17閱讀理解六選四（簡明答案版）-上海名校高中自主招生英語黃金寶典

第17講：閱讀理解六選四專項訓(xùn)練第17講：閱讀理解六選四專項訓(xùn)練閱讀六選四真題精練、考前鞏固A．Workingwithotherculturesisnotforeveryone.B．Onewayistraining,andmanypaniesnowinvestsubstantialamountsofmoneytopreparepeopletocopewithlivingandworkinginanotherculture.C．Itusedtobesoeasy.D．Theidealpersonforanoverseasassignmenthastobedelegatedwhennecessary.E．Onewayistotryandfindouthowawaretheyareofothercultures.F．Theyneedtobeabletoacceptotherwaysofdoingthings.Howdopaniesdecidewhotosendoverseas?____1____Justfindsomeonewiththerightbackground,askthemiftheywantedtogo,andthatwasit.Soanengineerjustneededtobeabletoofferthetechnicalexpertiserequiredtodothejob,amanagersimplyneededtoknowtherightpeople,anaccountantneededtoknowhowthebooksworkedandnothingelse.IftheycouldspeakEnglish,thentheycouldprobablydothejob.Buttimesarechanging.Moreandmoreoverseasassignmentsarefailing.Thereason?Lackofinterculturalpetence.panieshavediscoveredthatfindingtherightpersonforthejobismuchmorethansimplyidentifyingthepersonwhocouldhavedonethejobifithadbeenintheirhomecountry.____2____Andthisfailureismorethanirritating.Itcostspaniesalotofmoneytoreplacesomeonewhodoesnotfitin.Sohowdopaniesjudgeifsomeonehastherightpetenceforajobinanothercountry?____3____Aretheyinterestedinotherwaysofdoingthings?Cantheyseeadvantagesanddisadvantages,oronlytheirownviewpoint?Sensitivityisakeyfactortoo.Isthepersonabletodealwithotherwaysoflookingataproblem?Howdotheydealwithauthority?Whataboutmotivation?Aretheywillingtotreatotherswithrespectandunderstanding?Suchquestionscanbeansweredpartlybytheuseofquestionnairesandinterviews,butofcourseonlyrealexperiencecangivethefinalanswer.Sowhatelsecanapanydotomakesurethatapersonisrightforanoverseasassignment?____4____Experiencedcolleaguescanalsobeusedtoeasesomeonethroughthefirststages.Andanotherkeyareaistomakesurethattherelativesreceivesimilarbackupandtraining:it’snogoodhavingahappyemployeewhoisunderpressurefromhisorherpartnertoehome.Isbreakfastreallythatimportant?Withalmost20%ofpeoplereportingskippingthefirstmealoftheday,peoplearewonderingwhetherbreakfastisreallythatimportant.Well,theoverwhelmingmajorityofresearchsupportsthatbreakfastismorethansomethingyourMomnaggedyouabout.____5____.TheNationalWeightControlRegistryistrackingover10,000Americanswhohavelostsignificantamountsofweightandkeptitoffforlongperiodsoftime.____6____.Otherlargestudieshavelinkedeatingbreakfasttodecreasedwaistlines.Skippingbreakfastmayturnouttobeoneoftheworstbarrierstoyourweightlossefforts,forcertainindividuals.Itisbecausenoteatingbreakfastmayleadtotheirincreasedamountsoflatenightsnacking.____7____.Academicperformanceisassociatedwitheatingbreakfastinchildrenandteens,includingimprovementsinreading,mathandscience.Nutritioncanimprovecognitivefunction,anddeficienciesofkeyvitaminsandmineralsarelinkedtodecreasedconcentrationandcognition.Moreover,skippingbreakfastleadstomalnutritionandlackofspecificnutrients,whichislinkedtoaggressionandproblembehaviors.____8____.A．Alargepercentageofparticipants,around78%,claimthatitisadailyroutineforthemtohavethismealinthemorning.B．Forexample,therearestrongandconsistentlinkstoincreasedbullyingbehaviorwithskippingbreakfastinbothboysandgirls.C．However,manypeopleskipbreakfastorsubstituteadonut(炸面圈)andacupofcoffeeforawellbalancedmeal.D．