2025版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第2部分人與社會(huì)主題群2文學(xué)藝術(shù)與體育主題語(yǔ)境2繪畫(huà)建筑等領(lǐng)域的代表性作品和人物教師用書(shū)教案

PAGE主題語(yǔ)境(二)繪畫(huà)、建筑等領(lǐng)域的代表性作品和人物閱讀理解A(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ·C)WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterTheireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校內(nèi))oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲線)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素)．Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums.“Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted，”hesaid.“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated，”hesaid.“Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare，”saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。該報(bào)道介紹了2012年度建筑界的最高獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)——普利茲克獎(jiǎng)的獲得者王澍及其作品的風(fēng)格和他對(duì)建筑藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新的理解。1．Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare________.A．followingthelatestworldtrendB．gettinginternationalrecognitionC．workingharderthaneverbeforeD．relyingonforeignarchitectsB[推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段其次句可知，中國(guó)49歲的建筑師王澍獲得了建筑界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)——普利茲克獎(jiǎng)，說(shuō)明中國(guó)的建筑設(shè)計(jì)師贏得了國(guó)際的認(rèn)同和確定。故選B。]2．WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A．Itshillyenvironment.B．Itslargesize.C．Itsuniquestyle.D．Itsdiversefunctions.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.”和“Thecurves(曲線)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.”可知，杭州香山學(xué)院的建筑設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格獨(dú)特，給人留下了深刻印象，故選C。]3．WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A．Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B．ThebalanceofEastandWest.C．Theuseofpopulartechniques.D．Theharmonyofoldandnew.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段第三句“ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素)．”和第六段其次句中的“Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture”可知，傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代元素的和諧共存是王澍建筑設(shè)計(jì)勝利的秘訣，故選D。]4．WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A．Spreadthemtotheworld.B．Preservethematmuseums.C．Teachtheminuniversities.D．Recreatetheminpractice.D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段第一句中“becombinedwithpractice”和其次句中“therecreationoftraditions”可知，王澍認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合實(shí)踐對(duì)傳統(tǒng)進(jìn)行再創(chuàng)新，故選D。]B(2024·浙江卷·A)BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬亂).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat'slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版畫(huà))byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(風(fēng)景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell-knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了美國(guó)繪畫(huà)之父本杰明·韋斯特小時(shí)候的藝術(shù)啟蒙。5．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B．Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C．ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D．ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.C[主旨大意題。文章從本杰明在六歲時(shí)自制畫(huà)筆作畫(huà)寫(xiě)起，到后來(lái)利用專業(yè)工具作畫(huà)，再到知名畫(huà)家送給本杰明書(shū)籍，都是在講解并描述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的。故選C項(xiàng)。]6．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.D[推理推斷題。由前文可知，本杰明在沒(méi)有專業(yè)畫(huà)筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫(huà)筆的。畫(huà)線句的字面意思是“貓的命運(yùn)將會(huì)得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫(huà)筆。