會計數(shù)據(jù)分析 Solutions-Manual Chapter-2-Labs-SM-Updated

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CHAPTER2LABS-KEY

(Level1Header)Lab2-1Createarequestfordataextraction

Q1.GiventhatyouarenewandtryingtogetagrasponSláinte’soperations,listthreequestionsrelatedtosalesthatwouldhelpyoubeginyouranalysis.Forexample,howmanyproductsweresoldineachstate?

Open-ended–nokeyprovided.

Possibleanswers:

Whatisthehighestsellingproduct?

Howdoquantitiessoldperproductdifferacrossstates?

Whatisaveragequantityofeachproductsoldperday/perstate/permonth?

Whatisthetotalquantityofeachproductsoldperday/perstate/permonth?

Q2.Nowhypothesizetheanswerstoeachofthequestions.Remember,youranswersdon’thavetobecorrectatthispoint.Theywillhelpyouunderstandwhattypeofdatayouarelookingfor.Forexample:500inMissouri,6,000inPennsylvania,4,000inNewYork,etc.

Open-ended–nokeyprovided.

Q3.Finally,foreachquestion,identifythespecifictablesandattributesthatareneededtoansweryourquestions.Forexample,toanswerthequestionaboutstatesales,youwouldneedthe[State]attributewhichismostlikelylocatedinthe[Customer]mastertableaswellasa[QuantitySold]attributeina[Sales]table.Ifyouhadaccesstostoreordistributioncenterlocationdata,youmayalsolookfora[State]fieldthereaswell.

Open-ended–nokeyprovided.

(Level2Header)Part2:Generatearequestfordata

Nowthatyou’veidentifiedthedatayouneedforyouranalysis,completeaDataRequestForm.

OpentheDataRequestForm

Enteryourcontactinformation.

Inthedescriptionfield,identifythetablesthatyou’dliketoanalyze,alongwiththetimeperiods(e.g.pastmonth,pastyear,etc.)

Open-ended–nokeyprovided.

Selectafrequency.Inthiscasethisisa“One-offrequest”.

Enterarequestdate(today)andarequireddate(oneweekfromtoday)

Chooseaformat(spreadsheet).

FinallycompletetheTobeusedinbox(internalanalysis).

TAKEASCREENSHOT(2-1)ofyourcompletedform.

(Level2Header)Part3:Performananalysisofthedata

Q4.Takeamomentandidentifyanyattributesthatyouaremissingfromyouroriginalrequestthatwouldbenecessarytoansweryouroriginalquestionof“Howmanyproductsweresoldineachstate?”.

Open-ended–nokeyprovided.

Q5.Evaluateyouroriginalquestionsandresponses.Canyoustillanswertheoriginalquestion?

Open-ended–nokeyprovided.

Q6.IsthereanotherquestionyoucouldanswerfromthedataRachelprovided?

Possibleanswers:

Howmanysalesordershaseachemployeecreated?

HowmanysaleswerecreatedinthemonthofOctober?

Howmuchmoneywasgeneratedthroughsalesfortheentireperiod?

HowmuchmoneywasgeneratedthroughsalesforthemonthofOctober?

ENDOFLAB

(Level1Header)Lab2-2UsePivotTablestode-normalizeandanalyzethedata

(Level2Header)Part1:IdentifytheQuestions

Q1.GivenSláinte’srequest,identifythedataattributesandtablesneededtoanswerthequestion.

Sales_Subset:Product_Code,Sales_Order_Quantity_Sold

WouldalsobehelpfultohaveFGI_Product:Product_Description

(Level2Header)Part2:Masterthedata:PreparedataforanalysisinExcel

Q2.Whenwoulditbeagoodideatouseasingletable?

Anytimeallofthedatayouneedareinasingletable,thereisnoneedtoextractmorethanonetable.

Alternative2:UsetheExcelInternalDataModel

TAKEASCREENSHOT(2-2a)oftheManageRelationshipswindowwithbothrelationshipscreated.

Q3.Howcomfortableareyouwithidentifyingprimarykey-foreignkeyrelationships?

KEY:open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided

Alternative3:MergingthedataintoasingletableusingExcelQueryEditor

MaximizetheQueryEditorwindow,andTAKEASCREENSHOT(2-2b).

KEYScreenshot:

Q4.HaveyouusedtheQueryEditorinExcelbefore?Double-clickthe[Sales_Subset]queryandclickthroughthetabsontheribbon.Whichoptionsdoyouthinkwillbeusefulinthefuture?

KEY:Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.

Alternative4:UseSQLqueriesinAccess

TAKEASCREENSHOT(2-2c).