Actuallyitturnsouttobeanimportantdailybehaviourthatbenefitspeopleindifferentaspects.E．Whilebreakfasthasitsbenefits,itmightnotbethemostimportantmeal.F．Benefitsofbreakfastgowaybeyondphysicalaspectsofhealth.Weallregardreceivingpresentsasapleasantexperienceandyetitcanbeoneofthemostawkwardsituations.Itisoftendifficulttolookpleasedwhenyoureceiveagiftwhichisuselessorthewrongsize.___9___However,youhavenorighttochangeanarticlepurchasedjustbecauseitdoesnotfitorisnottoyourliking.Worsestill,theagreementonthesaleisbetweenthepersonwhoboughtitandtheshop.SoyouwillhavetotellyourfavouriteauntthattheTshirtdoesnotfit.Butanexchangeisnotalwaysthatsimplebecausetherehastobeagoodreasonforit.___10___Forexample,ifthebuyerwastoldthataswitchwasvoiceoperatedandlaterfoundoutitwasnot,thenactioncouldbetaken.Youwouldhavetherighttoreturnitandgetthemoneyback.Butifyouarereturningsomething,nomatterwhatthereasonis,youwillbeexpectedtohaveproofofpurchase.Ifthereceiptcannotbefound,thenitispossibletouseanotherproofofpurchasesuchasacreditcardreceipt.Ifallofthesehavebeenlost,youmayhavetorelyonawitness.Manybigstoreshaveamuchmoretolerantpolicytowardsreturnandseeitasagestureofgoodwilltoexchangegoodswithoutquestion.StoresincludingMarks&Spencerarewellknownfortheir“noargument”policyonreturnedgoods.___11___Soifashoprefusestoexchangethegoodsortoofferarefund,thesellerislikelytobewithinhislegalrightsunlessthereissomethingwrongwiththegoods.Inthatcase,thebootisontheotherfoot.Youhaveeveryrighttodemandacashrefundorareplacement,butonlyifyouhavereturneditwithina“reasonable”time.___12___Someshopsandstoresexpectthingstobereturnedwithinaweekofpurchase,whileothersmaypermitamuchlongertimelimit.inanycase,ifyoureturnathingafterwhatisconsidereda“reasonable”time,thenallyouarelegallyentitledtoisthecostofrepair.A．Itisunlikeanythingyouwouldbuyforyourself.B．However,shoppersshouldrememberthisisaprivilege,notaright.C．Unfortunately,thelawdoesnotexplainwhatitmeantby“reasonable”.D．Allyoucandoisexchangeitafteryourfriendorrelativehasgonehome.E．Eitherthethinghastobebrokenorunsuitableforthejobitwasintendedtodo.F．Youshouldmakeclearwhatyourlegalpositionisbeforereturninggoodstotheshop.Gettingsickisaninvariable(永恒的)partofpeoplelives.____13____.Thisdifferencehasn’tbeenmorepronouncedsincethestartofthenovelcoronavirusepidemic—whenagreatnumberofpeoplearefallingillatallthesametime.TheconditionsintheUSaregettingworsequickly,whichislargelyduetothefactthatthereisnouniversalhealthcaresystem.Accordingtothe2019USCensus,28millionpeoplearenotcoveredordonothaveadequatehealthinsurance,meaningthattheywouldprobablyavoidgettingtestedforthevirus,forfearofthecostofbeinghospitalized.“____14____Somanypeoplehavenoalternativebuttotrytokeepworkingandcaringforchildrensoastokeeplifegoing,andbyconsequence,theyarespreadingthevirussimplybecausetheyhavenootherchoice,”wrotereporterJamesHamblinontheAtlantic.Germany,onthecontrary,hasoneoftheworld’sbestdevelopedandmostexpensivepublichealthcaresystemsthatcoverseverycitizen.PeopleinGermany—whohave“highlevelsofjobsecurity”,accordingtotheLosAngelesTimes—arealsomorelikelytofollowthequarantinemeasuresandstayathomewithouthavingtoworryaboutlosingtheirjobs.____15____.