由此可推知D項(xiàng)與畫(huà)線句的意思相符。]7．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章末段首句“Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知，為了更好地發(fā)展本杰明的繪畫(huà)天賦，表兄潘寧頓給了他很多幫助，供應(yīng)了創(chuàng)作油畫(huà)的材料，故選B項(xiàng)。]8．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________.A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．a(chǎn)ppreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainterD[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一段本杰明說(shuō)的話以及“Whileitislikelythatheunderstood...Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可推知，威廉姆斯給本杰明的兩本關(guān)于繪畫(huà)的著作幫助本杰明打開(kāi)了藝術(shù)之門(mén)，使他立志成為藝術(shù)家，故選D項(xiàng)。]閱讀七選五(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign—somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife？Professional？Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday？1，coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.2，theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.3.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.4.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.5.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。顏色是房間設(shè)計(jì)的基本要素之一，本文介紹了大、中、小三種物品的顏色選擇及各自的特點(diǎn)。1．B[空前的三個(gè)問(wèn)句是問(wèn)讀者想要找尋什么樣的房間設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)合空后的“coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel”可知，不管你想讓你的房間怎樣，顏色是關(guān)鍵。]2．A[空格后的“they”指代上文中的“anumberofdifferenttechniques”，且與A項(xiàng)中的“allofthem”相呼應(yīng)，A項(xiàng)“盡管它們都很有用”，符合語(yǔ)境。]3．D[其次段最終提到“thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones”，再結(jié)合最終兩段首句中的“Mediumcolorchoices”和“Thelargecolordecisions”可推斷，本段應(yīng)介紹“smallcolorchoices”，故選D項(xiàng)。]4．G[依據(jù)空后的“Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.”可知，這里講解并描述兩個(gè)方面，這與G項(xiàng)中的“intwomajorways”相照應(yīng)。]5．F[依據(jù)空前的“thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant”可知，大型物品的顏色選擇所須要的時(shí)間、精力、費(fèi)用很大，這恰與F項(xiàng)構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。]完形填空(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo，”whoserealnamecannotbe1tothepublicbecauseofItaly'sprivacylaws,2workingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.Asheoftendid,hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍賣)”3bytheItalianpolicewherethings4onthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder.There,amongmanyotherthings,Nicolospottedtwopaintingshethoughtwouldlook5abovehisdiningroomtable.Nicoloandanotherbidder6untilNicolofinallywonthepaintingsfor$32.WhenNicoloretiredandwenttoliveinSicily,he7thepaintingswithhim.Hehungthemabovethesametablehehad8fromTurin.Hisson,age15,whohad9anartappreciationclass,thoughtthattherewassomething10abouttheonewithayounggirlsittingonagardenchair.Itwassigned(簽名)“Bonnato”orsohethought,butwhenhe11it,heonlyfound“Bonnard，”aFrench12hehadneverheardof.Heboughtabookandwas13tofindapictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesame14ashisfather'spainting.“That'sthegardeninourpicture，”Nicolo'ssontoldhisfather.They15learnedthatthepaintingthey16wascalled“TheGirlwithTwoChairs.”They17theotherpaintingandlearnedthatitwas18PaulGauguin's“StillLifeofFruitonaTablewithaSmallDog.”The19calledtheItalianCultureMinistry；theofficialconfirmedthatthepaintingswere20andworthasmuchas$50million.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了工人“Nicolo”無(wú)意中在意大利警察所經(jīng)營(yíng)的拍賣會(huì)上得到了兩幅畫(huà)，最終經(jīng)過(guò)鑒定兩幅畫(huà)都是大師的原作，價(jià)值不菲。1．A.attached B．a(chǎn)llocatedC．exposed D．submittedC[依據(jù)下文的“becauseofItaly'sprivacylaws”可知主子公的真名是隱私的、不行透露的。]2．A.finished B．delayedC．considered D．triedA[依據(jù)下文的“afterworkauction(拍賣)”可知他是工作結(jié)束后去的拍賣會(huì)。]