KEY:Screenshot

(Level2Header)Part3:PerformananalysisusingPivotTablesandQueries

TAKEASCREENSHOT(2-2d)

KEYSREENSHOT:

TAKEASCREENSHOT(2-2e)

Keyscreenshot:

TAKEASCREENSHOT(2-2f)

Keyscreenshot:

SaveyourqueryasTotal_Sales_By_Productandcloseyourdatabase.

(Level2Header)Part4:Addressandrefineyourresults

Q5.IftheownerofSláintewishestoidentifywhichproductsoldthemost,howwouldyoumakethisreportmoreuseful?

Severalpossibleanswers.Someoptionsinclude:sortingthedataorfilteringthedatatoviewonlytheproductassociatedwithhighesttotal_sales.

Q6.Ifyouwantedtoprovidemoredetail,whatotherattributeswouldbeusefultoaddasadditionalrowsorcolumnstoyourreport,orwhatotherreportswouldyoucreate?

Manypossibleanswers.AgoodoptionwouldbetoincludeDatedatafromtheSales_Subsettabletodoanalysisonwhichproductsellsmorebasedonmonthsorseasons.

(Level2Header)Part5:Communicateyourfindings

Let'smakethiseasyforotherstounderstandusingvisualizationandexplanations.

Q7.WriteabriefparagraphabouthowyouwouldinterprettheresultsofyouranalysisinplainEnglish?Forexample,whichdatapointsstandout?

Open-endedquestion,nosolutionprovided.

Q8.InChapter4we’lldiscusssomevisualizationtechniques.Describeawayyoucouldpresentthisdataasachartorgraph.

Open-endedquestion,nosolutionprovided.PossibleanswersincludePivotChartvisualizedasabarchart,usingfilters,slicers,ortimelinestomakethedatamoreinteractive.

Endoflab

(Level1Header)Lab2-3ResolvecommondataproblemsinExcelandAccess

Q1.WhatdoyouexpectwillbemajordataqualityissueswithLendingClub’sdata?

Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.StudentsshouldrelyonwhattheylearnedinChapter2regardingdataqualityissuestomakeassumptionsonwhatcouldcauseproblemsinthisfile.

(Level2Header)Part2:MastertheData

Q2.Giventhislistofattributes,whatconcernsdoyouhavewiththedata’sabilitytopredictanswerstothequestionsyouidentifiedinChapter1?

Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.

Q3.Isthereanythinginthedatathatyouthinkwillmakeanalysisdifficult?Forexample,arethereanyspecialsymbols,non-standarddata,ornumbersthatlookoutofplace?

Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.Thesheersizeofthedatamaystrikesomestudentsasbeingdifficulttoanalyze,aswellastheamountofblank/nullvalues.

Q4.Whatwouldyoudotocleanthedatainthisfile?

Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.Thenextsectionofthelab,“Let’sidentifysomeissueswiththedata…”introducesseveraloftheitemsthatneedtobecleaned(ortransformed).

Let’sidentifysomeissueswiththedata.

Therearemanyattributeswithoutanydata,andthatmaynotbenecessary.

The[int_rate]valuesarewrittenin##.##%,butanalysiswillrequire#.####

The[term]valuesincludetheword“months”,whichshouldberemovedfornumericalanalysis.

The[emp_length]valuesinclude“n/a”,“<”,“+”,“year”,and“years”,whichshouldberemovedfornumericalanalysis

Dates,including[issue_d],canbemoreusefulifweexpandthemtoshowtheday,month,andyearasseparateattributes.Datescauseissuesingeneralbecausedifferentsystemsusedifferentdateformats(e.g.1/9/2009,Jan-2009,9/1/2009forEuropeandates,etc.),sotypicallysomeconversionisnecessary.

First,removetheunwanteddata:

Saveyourfileas“Loans2007-2011.xlsx”totakeadvantageofsomeofExcel’sfeatures.

Deletethefirstrowthatsays“Notesofferedbyprospectus…”

Deletethelastfourrowsthatinclude“Totalamountfunded…”

Deletecolumnsthathavenovalues,including[id],[member_id],[url]

Repeatforanyotherblankcolumnsorunwantedattributes.

Thecolumnswiththeheadersrevol_bal_joint,sec_app_earliest_cr_line,sec_app_inq_last_6mths,sec_app_mort_acc,sec_app_open_acc,sec_app_revol_util,sec_app_open_act_il,sec_app_num_rev_accts,sec_app_chargeoff_within_12_mths,sec_app_collections_12_mths_ex_med,andsec_app_mths_since_last_major_derogcanalsobedeleted.

Next,fixyournumbers:

Selectthe[int_rate]column.

IntheHometab,gototheNumbersectionandchangethenumbertypefromPercentagetoGeneralusingthedrop-downmenu.

Repeatforanyotherattributeswithpercentages.

TAKEASCREENSHOT(2-3a)ofyourpartiallycleaneddatafile.

KeyScreenshot:

Then,removeanywordsfromnumericalvalues:

Selectthe[term]column.