“TheconditionstodealwiththevirusinGermanyareamongthebestintheworld,”saidGermanChancellorAngelaMerkel,accordingtotheLosAngelesTimes.Japanalsohasuniversalpublichealthcare,butitbringsanotherkindofproblem:Peopletendtoseekmoremedicalcarethannecessary.AccordingtoYusukeTsugawa,aphysicianatHarvardUniversity,JapanhasthreetimesmoreoutpatientvisitsthantheUS,andpatientsalsostayinhospitalforthreetimeslongerthanintheUS.____16____.“Itisn’tgoodtodotestsjusttoeasepublicanxiety,”KentaroIwata,aninfectiousdiseaseexpertatKobeUniversity.Japan,toldReuters.“Iftheytesteveryonewithlightsymptoms,themedicalsystemwillpuncture(破損).”Indeed,acountry’shealthcaresystemisthekeytokeepingitspeoplesafeit’salsothekeytowhetheracountrycansurviveacrisislikethenovelcoronaviruspandemic.A．Bothexplainwhythecountryseemstobeweathering(經(jīng)受)thepandemicbetterthanitsEuropeanpeersB．Thecountriesallovertheworldareshortofmedicalsupplies.C．Thisoftenwastesmedicalresources,whichareevenmorecriticalandpreciousduringaglobalpandemicD．Buttheirattitudestowardbeingsickandhospitalvisitsvaryfromcountrytocountry.E．Germanyhasexpandedrestrictionsonsocialinteractionstotrytocontrolthecoronavirusoutbreak,banningpublicgatheringsofmorethantwopeople.F．Thereisastrongfinancialincentive(動機)toconceal(tohide)symptoms.TheculturesoftheEastandtheWestreallydistinguisheachotheralot.Thisisbecausetheculturesystemsaretwoseparatesystemsonthewhole.TheoriginoftheEasternculturesismainlyfromtwocountries:ChinaandIndia.BothofthetwoculturesaredevelopedbyriverstheYellowRiverinChinaandtheHinduRiverinIndia.___17___WhenthetwomotherriversgavebirthtotheEasternculture,anotherfamousculturewasbroughtupontheMesopotamianPlain—theMesopotamianCivilization.ThiscivilizationlaterondevelopedintotheculturesofAncientGreeceandAncientRome.___18___LiketheChineseculture,theEuropeanculturealsocrossedwaters.WhentheBritishsettleddowninAmerica,theirculturewentwiththemovertheAtlanticOcean.SotheAmericanculturedoesn’tdistinguishfromtheEuropeanculturealot.___19___Takethelanguagesystemforexample.IntheEast,mostlanguagesbelongtothepictographic(象形文字的)languagewhiletheWesternlanguagesaremostlybasedontheLatinsystem.Othercauseslikehumanracedifferencecountaswell.

Butwhat’smore,duetothefardistanceandthesteepareasbetweentheEastandWest,thetwoculturesseldommunicateuntilrecentcenturies.Sotheygrewuptotallyintheirownwayswithalmostnointerference(干擾)fromtheother.Thedifferencesareeverywhere.___20___Butdifferentculturesmaketheworldmorecolourful.Theculturalgapshouldnotbetheobstacle(障礙)tothecivilizationofhumanbeing.itoughttobethemotivationofourgoingfarther.A．Letusworktogethertokeepavarietyofculture.B．Oneimportantthingistolearnaboutothercultures.C．AndthesetwoarewellknownasthebaseoftheEuropeancultureD．Atthesametime,someotherdifferencesaddtotheculturaldifferences.E．Theyareobviousandaffectpeople’swaysofthinkingandtheirviewsoftheworld.F．Theyhelpedthetwoculturesdevelopforcenturiesandformtheirownstyles.HousingpriceshavebeengrowinglessandlessaffordableacrosstheU.S.____21____ParagonRealEstate,aSanFranciscorealestate(房地產(chǎn))pany,hascalculatedthatthemedianhousingpriceinthecityhasrisen$205,000sincetheendof2017,thehighestsixmonthgaininatleastaquartercentury.____22____.That’smorethandoublethe7.2%risein2017,butnotashighasthe26.1%riseinhousingpricesin2000,duringthepeakofthebubble.It’salsobelowthe20%risein2007,justbeforethehousingmarketcrashed.