3．A.attended B．reservedC．cancelled D．runD[依據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)當(dāng)是意大利警察所經(jīng)營(yíng)的一個(gè)拍賣會(huì)。]4．A.shown B．foundC．kept D．hiddenB[依據(jù)“________bytheItalianpolice”可推斷，拍賣的東西應(yīng)是在火車上找到的。]5．A.nice B．familiarC．useful D．realA[依據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知，畫(huà)掛在餐桌上方起美觀的作用。]6．A.battled B．debatedC．discussed D．bargainedA[依據(jù)下文的“Nicolofinallywonthepaintings”可知Nicolo和另外一個(gè)競(jìng)標(biāo)者是在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。]7．A.held B．leftC．registered D．broughtD[依據(jù)“WhenNicoloretiredandwenttoliveinSicily”以及下文的“Hehungthemabovethesametablehehad________fromTurin”可推想，Nicolo把兩幅畫(huà)和那個(gè)餐桌都從Turin帶到了Sicily。]8．A.chosen B．receivedC．ordered D．movedD[參見(jiàn)上題解析。]9．A.missed B．failedC．taken D．ledC[他的兒子上過(guò)藝術(shù)鑒賞課。take“學(xué)習(xí)，修(課程)”。]10．A.concrete B．unusualC．unappealing D．naturalB[依據(jù)“Hisson，age15，whohad________anartappreciationclass”可知他的兒子上過(guò)藝術(shù)鑒賞課，覺(jué)得這幅畫(huà)不同尋常。]11．A.appreciated B．touchedC．researched D．witnessedC[依據(jù)上文的“Itwassigned(簽名)‘Bonnato’orsohethought”可知Nicolo的兒子應(yīng)當(dāng)是去查了這個(gè)簽名，但是查到的只有“Bonnard”，一個(gè)他從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的法國(guó)畫(huà)家。]12．A.painter B．designerC．a(chǎn)uthor D．a(chǎn)ctorA[參見(jiàn)上題解析。]13．A.expected B．surprisedC．a(chǎn)nxious D．readyB[依據(jù)“Heboughtabookandwas________tofindapictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesame________ashisfather'spainting”及“That'sthegardeninourpicture”可推想Nicolo的兒子買的一本書(shū)中PierreBonnard的圖片中的椅子和花園跟Nicolo得到的畫(huà)中的一模一樣，這應(yīng)當(dāng)是讓人驚異的。]14．A.room B．kitchenC．hall D．gardenD[參見(jiàn)上題解析。]15．A.apparently B．confidentlyC．eventually D．temporarilyC[依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Nicolo父子最終(eventually)知道了畫(huà)的名字。]16．A.owned B．borrowedC．sold D．stoleA[依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)是他們擁有的畫(huà)。]17．A.collected B．cleanedC．framed D．studiedD[依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他們調(diào)查了第一幅畫(huà)和它的作者之后，又去探討另外一幅畫(huà)。frame“給(圖畫(huà)或照片)配框”。]18．A.suitably B．a(chǎn)ctuallyC．rightly D．specificallyB[依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他們探討了另外一幅畫(huà)，得知這幅畫(huà)事實(shí)上是PaulGauguin的作品。]19．A.girl B．a(chǎn)rtistC．family D．policeC[依據(jù)下文信息可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)是父子倆打電話去意大利文化部求證畫(huà)的真?zhèn)?。只有family可以指代文中出現(xiàn)的父子倆。]20．A.copies B．originalsC．models D．presentsB[依據(jù)“theofficialconfirmed”可知官方證明這兩幅畫(huà)是畫(huà)家原作。]Ⅰ.寫(xiě)出所給單詞的漢語(yǔ)意思1．fruitfuladj.富有成效的2．a(chǎn)rchitecturen.建筑學(xué)3．a(chǎn)bundantadj.豐富的；充裕的4．sealv.密封；封存5．recreationn.消遣；消遣6．classicaladj.古典的7．fundamentaladj.基本的；根本的8．visualadj.視覺(jué)的9．significantadj.重大的10．changeableadj.變更無(wú)常的11．relativeadj.相關(guān)的12．a(chǎn)llocatev.安排13．submitv.提交14．delayv.延期；耽擱；延誤15．cancelv.取消16．bargainv.討價(jià)還價(jià)17．concreteadj.詳細(xì)的Ⅱ.依據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出英文單詞1．designn.設(shè)計(jì)；圖案2．stylen.風(fēng)格3．matchv.匹配4．uniqueadj.獨(dú)特的5．techniquen.技術(shù)；技藝6．modernadj.現(xiàn)代的7．registerv.注冊(cè)Ⅲ.依據(jù)所給提示寫(xiě)出派生單詞1．perfectadj.完備的→perfectlyadv.完備地2．mixv.混合；融合→mixturen.混合；融合3．winv.獲勝；贏得→winnern.獲勝者4．understandingn.理解→misunderstandingn.誤會(huì)5．a(chǎn)rtn.藝術(shù)→artistn.藝術(shù)家6．introducev.介紹→introductionn.介紹7．decidev.確定→decisionn.確定8．furnishv.裝備；配備→furnituren.家具Ⅳ.依據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)寫(xiě)出慣用習(xí)語(yǔ)1．refer_to_..._as_...稱……為……2．serve_as充當(dāng)3．tend_to趨向于4．full_of_life充溢活力5．