UseFind&Replace(Ctrl+HorHome>Editing>Find&Select>Find&Replace)tofindthewords“months”and“month”andreplacethemwithanull/blankvalue“”.Important:Besuretoincludethespacebeforethewordsandgofromthelongestvariationofthewordtotheshortest.Inthiscaseifyoureplaced“month”first,youwouldendupwithalotofvaluesthatstillhadtheletter“s”From“months”.

Nowselectthe[emp_length]columnandfindandreplacethefollowingvalues:

Originalvalue

Newvalue

naorn/a

0

<1year

0

1year

1

2years

2

3years

3

4years

4

5years

5

6years

6

7years

7

8years

8

9years

9

10+years

10

,(comma)

(blank)

ThiscanbedoneeitherwithFindandReplaceorwithaFalseVLookup.Then/acellshavenonprintablecharactersinthem,sothe=CLEANfunctionwillbeusefulforensuringthen/avaluesarefoundintheircells.

TAKEASCREENSHOT(2-3b)ofyourpartiallycleaneddatafile,showingthe[term]column.

Q5.Whydoyouthinkitisusefultoreformatandextractpartsofthedatesbeforeyouconductyouranalysis?Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappenifyoudidn’t?

Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.Possibleanswersincludethatifyouintendtodoanalysisonanyofthevaluesthathaven’tfirstbeencleaned,youranalysismaynotworkormaynotrunonthecompletedataset.

Q6.Didyourunintoanymajorissueswhenyouattemptedtocleanthedata?Howwouldyouresolvethose?

Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.

ENDOFLAB

(Level1Header)Lab2-4GeneratesummarystatisticsinExcel

Becauseeveryquestioninthislabisopen-ended,thereisnokeyprovided.

ENDOFLAB

(Level1Header)Lab2-5–CollegeScorecardExtractandDataPreparation

(Level2Header)Part2:MastertheData

Takeascreenshot(1)

ScreenshotKey:

Q1.Bylookingthroughthedatainthetextfile,whatdoyouthinkthedelimiteris?

Comma

Takeascreenshot(2)

ScreenshotKey:

Toensurethatyoucapturedallofthedatathroughtheextractionfromthe.txtfile,weneedtovalidateit.Validatethefollowingchecksums:

Youshouldhave7,704records(rows).

Comparetheattributenames(columnheaders)totheattributeslistedinthedatadictionary.Areyoumissingany,ordoyouhaveanyextras?

TheaverageSATscoreshouldbe1,059.07(thisisleavingNULLvaluesasNULL).

Q2.Inthechecksums,youvalidatedthattheaverageSATscoreforalloftherecordsis1,059.07.Whenweworkwiththedatamorerigorously,severaltestswillrequireustotransformNULLvalues.IfyouweretotransformtheNULLSATvaluesinto0,whatwouldhappentotheaverage(woulditstaythesame,decrease,orincrease)?

Theaveragewoulddecrease

Howwouldthatchangetotheaverageimpactthewayyouwouldinterpretthedata?

ItwouldinaccuratelyrepresentaverylowSATaverageacrossallschools(CorrectAnswer)

Doyouthinkit’sagoodideatoreplaceNULLvalueswith0sinthiscase?

No

ToavoidtheissueswithNULL,blanks,and0s,wewillremovealloftherecordsthatcontainNULLvaluesineitherSAT_AVGorC150_4.Doso.

Performa=COUNT()toverifytheamountofrecordsthatremainafterremovingallrecordsassociatedwithNULLvaluesinSAT_AVGorC150_4.1,271recordsshouldremain.

Takeascreenshot(3)

KeyScreenshot:

Yourdataisnowreadyforthetestplan.Thislabwillcontinueinchapter3.

ENDOFLAB

(Level1Header)Lab2-6ComprehensiveCase:Dillard’sStoreData:HowtoCreateanE-RDiagram

QuestionsforParts1-3areallopen-ended,nokeyprovided.

(Level2Header)Part4:AddressandRefineResults

Q3. WhatistheprimarykeyfortheTRANSACTtable?WhatistheprimarykeyfortheSKUtable?

ITEM_ID–CorrectAnswerforSKUtable

TRANSACTION_ID–CorrectAnswerforTRANSACTtable

Q4. HowdoweconnecttheSKUdatabasetotheTRANSACTtable?Howdowejointablesfromtwodifferentrelatedtables?

Tablesarejoinedbyrelatingtheforeignandprimarykeys.TheTRANSACTtablehasaforeignkeyfromtheSKUtable,sotherelationshipbetweenthetwocharactersisthejoiningofTRANSACT.ITEM_IDandSKU.ITEM_ID.