____23____.ButitalsoreflectsabroadertrendintheU.S.TheaveragehomepriceinU.S.standsataround$260,000,afterhavingrisenforthepastsixyears,Paragonsaid.Homebuyerswhocan’taffordsuchinflationary(通貨膨脹引起的)housingpricesmightconsiderbuyinganapartment.____24____.Paragonsaidthatasuddenincreaseinboththeaskingpricesforhomesandthebidsbeingplacedbybuyers,coupledwithamultiyeardeclineinthenumberofhomeslistedforsale,havecontributedtothesuddenincreaseinprices.HousingactivistsintheBayAreahavegrownmoreoutspokenincallingformoreavailablehousingintheregion.TherearesignsthattheaffordablehousingproblemsthatmanyresidentsinSanFranciscostrugglewitharerecurringinothercities,evenifatasmallerscale.HomepricesacrosstheU.S.arebysomemeasuresattheirleastaffordablelevelssincethefinancialcrisis.A．ThemedianpriceforSanFranciscoapartmentsroseby$71,000inthefirsthalfof2018,aparativebargain.B．Onapercentagebasis,themedianhomepriceinSanFranciscorose14.5%overthepastyearto$1.6million.C．NocityisamorefittingposterchildforthattrendthanSanFrancisco.D．ThecurrenthousingconstructionpickupsupportedoverallGDPgrowthinfirstquarterandshoulddosoinsecondquarter.E．SanFranciscomayofferanextremeexampleofrisinghomeprices.F．Inpart,housepriceshaverisenbecauseinteresthavefallenandineshaverisen.LegoinChinaEngineersgatheraroundatablesizedmodeloftheChinaArtMuseum,alandmarkofShanghai,addingairportsforhelicopters,carparksandotherimprovementswithcolorfulbricks.____25____LiYang,visitingforafewdaysfromShenzhen,hasbeenwaitingforherdaughterfortwohours.ZhuYunfei,watchinghisson,marvelsatthevariety:“ingheretoplaywithhimismakingupformychildhood,”hesays.Theydropbyeveryweek.Lego’sriseinChinahasbeenshininglyattractive.In2017itoverlookAlphaGroup,alocalgiant,tobeethecountry’sleadingtoypany(notincludingvideogames).Inthepasttwoyearsithasopened89storesandwants50morebyDecember,whichwillbringitto30cities.ItsfirstChinesefactorystartedmakingbricksin2016.Thetoyindustryisgrowingby9%annuallyinthecountry,buttheDanishfirm’sChinesesectionhaswon“verystrongdoubledigits(兩位數(shù))”,saysPaulHuang,itsboss.____26____In2017Legocut1,400jobsandrecordeditsfirstdropinrevenuesandprofitsinoveradecade.Butlastyearbothtickedupagain,by4%each.Legohasthusretaineditsstatusastheworld’sbiggesttoymaker,snatchedfromMattelin2014evenasitsAmericanrivallastyearearneditshighestrevenuesinfiveyearsfromitsBarbiedolls.NewlywealthyparentsinChinahavehelpedLegorecover.“Wehavenotreachedtheextremeoutthere,byfar,”saysNielsChristiansen,whomLegobroughtinaschiefexecutivetwoyearsago.____27____Lastyear98%ofthosesurveyedbyLegosaidthatplaywasessentialfortheirchild’swellbeing,evenmorethanAmericansandDanes.Legohasalsosensiblymanagedtomeetthedemandsoflocaltastes._____28_____Fansweredelightedattheattentiontoculturaldetail.OnewasaChineseNewYear’sEvedinnerkit,withtinyredenvelopesandchunlian,luckycoupletsonbannerspastedarounddoorways.Adragonboatracesetincludedastickyricedumpling,apopularfestivalsnack.Thehighqualitykitsarepricey,costingupto700yuan($100)apiece.A．Ithasdonesoeventhoughthebrickmaker’sglobalbusinesshaslookedshakier.B．Ithasbeensoldingreatvolumeswithvariouskindsofsetsandearnedthefameasthemostsuitabletoysforchildrentoplaywith.C．RemovingachildfromLego’svastshopnearPeople’sSquarecanbelikeunstickingtwostubbornbitsofLego.D．