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Unit2MoralsandVirtues單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解Thelargest-everstudyofthelinkbetweencitywalkabilityandhighbloodpressurehasbeenconsideredasevidenceofthe“invisiblevalueofurbandesign”inimprovinglong-termhealthoutcomessayresearchers.Thestudyofaround430,000peopleagedbetween38and73andlivingin22UKcitiesfoundsignificantconnectionsbetweentheincreasedwalkabilityofaneighborhoodandreducedriskofhighbloodpressureamongitsresidents(居民).Theresultsremainedthesameevenafterlifestylesandphysicalenvironmentwerechanged,thoughtheprotectiveeffectswereparticularlypronouncedamongparticipantsagedbetween50and60,women,andthoselivinginheavilypopulatedareasandpoorneighborhoods.ThepaperwaspublishedintheInternationalJournalofHygieneandEnvironmentalHealth.Withhighbloodpressureamajorriskfactorforchronic(慢性的)andparticularlyheartdiseases,researchersattheUniversityofHongKongandOxfordUniversitysaidthefindingsshowedtheneedtotakenoticeofthehealth-influencingfactorinurbandesign.“Wearespendingbillionsofpoundsinpreventingandcuringheartdiseases—ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity-friendlyandwalkable,thenprobably,wewillhavesignificantsavingsinfuturehealthcareexpenses.”Poorlydesignedspacesgenerallyreducedwalkingandphysicalactivity,promotingthelifestylesoflongtimesittingdownandnotmoving,andwereharmfultosocialcommunication,andassuchrelatedtopoorermentalandphysicalhealth.Becausewalkabilitywas“basedonthepotential(潛在的)designofthecity”,saidDrChinmoySarkar,citiescouldbeadaptedordesignedtoencourageit.“Suchinvestmentsinhealthydesignarelikelytobringinlong-termgainsastheyarelastingandcommon.”本文為說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了探討發(fā)覺(jué)步行實(shí)力的增加能降低人們得慢性病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。專家呼吁城市建設(shè)要充分考慮城市設(shè)計(jì)的無(wú)形價(jià)值,通過(guò)讓城市更加環(huán)保和相宜行走來(lái)提高人們的健康指數(shù)。1.Whatisprobablytheresultifweconsider“invisiblevalueofurbandesign”?A.Theageingpopulationwillbereduced.B.Ourcitieswillbemorewalkableandactivity-friendly.C.Moremoneywillbeinvestedinpreventingandcuringheartdiseases.D.Thepaceofurbanizationwillbesloweddown.答案:B解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity-friendlyandwalkable.”可知,假如我們能夠通過(guò)對(duì)社區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)的微小變更來(lái)投資于創(chuàng)建健康的城市,使其更易于活動(dòng)和步行。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)符合題意,故選B。2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthestudy?A.Youngpeoplearemorelikelytobenefitfromincreasedwalkability.B.Walkablecitieswillcureapersonofhisorherhighbloodpressure.C.Chronicdiseasesarebecomingcommonforpeople'sinattentiontotheirhealth.D.Walkablecitiescanhelpreducebloodpressureandtheriskofheartdiseases.答案:D解析:推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Thestudyofaround430,000peopleagedbetween38and73andlivingin22UKcitiesfoundsignificantconnectionsbetweentheincreasedwalkabilityofaneighborhoodandreducedriskofhighbloodpressureamongitsresidents(居民).”