be_familiar_with對(duì)……熟識(shí)[即時(shí)演練]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Eachwinner(win)willbegivenacopyofaModernEnglishGrammar.2．I'veonlyjustcomehere.I'mstillnotfamiliarwiththework.3．IamsurethatIcanperfectly(perfect)liveuptoyourexpectations.4．It'shardtomakeadecisionwithoutknowingallthefacts.5．Becausetheyweretomovetoanewhouse,theyboughtalotoffurniture(furnish).6．Smokingisusuallyreferredtoasabadhabit,sowemustsaynotoit.7．Theintroduction(introduce)ofnewadvancedtechniques(technique)inthefactoryisunderdiscussiontoday.Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫(xiě)出句中黑體詞的漢語(yǔ)意思)1．Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.畫(huà)筆，毛筆2．Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.處理3．Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.人力、物力、財(cái)力Ⅱ.似易實(shí)難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語(yǔ))1．...manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.[譯文]……很多優(yōu)秀的中國(guó)建筑師正在努力走上中心舞臺(tái)。2．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttime.[譯文]因此把上述問(wèn)題弄準(zhǔn)確是值得的，因?yàn)槟阆氲谝淮巫鰰r(shí)就把它弄對(duì)。Ⅲ.困難晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語(yǔ))1．Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare...[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。withoutknowingwhattheyreallyare是without介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其中whattheyreallyare是what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作knowing的賓語(yǔ)。[譯文]很多人在談?wù)搨鹘y(tǒng)時(shí)往往不知道傳統(tǒng)究竟是什么……2．Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings，前面是while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，thatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks是that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的主語(yǔ)。[譯文]雖然他可能對(duì)這些書(shū)理解甚少，但它們卻是他了解古典繪畫(huà)的入門(mén)指導(dǎo)。3．Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.[分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspaces為句子主語(yǔ)，oneofthefirststeps為表語(yǔ)，tocreatingrooms為介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾thefirststeps，you'lllovetolivein為省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞rooms。[譯文]駕馭如何在你房間中運(yùn)用顏色是創(chuàng)建你喜愛(ài)居住的房間的第一步。4．Asheoftendid,hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍賣)”runbytheItalianpolicewherethingsfoundonthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder.[分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。Asheoftendid是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍賣)”是主句，runbytheItalianpolice是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾“afterworkauction(拍賣)”，wherethingsfoundonthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“afterworkauction(拍賣)”，其中foundonthetrains是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾things。[譯文]和平常一樣，他停留在由意大利警方經(jīng)營(yíng)的“下班后拍賣會(huì)”的旁邊，那里的物品都是在火車上發(fā)覺(jué)的，賣給出價(jià)最高的競(jìng)拍者。1．viewn.景色；風(fēng)景；觀點(diǎn)；見(jiàn)解；視野vt.把……視為……；觀看[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中view的含義①Whileclimbingthemountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview.風(fēng)景②Ifwesitnearthefrontofthebus,we'llhaveabetterview.視野③Igotanopportunitytoviewthemoviebeforeitwasreleased.觀看④Inthislecture,Icanonlygiveyouapurelypersonalviewofhowwecanlivelifetothefull.觀點(diǎn)；見(jiàn)解(1)inview在視野范圍內(nèi)inviewof鑒于；考慮到inone'sview＝fromone'spointofview在某人看來(lái)(2)comeintoview看得見(jiàn)，進(jìn)入視野haveagoodviewof清晰地看到；飽覽take/holdtheviewthat...持……的觀點(diǎn)(3)view...as...把……看作……broadenourviewandgainknowledge拓寬我們的視野，并獲得學(xué)問(wèn)inviewoftheshortageoftime由于時(shí)間有限beviewedasthekeytosuccess被看作是勝利的關(guān)鍵[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Inmyview,thegreatesthappinessliesinone'ssatisfactionwithhissurroundings.