2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit2MoralsandVirtues單元加餐練習(xí)題含解析新人教版必修第三冊(cè)

Unit2MoralsandVirtues單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解Thelargest-everstudyofthelinkbetweencitywalkabilityandhighbloodpressurehasbeenconsideredasevidenceofthe“invisiblevalueofurbandesign”inimprovinglong-termhealthoutcomessayresearchers.Thestudyofaround430,000peopleagedbetween38and73andlivingin22UKcitiesfoundsignificantconnectionsbetweentheincreasedwalkabilityofaneighborhoodandreducedriskofhighbloodpressureamongitsresidents(居民)．Theresultsremainedthesameevenafterlifestylesandphysicalenvironmentwerechanged,thoughtheprotectiveeffectswereparticularlypronouncedamongparticipantsagedbetween50and60,women,andthoselivinginheavilypopulatedareasandpoorneighborhoods.ThepaperwaspublishedintheInternationalJournalofHygieneandEnvironmentalHealth.Withhighbloodpressureamajorriskfactorforchronic(慢性的)andparticularlyheartdiseases,researchersattheUniversityofHongKongandOxfordUniversitysaidthefindingsshowedtheneedtotakenoticeofthehealth-influencingfactorinurbandesign.“Wearespendingbillionsofpoundsinpreventingandcuringheartdiseases—ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity-friendlyandwalkable,thenprobably,wewillhavesignificantsavingsinfuturehealthcareexpenses.”Poorlydesignedspacesgenerallyreducedwalkingandphysicalactivity,promotingthelifestylesoflongtimesittingdownandnotmoving,andwereharmfultosocialcommunication,andassuchrelatedtopoorermentalandphysicalhealth.Becausewalkabilitywas“basedonthepotential(潛在的)designofthecity”，saidDrChinmoySarkar,citiescouldbeadaptedordesignedtoencourageit.“Suchinvestmentsinhealthydesignarelikelytobringinlong-termgainsastheyarelastingandcommon.”本文為說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了探討發(fā)覺(jué)步行實(shí)力的增加能降低人們得慢性病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。專家呼吁城市建設(shè)要充分考慮城市設(shè)計(jì)的無(wú)形價(jià)值，通過(guò)讓城市更加環(huán)保和相宜行走來(lái)提高人們的健康指數(shù)。1．Whatisprobablytheresultifweconsider“invisiblevalueofurbandesign”？A．Theageingpopulationwillbereduced.B．Ourcitieswillbemorewalkableandactivity-friendly.C．Moremoneywillbeinvestedinpreventingandcuringheartdiseases.D．Thepaceofurbanizationwillbesloweddown.答案：B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity-friendlyandwalkable.”可知，假如我們能夠通過(guò)對(duì)社區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)的微小變更來(lái)投資于創(chuàng)建健康的城市，使其更易于活動(dòng)和步行。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B。2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthestudy?A．Youngpeoplearemorelikelytobenefitfromincreasedwalkability.B．Walkablecitieswillcureapersonofhisorherhighbloodpressure.C．Chronicdiseasesarebecomingcommonforpeople'sinattentiontotheirhealth.D．Walkablecitiescanhelpreducebloodpressureandtheriskofheartdiseases.答案：D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Thestudyofaround430,000peopleagedbetween38and73andlivingin22UKcitiesfoundsignificantconnectionsbetweentheincreasedwalkabilityofaneighborhoodandreducedriskofhighbloodpressureamongitsresidents(居民)．”