可知,探討發(fā)覺(jué),相宜步行的城市可以幫助降低高血壓和心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。分析選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)符合題意,故選D。3.Whatisn'ttheeffectsofpoorly-designedneighborhoods?A.Worseeconomy. B.Unhealthylifestyle.C.Fewersocialcommunication. D.Poorerhealth.答案:A解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段“Poorlydesignedspacesgenerallyreducedwalkingandphysicalactivity,promotingthelifestylesoflongtimesittingdownandnotmoving,andwereharmfultosocialcommunication,andassuchrelatedtopoorermentalandphysicalhealth.”可知,空間設(shè)計(jì)不好通常會(huì)削減步行和身體活動(dòng),促使長(zhǎng)時(shí)間坐著不動(dòng)的生活方式,對(duì)社會(huì)溝通有害處,因此導(dǎo)致精神和身體健康較差。由此可得出,與經(jīng)濟(jì)無(wú)關(guān),故選A。4.WhatdoesDrChinmoySarkarmean?A.Citiesshouldencouragetheresidentstoengageinsocialcommunication.B.Thedesignofourneighborhoodsshouldmeetpeople'sneedsforshopping.C.Moneyinvestedincreatinghealthycitiesismoneysavedinfuturehealthcareexpenses.D.Chronicdiseaseswillbecommonbecauseofpollutionandtheenvironmentchange.答案:C解析:細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“ifweareabletoinvestincreatinghealthycitiesthroughsmallchangesinthedesignofourneighborhoodstomakethemmoreactivity-friendlyandwalkable,thenprobably,wewillhavesignificantsavingsinfuturehealthcareexpenses.”可知,假如我們能夠通過(guò)對(duì)社區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)的微小變更來(lái)投資于創(chuàng)建健康的城市,使其更易于活動(dòng)和步行,那么在將來(lái)我們可能會(huì)在醫(yī)療方面節(jié)約大量資金。由此可推斷出投資于創(chuàng)建健康城市的錢是為將來(lái)的醫(yī)療開支節(jié)約的錢,故選C。Ⅱ.七選五Formostofus,stressisarealityandlearninghowtodealwithitisveryimportantinourgrowth.Afterall,stressgoeshandinhandwithchange,andourlifeisallaboutchange.__1__Weallbehaveabitdifferentlyaccordingtodifferenttypesofstress.Herearesomehelpfultipstohelpyou.Eatright.Colaandchocolatearenotthebestwaytokeephealthy.__2__Getmoving.Mostofoureverydaystressisrelatedtoschool,work,oralotofemotionalproblems.__3__Whenweareunderalotofstress,ourbodiescandevelopalotofmuscletension.Regularexercisecanhelpyourelaxandfeelbetter.__4__Essayswon'twritethemselves,andgoodgradesrequirehardwork,butdon'tthinkmuchaboutthebadthings.Giveyourselfpraisewhereyoucanimproveyourself.Stressisaclearsignofworry,butitdoesn'tmeanyoursituationishopeless.Speakup.Thebreakupofyourfavoriterockbandisn'ttheendoftheworld,butsometimeslifethrowssomerealproblemsatyou.Butdon'tletthestresseatyouup.__5__Ifyou'refeelingseriouslyunhappyandunabletokeepupwithschoolandlife,speaktoafamilymemberoryourdoctor.A.Staypositive.B.Talktoatrustedfriend.C.Peoplecouldnotthinkclearlywhenunderstress.D.Theolderapersonis,themorestressedhefeels.E.Thereissimplynowaytogetawayfromstresscompletely.F.However,abitofphysicalactivitycanhelpusworkitoff.G.Sure,everyonelikesalittlecomfortfood,butyouwillneedabalanceddiet.這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文向讀者介紹了如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的一些小竅門。1.E解析:由“Afterall,stressgoeshandinhandwithchange,andourlifeisallaboutchange.__1__Weallbehaveabitdifferentlyaccordingtodifferenttypesofstress”可知,終歸,壓力與變更相伴而生,而我們的生活就是關(guān)于變更的。