Overthepastdecades,Lego’ssalesvolumeinChinaisnotassatisfyingasitexpected.E．AsintheWest,theeducationalmeritsofbricksappealtoChineseparents.F．ThisyearthefirmlaunchedseveralsetsspecificallyforChina,thefirsttimeithasdonesoforanycountry.HowtoLearnEnglishWellAllEnglishlearnerswanttoimprovetheirEnglish,butasyouknow,itcanbedifficult!Foryou,youneedtoworkonallareas.Thefourmainareasforyouare:speaking,listening,reading,andwriting.Herearesomewaystohelpyoulearnwell.SpeakingSpeakasmuchaspossible!ThisisthebestwaytolearnEnglish.___29___ThefastestwaytolearnEnglishistosurroundyourselfwithEnglishspeakers.Also,getintothehabitofthinkinginEnglish.Don'ttranslatefromyourownlanguageintoEnglish—itwillslowyoudown.Andit'sfuntosinginEnglish,solearnsomeEnglishsongsandsingyourheartout!ListeningLikespeaking,it'sbetterforyoutobeinatotallyEnglish-speakingenvironment.It'salsogoodtowatchTVshows,ormoviesinEnglish.___30___Butthemoreyoulisten,themoreyou'llget.It'sgoodtolistentosomethingoverandoveragain.First,trytogetthegeneralmeaning,andthen,listenasecondtimeformorein-depthinformation.ReadingReadingEnglishissomethingyoucandotohelpyoulearnonyourown,outsideoftheclassroom.Newspapersaregoodforhigher-levelstudents.Soforlowerlevels,tryreadingchildren'sstoriesorbookswhichhavebeenespeciallywrittenforEnglishlearners.___31___Youshouldfindsomethingthatyoucanlearnwellfrom.WritingTrykeepingadiary;writesomethinginEnglishiniteveryday,evenifit'sverysimple.___32___AndtheInternetisagreatwaytohelpyoulearnEnglish.Trytomakefriendsonline,visitchatrooms,orpostmentsonblogs.Theseareallusefultoolsforyou.A．Makeaplanforyourself.B．Youwon'tlearnmuchifyouchooseabookthatistoodifficultortooeasy.C．TheEnglishnewscanbedifficultforyouatfirst.D．Startwithsmallsentencesandmakethemlonger.E．Thereisnothingbetterthanconversationstohelpyouimprove.HowtosaveplanetearthHaveyoueverheldaproductinyourhandsandconsideredtheexistentialweightofyourpurchase?Beyondeachpricetaghidesarippleeffect.Itexpandsfromsoiltowaterways,groceryaisletokitchenplates,factoriestofulfillmentcentersandmailslotstolandfills.Thisglobalimpacthasbeelesshiddeninthepastdecade,andignoringthepeopledownstreamfromushasgrownincreasinglydifficult.We’remoreawarethaneverofthemarkourconsumptionleavesonplanetEarth,whichnowsustainsnearly8billionpeople.Somehow,humansarestillpumpingmorethan30gigatonsofcarbondioxide(CO2)peryearintotheatmosphere,despitethemountainofevidencethatCO2isthetopcontributortogreenhousegasescausingglobalwarming.____33____Weknowweneedtodobetter,butwefeelhelplessandoverwhelmed.Let’scallthistheecoessentialcrisis;itappliesonadeeplypersonallevelformostenvironmentallyawarehumans,andonaglobalscale.ClimatejournalistandauthorTatianaSchlossbergsaysevenasimpletriptothesupermarketcanfeelparalyzingin2021.“Iwanttobuythelocalthing,butit’snotorganic.Or,maybeit’sinaplasticbox,”shesays.Inher2019bookInconspicuousConsumption,sheventureswaybeyondthestoreaisleandintotheweboflessapparentwaysthathumansaredamagingEarth.Forexample,yourinternetuseistiedtoextensivecarbonemissionsandenergyconsumption.____34____Theworldismoreplicatedthanthat.Infact,beingagoodcitizenonplanetEarthwithclimateconcerns,you’velikelyaskedoragonizedoverthisquestion:WhatshouldIdo?