可知，探討發(fā)覺(jué)，相宜步行的城市可以幫助降低高血壓和心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。分析選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)符合題意，故選D。3．Whatisn'ttheeffectsofpoorly-designedneighborhoods?A．Worseeconomy. B．Unhealthylifestyle.C．Fewersocialcommunication. D．Poorerhealth.答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段“Poorlydesignedspacesgenerallyreducedwalkingandphysicalactivity,promotingthelifestylesoflongtimesittingdownandnotmoving,andwereharmfultosocialcommunication,andassuchrelatedtopoorermentalandphysicalhealth.”可知，空間設(shè)計(jì)不好通常會(huì)削減步行和身體活動(dòng)，促使長(zhǎng)時(shí)間坐著不動(dòng)的生活方式，對(duì)社會(huì)溝通有害處，因此導(dǎo)致精神和身體健康較差。由此可得出，與經(jīng)濟(jì)無(wú)關(guān)，故選A。4．WhatdoesDrChinmoySarkarmean?A．Citiesshouldencouragetheresidentstoengageinsocialcommunication.B．Thedesignofourneighborhoodsshouldmeetpeople'sneedsforshopping.C．Moneyinvestedincreatinghealthycitiesismoneysavedinfuturehealthcareexpenses.D．Chronicdiseaseswillbecommonbecauseofpollutionandtheenvironmentchange.答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity-friendlyandwalkable,thenprobably,wewillhavesignificantsavingsinfuturehealthcareexpenses.”可知，假如我們能夠通過(guò)對(duì)社區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)的微小變更來(lái)投資于創(chuàng)建健康的城市，使其更易于活動(dòng)和步行，那么在將來(lái)我們可能會(huì)在醫(yī)療方面節(jié)約大量資金。由此可推斷出投資于創(chuàng)建健康城市的錢是為將來(lái)的醫(yī)療開支節(jié)約的錢，故選C。Ⅱ.七選五Formostofus,stressisarealityandlearninghowtodealwithitisveryimportantinourgrowth.Afterall,stressgoeshandinhandwithchange,andourlifeisallaboutchange.__1__Weallbehaveabitdifferentlyaccordingtodifferenttypesofstress.Herearesomehelpfultipstohelpyou.Eatright.Colaandchocolatearenotthebestwaytokeephealthy.__2__Getmoving.Mostofoureverydaystressisrelatedtoschool,work,oralotofemotionalproblems.__3__Whenweareunderalotofstress,ourbodiescandevelopalotofmuscletension.Regularexercisecanhelpyourelaxandfeelbetter.__4__Essayswon'twritethemselves,andgoodgradesrequirehardwork,butdon'tthinkmuchaboutthebadthings.Giveyourselfpraisewhereyoucanimproveyourself.Stressisaclearsignofworry,butitdoesn'tmeanyoursituationishopeless.Speakup.Thebreakupofyourfavoriterockbandisn'ttheendoftheworld,butsometimeslifethrowssomerealproblemsatyou.Butdon'tletthestresseatyouup.__5__Ifyou'refeelingseriouslyunhappyandunabletokeepupwithschoolandlife,speaktoafamilymemberoryourdoctor.A．Staypositive.B．Talktoatrustedfriend.C．Peoplecouldnotthinkclearlywhenunderstress.D．Theolderapersonis,themorestressedhefeels.E．Thereissimplynowaytogetawayfromstresscompletely.F．However,abitofphysicalactivitycanhelpusworkitoff.G．Sure,everyonelikesalittlecomfortfood,butyouwillneedabalanceddiet.這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文向讀者介紹了如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的一些小竅門。1．E解析：由“Afterall,stressgoeshandinhandwithchange,andourlifeisallaboutchange.__1__Weallbehaveabitdifferentlyaccordingtodifferenttypesofstress”可知，終歸，壓力與變更相伴而生，而我們的生活就是關(guān)于變更的。