我們每個(gè)人的行為都因壓力的不同而有所不同。所以小題1起到承上啟下的作用。故E選項(xiàng)“根本沒(méi)有完全擺脫壓力的方法”符合句意。故E選項(xiàng)切題。2.G解析:由標(biāo)題“Eatright”可知,小題2要與上一句一同來(lái)說(shuō)明如何正確地飲食。故G選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)然,每個(gè)人都喜愛(ài)吃令人心情開心的食物,但你須要均衡的飲食”符合句意。故G選項(xiàng)切題。3.F解析:由“Mostofoureverydaystressisrelatedtoschool,work,oralotofemotionalproblems”可知,我們每天的壓力大多與學(xué)校、工作或很多心情問(wèn)題有關(guān)。所以小題3與上一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故F選項(xiàng)“然而,少量的體育活動(dòng)可以幫助我們消退壓力”符合句意。故F選項(xiàng)切題。4.A解析:由“Essayswon'twritethemselves,andgoodgradesrequirehardwork,butdon'tthinkmuchaboutthebadthings.Giveyourselfpraisewhereyoucanimproveyourself.Stressisaclearsignofworry,butitdoesn'tmeanyoursituationishopeless.”可知,作文不會(huì)自己寫好,好的成果須要努力才能獲得,但不要對(duì)壞的事情想得太多。在能提高自己的地方表?yè)P(yáng)自己。壓力是一種明顯的憂慮跡象,但并不意味著你的境況是無(wú)望的。所以本段主要在說(shuō)明要保持主動(dòng)的心態(tài)也就是小題4本段的小標(biāo)題所要說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容。故A選項(xiàng)“保持主動(dòng)的心態(tài)”符合句意。故A選項(xiàng)切題。5.B解析:由“Butdon'tletthestresseatyouup.”可知,但是不要讓壓力吞噬你。所以小題5要說(shuō)明應(yīng)當(dāng)詳細(xì)怎么做以此來(lái)呼應(yīng)標(biāo)題和承接下文。故B選項(xiàng)“和值得信任的摯友談一談”符合句意。故B選項(xiàng)切題。Ⅲ.完形填空TheSecretofHappinessAnoldmanwalkedslowlyintoarestaurantwithhiscane(拐杖).His__1__overcoatandworn-outshoesmadehimstandout(突出)fromtheusualSaturdaymorningbreakfastcrowd.AyoungwaitressnamedMarywatchedhimmovetowarda__2__bythewindow.Maryranovertohim,andsaid,“Here,Sir.Letmegiveyouahandwiththat__3__.”Without__4__aword,hesmiledandnoddedathank-you.Shepulledthechairawayfromthetableandhelpedhimgetseated__5__.Inasoft,clear__6__hesaid,“Thankyou,Miss.Andthankyouforyour__7__.”“You'rewelcome,Sir,”sheresponded.“I'llbe__8__inamoment,andifyouneedanythinginthemeantime,justwaveatme!”Afterhehadfinisheda__9__meal,Maryhelpedhimupfromhischair,__10__himhiscane,andwalkedwithhimtothefrontdoor.Holdingthedooropenforhim,shesaid,“Comebackandseeus,Sir!”Theoldman__11__aroundandsmiled.WhenMarywenttocleanhistable,shewas__12__tofindabusinesscard,aone-hundred-dollarbillanda__13__whichread,“DearMary,Irespectyouverymuch,andyourespectyourselftoo.Itshowsthewayyoutreatothers.Youhavefoundthesecretof__14__!Yourkindgestureswillshinethroughthosewhomeetyou.”Actuallythemanshehadservedwasthe__15__oftherestaurant.Thatwasthefirsttimethatsheoranyofhisemployeeshadseenhim.本文是一篇記敘文。主要講的是年輕的女服務(wù)員幫助一位行動(dòng)不便的老人就餐,并且多加照看。待送走老人后,驚異地發(fā)覺(jué)這位老人因?yàn)樗蜕频呐e動(dòng)嘉獎(jiǎng)了她一張100元的支票和感謝卡,在感謝卡上告知她找到了歡樂(lè)的隱私。原來(lái)他就是店里的老板,這是女服務(wù)員和其他店員第一次望見他。1.A.clean B.oldC.strange D.funny答案:B解析:考查形容詞辨析。A.干凈的;B.舊的;C.驚奇的;D.好笑的。依據(jù)第一段其次句中,worn-outshoesmadehimstandout穿破了的鞋讓他看起來(lái)特別惹眼,因此老人的衣服也應(yīng)當(dāng)是舊的。故選B。2.A.roomB.waiterC.tableD.girl答案:C解析:考查名詞辨析。A.房間;B.服務(wù)員;C.桌子;D.女孩。依據(jù)句意老人進(jìn)入餐廳應(yīng)當(dāng)是走向桌子。故選C。3.A.chairB.dishC.deskD.menu答案:A解析:考查名詞辨析。A.椅子;B.盤子;C.書桌;D.菜單。依據(jù)句意,老人行動(dòng)不便,瑪麗走過(guò)去應(yīng)當(dāng)是幫助老人坐下來(lái),因此是幫他放好椅子。故選A。4.A.saying B.speakingC.reading D.telling答案:A解析:考查固定搭配。A.說(shuō);B.講;C.讀;D.告知。Withoutsayingaword是固定搭配,意為一言不發(fā)。句意:老人沒(méi)說(shuō)一句話,微笑著點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭以表感謝。