高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之構(gòu)詞法

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載英語構(gòu)詞法第一部分：派生法一.前綴★un-:表示否定意義， unhappy,untrue,unlike,,unfair,unknown,unhealthy,unusual,uncertain,unclear,unequal,unlucky,uncomfortable,uninteresting,unimportant,unnecessary,unpleasant,unfold★dis-:表示否定意義， dislike,disagree,disappear,disadvantage,dishonest,disability,discover,disobey★in-,im-,il-,ir-:表示否定意義， incomplete,incorrect,inconvenient,inexpensive,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregular,★表示否定意義，non- non-smoker,non-stop,,nonsensemis-:表示錯誤的意義 mistake,mislead（誤導(dǎo)）,misunderstanding,misuse,misspell,mistrust,mistreatanti-:表示“反、防、抗”的意義：, antiknock（防震）,antiforeigner（排外的）,anti-war,anti-pollutionde-表示“在下，向下”：表示空間位置、方向關(guān)系的前綴：decrease,degradeen-,em-表示“在內(nèi)，進(jìn)入”： encage,embedex-表示“外部，外”： exit,expand,export,exposefore-表示“在前面”：forehead,foreground,foreleg,forefoot★in-,im-表示“向內(nèi)，在內(nèi)，背于”： inland,inside,indoor(s),importinter-表示“在……間，相互”： international,interaction,internet,interviewout-表示“在外部，在外”： outline,outside,outward(s),outdoor(s)over-表示“在上面，在外部，向上”： overlook,overhead,overboard,overcoat,overdress,overseapre-表示“在前，在前面，提前”： prefix（前綴）,preface（前言）,prepare,prefersuper-表示“在…..之上，超級”： superpower,superman,surpermarkettrans-表示“移上，轉(zhuǎn)上，在那一邊”： translate,transform（轉(zhuǎn)移）,transplant（移植）,transportation（交通）under-表示“在…..下面，下的”：underline,underground,underwater,undershirtup-表示“向上，向上面，在上”：upward(s),uphold,uphill（上坡）,upgradeauto-表示“自己，獨(dú)立，自動”： automobile（自動車）,autobiography（自傳）tele-表示“遠(yuǎn)離”： television,telephone,telegram（電報）,telegraph（電報）,telescopefore-表示“在前面，先前，前面”： foreword（前言）,forecast（預(yù)報）,foretell（預(yù)言）,foresee（預(yù)見）,foreknow（先知）,foreknowledge（先知）mid-表示“中，中間”： midnight,midsummer,mid-day,mid-autumnpost-表示“在后，后”： postwar,postgraduate（研究生）,postdate★re-表示“再一次，重新”： retell,rewrite,renew,reconsider,reuse,remarry,recycle（回收利用）,rebuildover-表示“超過，過度，太”：overeat（吃過多）,oversleep（睡過頭）,overpraise（過獎）,overwork,表示共同，相等意思的前綴：co-表示“共同，一起”： coexist（共同生存）,co-operate,co-worker,coactions（合作行動）,coauthor（合作作者）表示某種狀態(tài)，構(gòu)成形容詞、副詞或動詞： a-afraid,alive,alone,asleep,ashamed,aloud,ahead,aside,alike,awakea-表示“分離，離開”：away,apartde-表示“離去，處去”：depart,discolor表示“自我”：self-self-protect(ion),self-made,self-knowledgea.具有某種職業(yè)或動作的人：★-an,-ian,-ician表示“……地方的人，精通……的人”：American,Asian,Australian,Russian,Italian,historian,librarian,electrician,magician（魔術(shù)師）,technician,musician,politician（政客）,physician（內(nèi)科醫(yī)生），-ant,-ent表示“……人”：merchant,servant,assistant,agent,student,-ee表示“動作承受者”：employee（雇員）,examinee,payee（收款人）,interviewee-eer表示“從事于……人”：engineer,volunteer（志愿者）★-er表示“從事某種職業(yè)的人,某地區(qū)，地方的人”：banker,observer,Londoner,villagersinger,driver,writer,speaker,traveller,★-or表示“……者”：author,doctor,operator,actor,visitor,inventor,educator-ar,-ary表示“……的人,從事……的人”：scholar,liar,beggar,secretary,missionary-ess表示“陰性人稱名詞”：actress（女演員）,hostess（女主人）,manageress（女經(jīng)理）★-ist表示“從事……研究者，信仰……主義者”：pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist,socialist,typist,構(gòu)成具有抽象名詞的含義：-age表示“狀態(tài)，行為，身份及其結(jié)果，總稱”：courage,storage,marriage,percentage★-al表示“事物的動作，過程”：refusal,arrival,-ance,-ence表示“性質(zhì)，狀況，行為，過程，總量，程度”：importance,distance,avoidance,appearance,performance,diligence,difference,obedience,absence,presence（出席）,existence-ancy,-ency表示“性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，行為，過程”：frequency（頻繁）,urgency（緊急）,efficiency（高效率）,-ity表示“性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度”：purity,reality,equality-bility表示“動作，性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)”：ability,possibility,probability,responsibility-dom表示“等級，領(lǐng)域，狀態(tài)”：freedom,kingdom,wisdom-ery,-ry表示“行為，狀態(tài)，習(xí)性，性質(zhì)”：bravery,slavery-hood表示“資格，身份,年紀(jì)，狀態(tài)”：childhood,girlhood,boyhood,manhood-ice表示“行為，性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)”：notice,justice,service★-ion,-ation,-ition,-sion表示“行為的過程，結(jié)果，狀況”：suggestion,action,solution,invention,direction,correction,collection,instruction,destruction,introduction,congratulation,dictation,invitation,pronunciation,examination,graduation,operation,education,information,translation,starvation,satisfaction,relation,irrigation,determination,preparation,imagination,explanation,opposition,competition,description,decision,division,conclusion,explosion,impression,expression,admission,permission,discussion★-ment表示“行為，狀態(tài)，過程，手段及其結(jié)果”：disappointment,treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument,agreement,government,development,improvement,requirement,astonishment,encouragement★-ness表示“性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，程度”：goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness,business,illness,happiness,goodness,willingness,weakness,fairness★-ism表示“制度，主義，學(xué)說，信仰，行為”：socialism,criticism,heroism,tourism,communism（共產(chǎn)主義）,Marxism（馬克思主義）-ship表示“情況，性質(zhì)，技巧，技能及身份，職業(yè)”：hardship,relationship,membership,friendship,seamanship,ownership,scholarship,professorship★-th,表示“動作，性質(zhì)，過程，狀態(tài)”：strength,length,width,depth,wealth,truth,growth,warmth,youth-ure表示“行為，結(jié)果”：exposure（暴露）,pressure,failure,procedure(手續(xù)),mixture-craft表示“工藝”：aircraft,needlecraft,woodcraft②形容詞后綴：a.帶有“屬性，傾向，相關(guān)”的含義：★-able,-ible:movable,comfortable,eatable,enjoyable,acceptable,reasonable,applicable,visible,responsible,terrible,horrible★-al:natural,additional,educational,national-ant,-ent:distant,important,excellent★-ing（表示特征：令人覺得）:moving,touching,daring,interesting,exciting,disappointing,astonishing,boring,amazing★-ed（表示情緒：覺得）:pleased,interested,surprised,worried,excited,bored,determined,delighted-ish:foolish,bookish,selfish★-ive:active,impressive,decisive,active,instructive,expensive,progressiveb.表示“相象，類似”的含義：-ish:boyish,childish-like:manlike,childlike-some:troublesome,handsome★-y:milky,cloudysunny,windy,rainy,foggy,healthy,wealthy,worthy,bloody,funny,dirty,lucky,noisy,salty,smelly,hilly★-ly:manly,fatherly,motherly,sisterly,brotherly,daily,weekly,monthly,quarterly,yearly,friendly,lonely,orderly,lovely,lively,likely,scholarlyc.表示“充分的”含義：★-ful:beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful,successful,harmful,useful,careful,forgetful,merciful-ous:dangerous,courageous,nervous,mountainous,humorous,variousd.表示由某種物質(zhì)形成，制成或生產(chǎn)的含義：-en:wooden,golden,woolene.表示方向的含義：-ern:eastern,western,southern,northern,southeastern,northwestern-ward:downward,forwardf.表示“數(shù)量關(guān)系”的含義：★-teen:thirteen★-ty:fifty★-th:fourth,fiftiethg.表示國籍，語種，宗教的含義：★-an:Roman,European★-ese:Chinese,Japanese-ish:English,Spanishh.表示否定：★-less:countless,stainless（不銹的）,wireless,useless,endless,priceless（無價的，貴重的）,hopeless③動詞后綴：★-ize,ise表示“做成，變成，……化”：modernize（現(xiàn)代化）,democratize（民主化）,organize,apologize,realize-en表示“使成為，引起，使有”：quicken,weaken,soften,harden★-fy表示“使……化,使成”：beautify,purify（凈化）,intensify,signify,simplify（簡化）,satisfy④副詞后綴：★-ly:possibly,swiftly,simply-ward(s):downward,inwards,upward-ways:always,sideways-wise:otherwise,clockwise注意：有的單詞有雙重后綴，如：use（用途）→useless（無用的）→uselessness（無用）self（自己）→selfish（自私的）→selfishness（自私）有的單詞則是前后綴同時使用，如：important→importance→unimportanceregular（有規(guī)律的，有規(guī)則的）→irregular（無規(guī)律的，不規(guī)則的）→irregularity（無規(guī)律，不規(guī)則）★2．合成法（1）合成名詞boyfriend,girlfriend,bus-driver,necklace,playground,radioactive,headmaster,sunshine,notebook,armchair,wheelchair,postcard,football,spaceship,blackboard,firefighter,fireman,gateman,chairman,weatherman,businessman,armyman,postman,sportsman,bedroom,reading-room,classroom,newspaper,pickpocket（扒手）,she-goat（雌性山羊）,editor-in-chief（主編）,daybreak（破曉）,handshake（握手）,silkw