（棲息地）.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.2021年6月新高考二卷B篇Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.2021年6月全國甲卷（C篇）WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:

"Safe!Safe!Safe!"

Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"Safe!Safe!Safe!"probablymean?A.Becareful!B.Welldone!C.Noway!D.Don'tworry.2021.6全國乙卷B篇Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athird

concede

thatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.2Whatdoestheunderlinedword

"concede"

inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.2021年6月浙江卷B篇Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.Theresultwas

ProjectWildThing,afilmwhich

charts

thebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2?A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms2021年3月天津卷B篇Thepoignancy（酸楚）ofJordanretiringfromhisbelovedbasketballtoplaybaseballandwhathadpushedhimtomakesuchatoughdecisiontookmebysurprise.AsIwatchedhimtakeoffhisbasketballuniformandreplaceitwithabaseballuniform,Isawhim

leavingbehindthelayer

thatnolongerservedhim,justasourlizardhad.Neitherofthemchosethemomentthathadtransformedthem.Buttheyhadtolivewithwhotheywereaftereverythingwasdifferent.Justlikeus.Irealizedthatwehavetolearntoleavethepastbehind.Humansdonotshedskin（蛻皮）aseasilyasotheranimals.Thebeginningofchangeisupsetting.Theprocessistiring.Damagechangesusbeforeweareready.Iseeourlizard,rawandnearlynew.Jordansaidthatnomatterhowitends,itstartswithhope.Withourtender,hopefulskin,thatiswherewebegin.4.Theunderlinedpart"leaving

behind

the

layer"inParagraph8canbeunderstoodas

.A.lettinggoofthepastB.lookingforanewjobC.gettingridofabadhabitD.givingupanopportunity2021年1月浙江卷C篇Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother'sbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies（物種）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing"."Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthe

gulf

remains."3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.2021全國乙卷B篇Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機(jī)）?Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athird

concede

thatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword

"concede"

inparagraph3mean?A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.2021新高考1卷C篇WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourseswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadesto

decimate

alargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（棲息地）.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.2020全國卷I卷B篇Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.true,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,allaboutthepresent.aboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(隨筆)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortázar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,youthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.26.()Whatdoestheunderlinedword“currency”inparagraph4referto?A.Debt.B.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.2020北京卷D篇CertainformsofAIareindeedbecoming

ubiquitous.Forexample,algorithms（算法）carryouthugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,self-drivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystemsaresometimesfasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.Butsofarthatisonlytrueforthespecifictasksforwhichthesystemshavebeendesigned.ThatissomethingthatsomeAIdevelopersarenoweagertochange.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ubiquitous"inParagraph1probablymean?A.Enormousinquantity.B.Changeabledaily.C.Stableinquality.D.Presenteverywhere.2020全國2.C篇NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild."Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies（物種）.It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus,"saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutria

collapsed

inthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"collapsed"inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.2020全國3.B篇Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,is

keepingtabson

morethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants","TheHangoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper",havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.2020.7浙江卷（B篇）ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.B.Shortenedtrafficsignalcycle.C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.2020.5天津卷（C篇）Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment,italsomakessoundfinancialsense:asmallaircraftuses＄400onconventionalfuelfora100-mileflight,whileanelectriconecosts＄8—12forthesamedistance,andthat'sbeforeyoufactorinthehighermaintenancecostsofatraditionalengine.There'salsothe

addedbonus

thatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.Whiletherehasbeenrealprogressinthee-planeindustry,thetechnicalchallengesthatremainarekeepingeveryone'sfeetfirmlyontheground.Abattery,evenalithiumone,onlyprovides250watt-hoursperkilogram;comparethistoliquidfuel,whichhasaspecificenergyof11,890watt-hoursperkilogram.Carryingadequatebatteries,however,wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft,whereeverybitofweightcounts,thiscan'tjustbeignored.3.Theexpression"addedbonus"referstothefact