故選A。5.A.sadlyB.quietlyC.graduallyD.safely答案:D解析:考查副詞辨析。A.哀痛地;B.寧?kù)o地;C.慢慢地;D.平安地。依據(jù)句意瑪麗把椅子挪開,幫助老人平安地坐上去。故選D。6.A.languageB.soundC.a(chǎn)ttitudeD.voice答案:D解析:考查名詞辨析。A.語(yǔ)言;B.聲音;C.看法;D.聲音。sound做聲音主要指人或動(dòng)物發(fā)出的聲音,或物體碰撞的聲音,運(yùn)用范圍很大;voice一般指人的聲音、說(shuō)話、唱歌。此處是指老人說(shuō)話的聲音很溫柔干凈。故選D。7.A.attention B.kindnessC.invitation D.cooperation答案:B解析:考查名詞辨析。A.關(guān)注;B.和善;C.邀請(qǐng);D.合作。依據(jù)上文瑪麗幫助了老人入座,此處老人應(yīng)當(dāng)是感謝她的和善。故選B。8.A.readyB.busyC.backD.fine答案:C解析:考查形容詞辨析。A.打算好的;B.勞碌的;C.向后的;D.好的。beready打算好;bebusy勞碌;beback回來(lái);befine好的。依據(jù)句意瑪麗說(shuō)如有什么須要,老人可以向她招手,她便過(guò)來(lái)。故選C。9.A.cheap B.expensiveC.terrible D.delicious答案:D解析:考查形容詞辨析。A.便宜的;B.貴的;C.糟糕的;D.美味的。結(jié)合上下文這頓飯是貴是便宜無(wú)從得知,老人享用后沒(méi)有埋怨,因此是美味的。故選D。10.A.showedB.handedC.lentD.took答案:B解析:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.表現(xiàn);B.給;C.借;D.拿走。依據(jù)句意瑪麗幫老人站起來(lái),遞給了他拐杖。故選B。11.A.turnedB.walkedC.lookedD.moved答案:A解析:考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A.turnaround轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身;B.walkaround游蕩;C.lookaround東張西望;D.movearound走來(lái)走去。依據(jù)句意老人走到門口轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)對(duì)她笑了一下。故選A。12.A.excited B.worriedC.disappointed D.surprised答案:D解析:考查形容詞辨析。A.興奮的;B.擔(dān)憂的;C.悲觀的;D.驚異的。依據(jù)下文中瑪麗并不知道桌上會(huì)出名片和支票,因此是感到驚異。故選D。13.A.noteB.tipC.messageD.title答案:A解析:考查名詞辨析。A.便條;B.建議;C.信息;D.題目。依據(jù)句意,老人留了一張名片,一張支票和一張便條。故選A。14.A.kindness B.unselfishnessC.happiness D.helpfulness答案:C解析:考查名詞辨析。A.和善;B.無(wú)私;C.歡樂(lè);D.有用。依據(jù)文章標(biāo)題——?dú)g樂(lè)的隱私。故選C。15.A.customerB.ownerC.partnerD.host答案:B解析:考查名詞辨析。A.顧客;B.物主;C.合伙人;D.(聚會(huì)的)主子。依據(jù)上下文老人應(yīng)當(dāng)是這家餐廳的主子。故選B。Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面短文,依據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要?!癏elicopterparents”isadescriptionofparentswhoarehoveringovertheirchildreninastateofextremeconcern.Theyalwaysshowuptosolvetheirchildren'sproblems,protectthemfromrealorimaginedharm,resolvestressfulsituation,offeradviceandgetthemoutoftrouble,eveniftheymisbehaved.Althoughoutofloveandconcern,itcanhaveharmfuleffectontheirchildren'semotionaldevelopmentandfutureautonomy.Childrenlearnthroughtheirmistakes.Butifyouintervene(介入)atfirstsignofstruggleandfinishyourchild'shomework,he'llmissoutonvaluablelearningopportunities.You'resendinghimthemessagethatheneedstobeperfectandfailureisnotanoption,otherwiseyouwouldn'talwaystakeoverforhim.Byconstantlyrescuingyourchildfromstressfulsituation,you'resendinghimamessagethatyoudon'tbelievehe'scapableoftakingcareofhimself.Childrendevelopself-esteembylearninghowtocompletechallengeontheirown.Ifyouarealwaysintervening,he'sdeniedthisvitalstageinhisgrowth.Asaresult,yourchildmaylacktheconfidencenecessarytodowellinschool,pursuehobbiesandinterests,anddevelopfriendships.Ifyou'realwaystakingcareofeverythingforyourchild,it'llbemoredifficultforhimtobecomeindependent.Asanadult,hemightfindithardtotakecareofhimself,becausehe'snever
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