②TheInternetisviewedbymanyasarevolutionaryeducationtool.③Viewed(view)fromthetopofthehill,thecitytakestheroundshapewithaflowingriverthroughit.[實(shí)力提升]——詞匯/句式升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：Ifwestandatthetopofthebuilding,weareabletoseeclearlythebeautifulsceneryofthewholecity.高級(jí)表達(dá)：Standing_at_the_top_of_the_building,weareabletohave_a_good_view_ofthebeautifulsceneryofthewholecity.(view，分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))2．a(chǎn)bandonv.拋棄；離棄；放棄；停止做(某事)n.放縱，放任；盡情(1)abandondoingsth.放棄做某事abandononeselfto沉湎于；放縱(感情)于(2)withabandon盡情；放任地(3)abandonedadj.拋棄了的；廢棄的；放縱的beabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems由于資金問(wèn)題被放棄befoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway發(fā)覺(jué)丟棄在高速馬路旁的樹(shù)林里abandonthemselvestopleasureslikedrinkingandplaying他們一味地吃喝玩樂(lè)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theyabandonedcarrying(carry)outtheplanbecauseofthebadweather.②Theytransformedanabandoned(abandon)factoryintoalab,inwhichtheycarryontheirresearch.③Tohismother'sdisappointment,theboyabandonedhimselftoplaying(play)computergames.[實(shí)力提升]——句式升級(jí)一般表達(dá)：HeabandonedhimselftotheInternetgamesanddidn'tpasstheexam.①高級(jí)表達(dá)：Abandoning_himself_to_the_Internet_games,hedidn'tpasstheexam.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))②高級(jí)表達(dá)：Abandoned_to_the_Internet_games,hedidn'tpasstheexam.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))3．existvi.存在；生存；生活；接著存在(1)existin在于existon＝liveon靠……生存；靠……生活Thereexist(s)...有……(2)existencen.存在；生存；生活inexistence現(xiàn)存的；存在的comeintoexistence/being起先存在(3)existingadj.現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)行的existonsuchasmallincome靠這么少的收入生活solvetheexistingproblemingeography解決現(xiàn)存的地理方面的問(wèn)題theonlycopyofthebookinexistence這本書(shū)現(xiàn)存的唯一版本[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thereexistsanoldhospitalatthecorner,butnooneknowswhenitcameintoexistence.(exist)②Hisfailureexistsinhismisunderstandingofthesituation.③Wehavetofindwaysofmakingtheexisting(exist)systemworkbetter.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子眾所周知，年輕人和老年人之間存在著代溝。Asisknowntoall,there_exists_a_generation_gapbetweentheyoungandtheold.4．focusn．焦點(diǎn)；集中點(diǎn)；焦距；中心v．(使)集中，聚焦(1)thefocusof……的焦點(diǎn)comeintofocus成為焦點(diǎn)bring/throw...intofocus使……成為關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)(2)focusone'sattention/eyes/energy/mindon...集中某人的留意力/目光/精力/思想于……focuson/upon集中于focusyourattentiononyourstudy把你的精力放在學(xué)習(xí)上bringtheproblemofchildabusesharplyintofocus引起人們對(duì)虐待兒童問(wèn)題的高度重視becomethefocusofthepublic成為公眾關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Healthandenvironmentalproblemshavebecomeincreasinglythefocusofattention.②Allthesidesofthequestionhavecomeintofocusnow.③Withhismindfocused(focus)onthethingsnotrelatedtohisstudies,hismarkshavefallenrapidly.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯由于她的全部精力都集中在孩子上，她好像很少有時(shí)間做別的事情。①Because_all_her_energy_is_focused_on_her_children,sheseemstohavelittletimeforanythingelse.(狀語(yǔ)從句)②With_all_her_energy_focused_on_her_children,sheseemstohavelittletimeforanythingelse.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“留意，集中精力于……”的短語(yǔ)還有：concentrateone'sattentionon,fixone'sattentionon,payattentionto等。5．impressvt.使印象深刻；使……牢記(1)impresssb.withsth.某事給某人留下印象impresssth.on/uponsb./one'smemory使某人牢記某事beimpressedwith/at/by...對(duì)……有深刻印象(2)impressionn.印象leave/makea(n)...impressiononsb.給某人留下……的印象(3)impressiveadj.