ENDOFLAB

(Level1Header)Lab2-7ComprehensiveCase:Dillard’sStoreData:HowtoPreviewDataFromTablesinaQuery

(Level2Header)Part1:IdentifytheQuestions

Q1. Howwouldaviewoftheentiredatabaseorcertaintablesoutofthatdatabaseallowustogetafeelforthedata?

Open-endedquestion,possibleanswersincludethatitisnecessarytoviewhowadatabaseisstructuredinordertoknowwhatdataisavailabletoanalyze.Viewingtheactualdatastoredintablescanhelpexplainwhatcertainattributesrepresent,especiallyifyoudon’thaveadatadictionaryorifthedatadictionaryisn’tverydescriptive.

Q2. WhattypesofdatawouldyouguessthatDillard’s,aretailstore,gatherthatmightbeuseful?HowcouldDillard’ssuppliersusethisdatatopredictfuturepurchases?

Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.Possibleanswersinclude:salesdata(salesorders,salesorderdates,itemssold),customerdata(whateachcustomerpurchases,wheretheylive),inventory(retailprice,cost,category),etc.

TAKEASCREENSHOTOFYOURRESULTS(2)

KEYScreenshot

Q3. Whatdoyouthink‘P’and‘R’representintheTRAN_TYPEtable?Howmighttransactionsdifferiftheyarerepresentedby‘P’or‘R’.

Answerswillvary,butPrepresentsPurchaseandRrepresentsReturn.

Q4. Whatbenefitcanyougainfromselectingonlythetopfewrowsofyourdata,particularlyfromalargedataset?

Answerswillvary,butsomepossiblesolutionsincludegettingaquickglanceatthedatawithouthavingtowaitforthequerytorunifit’salargedataset.

(Level1Header)Lab2-8ComprehensiveCase:Dillard’sStoreData:ConnectingExceltoaSQLDatabase

Q1. WhatcanyoudoinExcelthatismuchmoredifficulttodoinotherdatamanagementprograms?

Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.Possibleanswersmightbebasedaroundstudents’generalfamiliaritywithExcel–it’seasierforthemtoworkwiththanPython,R,orSQL,forexample,becauseofitsfriendlierinterface.

Q2. BecausemostaccountantsarefamiliarwithExcel,namethreedatamanagementfunctionsyoucandoeasierinExcelthananyotherprogram?Howdoesthatfamiliarityhelpyouwithyouranalysis?

Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.PossibleanswersincludePivotTables,Tables,andvisualizingdata(it’sarguablewhetherthesefunctionsaretrulyeasierinExcel,butmostofourstudentswillprobablythinkit’seasierinExcelatthispointduetohavinglessexposuretoothertools.Theiranswerstothisquestionisverydependentontheirpreviousexperience).

TakeascreenshotofthePivotTable.

Q3. ReferenceyourPivotTableandfindwhichstatehasthehighestnumberofDillard’sstores.Whichstateshavethefewest?Howmanystoresarethereacrossthecountry?

Texashasthehighestnumberofstores,NewYorkandWyominghavethelowest.Thereare313storesacrossthecountry.

Q4. CountingthenumberofstoresperstateisoneexampleofhowthedatathathasbeenloadedfromSQLServerintoExcelcanbecomeusefulinformationthroughaPivotTable.WhatareotherwaysthatyoucouldorganizetheSTOREdatainaPivotTabletocomeupwithmeaningfulinformation?

Open-endedquestion,possibleanswersincludedrillingdownintoDivisionandCity.Tomakethedatafarmoreinteresting,joininginothertablescouldprovidemeaningfulanalysis(salesperstore,salesperstate,etc.)

Q5.JoinsaremadebasedontheirPrimaryKey–ForeignKeyrelationship.LookingattheERDiagramorthedataset,whichtwocolumnsformtherelationshipbetweentheTRANSACTandSTOREtables?

Transact.Store=Store.Store

Q6.Lookingatthefirstseveralrowsofdata,comparetheamountsinORIG_PRICE,SALE_PRICE,TRAN_AMT.Whatdoyouthinktran_amtrepresents?

Thetotaltransactionamount,takingintoaccountdiscounts.

Q7.Whatarethemeansforeachoftheattributes?

ORIG_PRICE:53.99

SALE_PRICE:35.46

TRAN_AMT:27.84

Q8.ThemeanfromTRAN_AMTislowerthanthemeansforbothORIG_PRICEandSALE_PRICE,whydoyouthinkthatis?(Hint:itisnotanerror).

TheTRAN_AMTnotonlytakesintoaccountdiscounts,butalsoisnegativewhenthetransactionisareturn.

(Level2Header)Part5:AddressandRefineResults

Q9.HowdoesdoingaquerywithinExcelallowquickerandmoreefficientaccessandanalysisofthedata?

Open-endedquestion,nokeyprovided.Possibleresponsesincludenothavingtoexportthequeryresultsfromthedatabase.

Q10.Is15daysofdata