____35____So,wetookthisquestiontofivepeoplewhohaveimmersedtheircareers,researchandwritingintherealitiesofclimatescience.Oneoftheirmostconsistentinsightsmaysurpriseyou:Consumerresponsibilitymissesthemark.“Oneofthemajorfailingsoftheenvironmentalmovementishavingeveryonefocusonthesesmallthingsthateveryonecando.”saysAyanaElizabethJohnsonamarinebiologistandcohostofthepodcastHowtoSaveaPlanet.____36____Therearejustmoremeaningfulandlonglastingwaystoexpendyourenergyintheclimatefight.Mostoftheminvolveorganizationandcollectiveaction.“Individualsjointogethertocollectivelyhavefarmorepowerchangingthesystemthantheycanasindividuals,”saysAnthonyLeiserowitz,directoroftheYaleProgramonClimateChangemunication.A．Thatdoesn’tmeanit’snoneofyourbusiness.B．theseexpertsproposeotherkeystepsthateveryhumancantaketowardabetterfuture.C．Similarchallengeapplytouseofplasticsandconsumptionofmeatandothergoods.D．Partofthechallengewiththeenvironmentalmovementistheastonishinglistofthingsweneedtochange.E．Thesolutiontothisproblem,however,isnotforyoutostopusingtheinternet,accordingtoSchlossberg.F．It’seasytogetlostinthestormofsupposedanswersaroundsocialmedia,thelatestdatasetsand“egofriendly”marketingcampaigns.Travelhasexistedsincethebeginningoftime,whenprimitivemansetout,oftentraversinggreatdistancesinsearchofgame,whichprovidedthefoodandclothingnecessaryforhissurvival.Throughoutthecourseofhistory,peoplehavetravelledforpurposesoftrade,religiousconviction,economicgain,war,migrationandotherequallypellingmotivations.IntheRomanera,wealthyaristocratsandhighgovernmentofficialsalsotravelledforpleasure.SeasideresortslocatedatPompeiiandHerculaneumaffordedcitizenstheopportunitytoescapetotheirvacationvillasinordertoavoidthesummerheatofRome.____37____Tourisminthemassformasweknowittodayisadistinctlytwentiethcenturyphenomenon.HistorianssuggestthattheadventofmasstourismbeganinEnglandduringtheindustrialrevolutionwiththeriseofthemiddleclassandtheavailabilityofrelativelyinexpensivetransportation.ThecreationofthemercialairlineindustryfollowingtheSecondWorldWarandthesubsequentdevelopmentofthejetaircraftinthe1950ssignaledtherapidgrowthandexpansionofinternationaltravel.____38____.Inturn,internationaltourismbecametheconcernofanumberofworldgovernmentssinceitnotonlyprovidednewemploymentopportunitiesbutalsoproducedameansofearningforeignexchange.____39____.Inmostindustrializedcountriesoverthepastfewyearsthefastestgrowthhasbeenseenintheareaofservices.Oneofthelargestsegmentsoftheserviceindustry,althoughlargelyunrecognizedasanentityinsomeofthesecountries,istravelandtourism.AccordingtotheWorldTravelandTourismCouncil（1992）,‘Travelandtourismisthelargestintheworldonvirtuallyanyeconomicmeasureincludingvalueaddedcapitalinvestment,employmentandtaxcontributions’.In1992,theindustry’sgrossoutputwasestimatedtobe$3.5trillion,over12percentofallconsumerspending.Thetravelandtourismindustryistheworld'slargestemployerwithalmost130millionjobs,oralmost7percentofallemployees.Thisindustryistheworld’sleadingindustrialcontributor,producingover6percentoftheworld’sgrossnationalproductandaccountingforcapitalinvestmentinexcessof$422billionindirect,indirectandpersonaltaxeseachyear.Thus,tourismhasaprofoundimpactbothontheworldeconomyand,becauseoftheeducativeeffectoftravelandtheeffectsonemployment,onsocietyitself