令人印象深刻的beimpressedwiththenewteacher'shumoroustalk對(duì)新老師風(fēng)趣的談吐印象深刻impressthevalueofhardworkonme讓我牢記努力工作的重要性leaveadeepimpressiononpeople'sminds在人們的心中留下深刻的印象[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①M(fèi)yfirstimpression(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.②Thefirstceremonywhenwewentintocollegeisanimpressive(impress)one.③Thelittleboyimpressedmewithhisbig,brighteyesthefirsttimeIsawhim.[實(shí)力提升]——一句多譯他在音樂(lè)會(huì)上的表演給我留下了很深的印象。①Heimpressed_me_deeply_withhisperformanceattheconcert.(impress)②Iwas_deeply_impressed_with/at/byhisperformanceattheconcert.(beimpressed)③Hisperformanceattheconcertleft/made_a_deep_impression_onme.(impression)6．spotn.地點(diǎn)；場(chǎng)所；斑點(diǎn)；污點(diǎn)v.發(fā)覺(jué)；認(rèn)出；弄臟[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中spot的含義①Wefoundseveralgoodcampingspotsbytheriver.地點(diǎn)；場(chǎng)所②Ifcancersarespottedearly,thereisahighchanceofsurvival.發(fā)覺(jué)③Someofthespotsonyourtrousersarehardtoremove.斑點(diǎn)；污點(diǎn)④Thefloorwasspottedwithpaint,whichmadehimembarrassed.弄臟(1)onthespot在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)；當(dāng)場(chǎng)inaspot處于逆境(2)spotsb.doingsth.發(fā)覺(jué)某人正在做某事bespottedwith滿是……斑點(diǎn)；點(diǎn)綴spotsomethingmovingonthewall發(fā)覺(jué)有東西在墻上動(dòng)yellowwithlittleredspots黃色，帶有紅色斑點(diǎn)putusinabitofaspot使我們困難重重[名師點(diǎn)津]spot作“地點(diǎn)”講，用作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞時(shí)，從句如缺狀語(yǔ)則用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Ireadthroughthefirstpageofthebookandspotted(spot)aspellingmistake.②IwishourgovernmentcouldsetupmorefreeWi-FispotswherewecanaccesstheInternetonourphone.③Iwasinaspotwhenmycarranoutofgasonthatlonelyroad.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子我打電話幾分鐘后警察就趕到了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。Thepolicewere_on_the_spotwithinafewminutesofmytelephonecall.7．reserven.愛(ài)護(hù)區(qū)；愛(ài)護(hù)圈；預(yù)備品，貯存；保留；候補(bǔ)隊(duì)員vt.儲(chǔ)備，保存；保留；預(yù)約，預(yù)訂[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中reserve的含義①Inthepast,villagersusuallykeptalargereserveoffirewoodforcoldweather.貯存②Weweretoldthatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,butfortheweekafter.預(yù)定③ChangbaishanisChina'slargestnaturereserveandishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.愛(ài)護(hù)區(qū)④Ifyouorderafterthat,wereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequestsatthediscountedprice.保留(1)withoutreserve毫無(wú)保留地；直言不諱inreserve貯存；備用reservesth.forsb.為某人保留某物(2)reservationn.保留；預(yù)訂(房間、座位等)makeareservation預(yù)訂(座位、房間等)bereservedforspecialguests留給貴賓的acceptmyadvicewithoutreserve毫無(wú)保留地接受我的建議keepsomemoneyinreserve,justincase存些錢(qián)備用，以防萬(wàn)一[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Whentalkingtoafriend,weshouldbefrankandwithoutreserve.②Wehadmadeourreservation(reserve)sixmonthsearlier,butthegirlatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.③Hewentdirectlytothereserved(reserve)seat,onlytofindaladywasthere.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子首先，我認(rèn)為有效的方式就是以一種科學(xué)的方式為將來(lái)儲(chǔ)備水源。Firstly,aneffectiveway,Ithink,istoreserve_water_in_a_scientific_wayforfutureuse.1．ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.這個(gè)學(xué)校的建筑風(fēng)格與大多數(shù)中國(guó)高校有很大的不同。[句型公式]that用作替代詞替代前面提到的thestyleofthecampus。(1)that可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的不行數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于theone。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為those，相當(dāng)于theones。(2)one指代前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的那類事物中的“一個(gè)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。(3)it特指前面提到過(guò)的同一個(gè)人或者物。