我們每個(gè)人的行為都因壓力的不同而有所不同。所以小題1起到承上啟下的作用。故E選項(xiàng)“根本沒(méi)有完全擺脫壓力的方法”符合句意。故E選項(xiàng)切題。2．G解析：由標(biāo)題“Eatright”可知，小題2要與上一句一同來(lái)說(shuō)明如何正確地飲食。故G選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)然，每個(gè)人都喜愛(ài)吃令人心情開心的食物，但你須要均衡的飲食”符合句意。故G選項(xiàng)切題。3．F解析：由“Mostofoureverydaystressisrelatedtoschool,work,oralotofemotionalproblems”可知，我們每天的壓力大多與學(xué)校、工作或很多心情問(wèn)題有關(guān)。所以小題3與上一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故F選項(xiàng)“然而，少量的體育活動(dòng)可以幫助我們消退壓力”符合句意。故F選項(xiàng)切題。4．A解析：由“Essayswon'twritethemselves,andgoodgradesrequirehardwork,butdon'tthinkmuchaboutthebadthings.Giveyourselfpraisewhereyoucanimproveyourself.Stressisaclearsignofworry,butitdoesn'tmeanyoursituationishopeless.”可知，作文不會(huì)自己寫好，好的成果須要努力才能獲得，但不要對(duì)壞的事情想得太多。在能提高自己的地方表?yè)P(yáng)自己。壓力是一種明顯的憂慮跡象，但并不意味著你的境況是無(wú)望的。所以本段主要在說(shuō)明要保持主動(dòng)的心態(tài)也就是小題4本段的小標(biāo)題所要說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容。故A選項(xiàng)“保持主動(dòng)的心態(tài)”符合句意。故A選項(xiàng)切題。5．B解析：由“Butdon'tletthestresseatyouup.”可知，但是不要讓壓力吞噬你。所以小題5要說(shuō)明應(yīng)當(dāng)詳細(xì)怎么做以此來(lái)呼應(yīng)標(biāo)題和承接下文。故B選項(xiàng)“和值得信任的摯友談一談”符合句意。故B選項(xiàng)切題。Ⅲ.完形填空TheSecretofHappinessAnoldmanwalkedslowlyintoarestaurantwithhiscane(拐杖).His__1__overcoatandworn-outshoesmadehimstandout(突出)fromtheusualSaturdaymorningbreakfastcrowd.AyoungwaitressnamedMarywatchedhimmovetowarda__2__bythewindow.Maryranovertohim,andsaid,“Here,Sir.Letmegiveyouahandwiththat__3__.”Without__4__aword,hesmiledandnoddedathank-you.Shepulledthechairawayfromthetableandhelpedhimgetseated__5__.Inasoft,clear__6__hesaid,“Thankyou,Miss.Andthankyouforyour__7__.”“You'rewelcome,Sir，”sheresponded.“I'llbe__8__inamoment,andifyouneedanythinginthemeantime,justwaveatme！”Afterhehadfinisheda__9__meal,Maryhelpedhimupfromhischair,__10__himhiscane,andwalkedwithhimtothefrontdoor.Holdingthedooropenforhim,shesaid,“Comebackandseeus,Sir！”Theoldman__11__aroundandsmiled.WhenMarywenttocleanhistable,shewas__12__tofindabusinesscard,aone-hundred-dollarbillanda__13__whichread,“DearMary,Irespectyouverymuch,andyourespectyourselftoo.Itshowsthewayyoutreatothers.Youhavefoundthesecretof__14__！Yourkindgestureswillshinethroughthosewhomeetyou.”Actuallythemanshehadservedwasthe__15__oftherestaurant.Thatwasthefirsttimethatsheoranyofhisemployeeshadseenhim.本文是一篇記敘文。主要講的是年輕的女服務(wù)員幫助一位行動(dòng)不便的老人就餐，并且多加照看。待送走老人后，驚異地發(fā)覺(jué)這位老人因?yàn)樗蜕频呐e動(dòng)嘉獎(jiǎng)了她一張100元的支票和感謝卡，在感謝卡上告知她找到了歡樂(lè)的隱私。原來(lái)他就是店里的老板，這是女服務(wù)員和其他店員第一次望見他。1．A.clean B．oldC．strange D．funny答案：B解析：考查形容詞辨析。A.干凈的；B.舊的；C.驚奇的；D.好笑的。依據(jù)第一段其次句中，worn-outshoesmadehimstandout穿破了的鞋讓他看起來(lái)特別惹眼，因此老人的衣服也應(yīng)當(dāng)是舊的。故選B。2．A.roomB．waiterC．tableD．girl答案：C解析：考查名詞辨析。A.房間；B.服務(wù)員；C.桌子；D.女孩。依據(jù)句意老人進(jìn)入餐廳應(yīng)當(dāng)是走向桌子。故選C。3．A.chairB．dishC．deskD．menu答案：A解析：考查名詞辨析。A.椅子；B.盤子；C.書桌；D.菜單。依據(jù)句意，老人行動(dòng)不便，瑪麗走過(guò)去應(yīng)當(dāng)是幫助老人坐下來(lái)，因此是幫他放好椅子。故選A。4．A.saying B．speakingC．reading D．telling答案：A解析：考查固定搭配。A.說(shuō)；B.講；C.讀；D.告知。Withoutsayingaword是固定搭配，意為一言不發(fā)。