.However,themajorproblemsofthetravelandtourismindustrythathavehidden,orobscured,itseconomicimpactarethediversityandfragmentationoftheindustryitself.Thetravelindustryincludes:hotels,motelsandothertypesofacmodation;restaurantsandotherfoodservices;transportationservicesandfacilities;amusements,attractionsandotherleisurefacilities;giftshopsandalargenumberofotherenterprises.Sincemanyofthesebusinessesalsoservelocalresidents,theimpactofspendingbyvisitorscaneasilybeoverlookedorunderestimated.____40____.Infact,inallnationsthisproblemhasmadeitdifficultfortheindustrytodevelopanytypeofreliableorcredibletourisminformationbaseinordertoestimatethecontributionitmakestoreginal,nationalandglobaleconomies.However,thenatureofthisverydiversitymakestravelandtourismidealvehiclesforeconomicdevelopmentinawidevarietyofcountries,regionsormunities.A．Tourismtodayhasgrownsignificantlyinbotheconomicandsocialimportance.B．Nowtravelandtourismhavebeeaninstitutionalizedwayoflifeformostofthepopulationinthisworld.C．Travelhascontinuedtogrowandplayedavitalroleinthedevelopmentofcivilizationsandtheireconomies.D．Expertspointoutthatthetourismindustryinvolvesconceptsthathaveremainedamorphous（難以界定的）tobothanalystsanddecisionmakers.E．Becauseofthisgrowth,tourismindustryhasemergedasthenumberonerankedemployer.F．Thisgrowthledtothedevelopmentofamajornewindustry:tourism.GettingAroundBritainInBritain,westillcalculatedistancesinmilesandwestilldriveontheleft.ManyofBritain’sroadsfollowancientRomanroadsandyouhavetopayatsomeoldroll（收費）bridgesdatingbackhundredsofyears.InLondon,westillhavereddoubledeckerbusesandblackLondontaxis.Beforetheycanwork,Londontaxidriversstillhavetospendabout18monthslearningallaboutthestreetsofLondontoget‘theknowledge’._____41_____Therearenowmorethan25millioncarsonourroadssotrafficjamsaremononBritain'smotorways,liketheM25aroundLondon._____42_____Yougetdelayscausedbyunpredictableeventssuchas‘leavesonthelines’inautumn.Toimprovethesituationintransport,thegovernmentisinvestingalotofmoneyintherailwaysandingoutwith‘new’ideasliketollmotorwaysandcongestionchargesinmajorcitieslikeLondon.Despiteallofthis,therearesomefantasticwaysofgettingaroundthecountryandenjoyingyourselfatthesametime._____43_____Britainhasthousandsofmilesofquietcountrylanesandforesttrackswhichareidealforkeencyclists.Thereareevenmorefootpathsforwalkingholidaysfromoneendofthecountrytotheother,likeOffa’sDykeFootpathonthelovelybordersofEnglandandWales.Formoreadventures,thereareplentyofplacesforhorseridingandcanoeingaswellashanggliding,paraglidingandballooning._____44_____Britainhasagreatnetworkofcanals,alotofthemgoingthroughspectacularcountryside.AnotherrelaxedoptionistogoononeofBritain'smanysteamrailwaysliketheSevenValleyRailwayortheSnowdownRailwaywhichgoesupthehighestmountaininWales.Justsitbackandenjoyit!A．Forexample,youcangoonacyclingholiday.B．However,noteverythingaboutBritishtransportisasitusedtobefiftyyearsago.C．Nevertheless,thereisoneroadinLondon,whereyouhavetodriveontheright!D．Andeventhoughweinventedtherailways,ourtrainnetworkisnotinaterriblygoodstate.E．Ifyouwantsomethingabitsaferandlessenergetic,goonanarrowboat.F．Tosumup,Britainisacountrythatputstraditionalandmodernelementstogether.London,beingoneofthemostimportantcitiesofthemodernworld,isalsoamost