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①I'mmovingtothecountryside,becausetheairthereismuchfresherthanthatinthecity.②Helpingothersisahabit,oneyoucanlearnatanearlyage.③Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilartothosedescribedinthismagazine.④Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront.butIdon'thaveenoughmoneytobuyit.2．Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.無(wú)論你關(guān)注的是墻紙還是涂料，所投入的時(shí)間、精力和相關(guān)費(fèi)用都是巨大的。[句型公式]Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint是whether...or...引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論……還是……”。(1)whether...or...引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。(2)whether...or.../whether...ornot還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。[名師點(diǎn)津]引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)有時(shí)可用if替代whether，意為“是否”，但是if不能位于句首，不能干脆與not連用，不能引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，也不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空①Parentstodaydotheirbesttoleavepossessionsfortheirkids,whethertheyarerichorpoor.②Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.③Thisdecisionwillhaveeffectsonwhetherornothewillsucceed.[實(shí)力提升]——完成句子不管你是否獲勝，你都會(huì)得到一個(gè)禮物。Whether_you_achieve_your_victory_or_not,youshallgetagift.夯基固本·學(xué)問(wèn)落實(shí)Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniversefirstcameintoexistence(exist)．2．Severalteenagerswerespottedclearing(clear)awaytheadlets(小廣告)onthelightposts.3．FromJane'sface,Icouldseeshewasterrifiedofbeing_abandoned(abandon)byus.4．Thedresslooksgreatwithcolorfulspots(spot)onit.5．Yourartskillsareexcellentandadmirable,whichleavesmeadeepimpression(impress).Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1．Ihavedecidedtotakethejoboffer,whetheritisgoodorbad.2．Littlejoycanequalthatofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.3．Itisadvisabletokeepsomefoodinreserveincaseofemergency.4．Ifyoufocusyourattentiononyourstudy,youwillmakerapidprogress.5．Inmyview,thebestfriendistheonewithwhomtoshareyoursorrowandjoy.強(qiáng)技提能·學(xué)問(wèn)應(yīng)用Ⅰ.完形填空LeonardodaVincibeganpaintingtheMonaLisain1503.Hewasworking1aspecialpaintingforachurchatthattime，23well.AnItalianbusinessmanaskedhimtopaintapictureofhissecond4.ThisisthewomanwhocanbeseenintheMonaLisa.Allinall，theMonaLisaisaverygoodexampleofdaVinci's5，anditsatisfiedthehusband.DaVinciused6andlightinaclever7inthepainting.DaVincilovedscienceand8.Rightawayapersoncanseethatthereisalotofgeometry(幾何形態(tài))intheMonaLisa.ThefaceofMonaLisaismadeofmanycirclesandroundshapeslike9.Evenher1011canbeseenbehindher.DaVincilovedtostudyrocks，sothesecanbeseen12inhisotherpaintings.Thewomanissittingwithherkneestoaside.Herheadisturnedtolookoutofthepainting.Herhandsare13togetherinfrontofher.Thiswayof14isnowusedbymany15whentheyarebeingpainted.TheMonaLisa【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇記敘文，描述了達(dá)·芬奇的經(jīng)典作品《蒙娜麗莎》。作者對(duì)該名作中的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，如蒙娜麗莎的坐姿、該畫(huà)的畫(huà)法進(jìn)行了分析，并就達(dá)·芬奇在某些方面的才能進(jìn)行了描述。1．A.up B．inC．on D．a(chǎn)boutC[workonsth.“忙于某事”，表示在做某一件詳細(xì)的事情。]2．A.but B．thusC．however D．soA[依據(jù)上下文陳述的內(nèi)容可以看出，上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選but。]3．A.doing B．goingC．making D．workingB[gowell“進(jìn)展順當(dāng)”，此處指教堂繪畫(huà)的進(jìn)展不夠順當(dāng)。]4．A.servant B．daughterC．nurse D．wifeD[一位意大利商人要求達(dá)·芬奇為他的其次任妻子畫(huà)一張像，由下文“這幅畫(huà)讓那位丈夫很滿足”推知，此處應(yīng)填wife。]5．A.works B．jobsC．novels D．photosA[句意：總之，《蒙娜麗莎》是達(dá)·芬奇作品的一個(gè)很好的例子……。works“作品”。]6．A.heaviness B．blackC．dark D．oilsC[由下文的light示意此處應(yīng)填dark，指繪畫(huà)時(shí)