句意：老人沒(méi)說(shuō)一句話，微笑著點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭以表感謝。故選A。5．A.sadlyB．quietlyC．graduallyD．safely答案：D解析：考查副詞辨析。A.哀痛地；B.寧?kù)o地；C.慢慢地；D.平安地。依據(jù)句意瑪麗把椅子挪開，幫助老人平安地坐上去。故選D。6．A.languageB．soundC．a(chǎn)ttitudeD．voice答案：D解析：考查名詞辨析。A.語(yǔ)言；B.聲音；C.看法；D.聲音。sound做聲音主要指人或動(dòng)物發(fā)出的聲音，或物體碰撞的聲音，運(yùn)用范圍很大；voice一般指人的聲音、說(shuō)話、唱歌。此處是指老人說(shuō)話的聲音很溫柔干凈。故選D。7．A.attention B．kindnessC．invitation D．cooperation答案：B解析：考查名詞辨析。A.關(guān)注；B.和善；C.邀請(qǐng)；D.合作。依據(jù)上文瑪麗幫助了老人入座，此處老人應(yīng)當(dāng)是感謝她的和善。故選B。8．A.readyB．busyC．backD．fine答案：C解析：考查形容詞辨析。A.打算好的；B.勞碌的；C.向后的；D.好的。beready打算好；bebusy勞碌；beback回來(lái)；befine好的。依據(jù)句意瑪麗說(shuō)如有什么須要，老人可以向她招手，她便過(guò)來(lái)。故選C。9．A.cheap B．expensiveC．terrible D．delicious答案：D解析：考查形容詞辨析。A.便宜的；B.貴的；C.糟糕的；D.美味的。結(jié)合上下文這頓飯是貴是便宜無(wú)從得知，老人享用后沒(méi)有埋怨，因此是美味的。故選D。10．A.showedB．handedC．lentD．took答案：B解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.表現(xiàn)；B.給；C.借；D.拿走。依據(jù)句意瑪麗幫老人站起來(lái)，遞給了他拐杖。故選B。11．A.turnedB．walkedC．lookedD．moved答案：A解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A.turnaround轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身；B.walkaround游蕩；C.lookaround東張西望；D.movearound走來(lái)走去。依據(jù)句意老人走到門口轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)對(duì)她笑了一下。故選A。12．A.excited B．worriedC．disappointed D．surprised答案：D解析：考查形容詞辨析。A.興奮的；B.擔(dān)憂的；C.悲觀的；D.驚異的。依據(jù)下文中瑪麗并不知道桌上會(huì)出名片和支票，因此是感到驚異。故選D。13．A.noteB．tipC．messageD．title答案：A解析：考查名詞辨析。A.便條；B.建議；C.信息；D.題目。依據(jù)句意，老人留了一張名片，一張支票和一張便條。故選A。14．A.kindness B．unselfishnessC．happiness D．helpfulness答案：C解析：考查名詞辨析。A.和善；B.無(wú)私；C.歡樂(lè)；D.有用。依據(jù)文章標(biāo)題——?dú)g樂(lè)的隱私。故選C。15．A.customerB．ownerC．partnerD．host答案：B解析：考查名詞辨析。A.顧客；B.物主；C.合伙人；D.(聚會(huì)的)主子。依據(jù)上下文老人應(yīng)當(dāng)是這家餐廳的主子。故選B。Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要?！癏elicopterparents”isadescriptionofparentswhoarehoveringovertheirchildreninastateofextremeconcern.Theyalwaysshowuptosolvetheirchildren'sproblems,protectthemfromrealorimaginedharm,resolvestressfulsituation,offeradviceandgetthemoutoftrouble,eveniftheymisbehaved.Althoughoutofloveandconcern,itcanhaveharmfuleffectontheirchildren'semotionaldevelopmentandfutureautonomy.Childrenlearnthroughtheirmistakes.Butifyouintervene(介入)atfirstsignofstruggleandfinishyourchild'shomework,he'llmissoutonvaluablelearningopportunities.You'resendinghimthemessagethatheneedstobeperfectandfailureisnotanoption,otherwiseyouwouldn'talwaystakeoverforhim.Byconstantlyrescuingyourchildfromstressfulsituation,you'resendinghimamessagethatyoudon'tbelievehe'scapableoftakingcareofhimself.Childrendevelopself-esteembylearninghowtocompletechallengeontheirown.Ifyouarealwaysintervening,he'sdeniedthisvitalstageinhisgrowth.Asaresult,yourchildmaylacktheconfidencenecessarytodowellinschool,pursuehobbiesandinterests,anddevelopfriendships.Ifyou'realwaystakingcareofeverythingforyourchild,it'llbemoredifficultforhimtobecomeindependent.Asanadult,hemightfindithardtotakecareofhimself,becausehe'snever