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2025屆湖南省邵東縣十中英語高三上期末達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)模擬試題注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在條形碼區(qū)域內(nèi)。2.答題時(shí)請(qǐng)按要求用筆。3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔,不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分(共20小題,每小題1.5分,滿分30分)1._____here,comeandhaveacupoftea.A.Passing B.Topass C.Pass D.Havingpassed2.Hardlyever______somanychoicesforyoungpeopleenteringtheworkforceastherearetoday.A.thereare B.therehavebeen C.havetherebeen D.a(chǎn)rethere3.Iappreciate______theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.A.giving B.togive C.beinggiven D.tobegiven4.—DoyouknowwhatEUstandsfor,Tommy?—Sure.ItstandsfortheEuropeanUnion,______Europeanpoliticalandeconomicorganizationthatencouragestradeandfriendshipbetween______countriesthataremembers.A.a(chǎn)n;the B.a(chǎn);the C.the;/ D.a(chǎn)n;/5.Wearelivinginanagemostofthingsaredoneoncellphones.A.which B.thatC.whose D.when6.-Whodoyouthinkisabletofinishthejobintwodays?-It'shardtosay.Thiswouldappeartobe________fortherelativelyefficient.A.a(chǎn)sacredcowB.a(chǎn)HerculeantaskC.a(chǎn)Pandora'sboxD.a(chǎn)child'splay7.Heisabad-temperedfellow,buthe________bequitecharmingwhenhewishes.A.shall B.shouldC.can D.must8.Mr.Chapmanretiredat70afterhenearly40yearswiththeGasCompany.A.hadspent B.hasspent C.spends D.wouldspend9.It’snearlyfouryearssinceIworkedinthatfirm.I________abandwithotherfellows.A.operated B.hadbeenoperatingC.wasoperating D.a(chǎn)moperating10.Intheearlymorningallofusstoodatthetopofthemountain___________eastofthecity,watching__________burningsunrising.A./;a B.the;aC.the;the D./;the11.Hewasforcedtospendanothernightattheairport____forhisplane.A.waitingB.beingwaitedC.waitedD.tobewaited12.Ifpeoplekeeppollutingtheocean,nocreaturetherewillsurvive______.A.a(chǎn)tallcost B.foralongwhileC.inthelongrun D.bynomeans13.Atschool,itisessentialthateverychild______equallyregardlessoffamilybackground.A.treatingB.treatedC.betreated D.istreated14.Aseconomyisdeclining,jobs________totheyoung,continuetobescarce.A.a(chǎn)vailableB.convenientC.comfortableD.valuable15.--Whoisdancingtomusicinthenextroom?--________thechildren.A.Itis B.Theyare C.Thatis D.Thereare16.AsurveysuggeststhattheroyalweddingofPrinceWilliamandKateMiddleton_____agreatboostforBritisheconomybecausealargenumberofvisitorsareexpectedtogo.A.willbe B.hasbeen C.was D.be17.Iwantedtogiveyousomebread,but________wasleft.A.neither B.nothingC.none D.noone18.__________62%ofallluxuryconsumersalesinEuropein2015,shoppersfromtheChinesemainlandspent$7.2billionoverseasduringtheSpringFestival.A.Accountingfor B.AddingtoC.Consistingof D.Makingup19.Ifwe________atableinadvance,wewouldn'tbestandinghereinthelongqueue.A.reserve B.reservedC.havereserved D.hadreserved20.—Whatabouttheprotectionofthesenewmachines?—Let’skeepthesurface________dustbyputtingacoveroverthem.A.farfromB.a(chǎn)partfromC.freefromD.a(chǎn)wayfrom第二部分閱讀理解(滿分40分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21.(6分)InspiringArchaeologicalStudyToursacrosstheWorldin2017…AnArchaeologicalToursgetawayisanarchaeologylover’svacationlikenoother.Wehaveanexcitingselectionoftoursdepartingin2017withunsurpassedservice.Here’sasmallselectionofwhatwehavetooffer.Alsoacodeforyou:Neverallow(Jogstorunfree-lytheretokeeptheplantsandanimalsliveinpeaceandgetridofrubbishproperly.Becarefultoburyyourtoiletwasteandkeeptothedesignedtracks.Guatemala&BelizeCoonthetrailofMesoamericancivilizationsinthelushforests,ruggedfoothills(丘陵地帶),andmoderncitiesofthesefascinatingsitesincentralAmerica.January6-20,2017l$6,495Ghana,Togo&BeninWitnessthemeetingofthrivingtraditions,ancientpast,andforward-lookingpresentinincomparableWestAfrica.February7-22,20171$7,495AncientEgyptFromthepyramidsofGizatotheValleysoftheKingsandQueens,discovertheglorioussplendorsofancientEgypt.February&November2017l$5,995CentralMexicoFollowtheancientcivilizationsoftheToltec,Aztec,Zapotec,OlmecandMixtecacrossthecentreofmagnificentMexicoinNorthAmerica.March11-24,2017l$5,795IranDiscoverthebeautyandmajestyofIran’slong-passedempires,earlymodemdynasties,andtimelessscenery.April,September&October2017l$7,995Malta,Sardinia&CorsicaExplorethecharacteristicgeologicalenvironmentsanduniqueculturalandpoliticalhistoriesofthesethreeislandsinSouthEurope.April19-May4,20171$7,49569、Accordingtothetravelleaflet,visitorsshouldtour________.A.withcalmnessandcuriosityB.withself-defenceandhonourC.withconventionandreligionD.withself-disciplineandprotection1、TomiskeenonearlymoderndynastywhilehiswifeenjoysAfricatraditions.Whichplacesaretheirbestchoices?A.AncientEgyptandCentralMexico.B.Guatemala,BelizeandIran.C.Ghana,Benin,TogaandIran.D.Malta,SardiniaandCorsica.22.(8分)Collegevisitsareimportant.Beforeyoucommityearsofyourlifeandmoneytoaschool,besureyou'rechoosingaplacethatisagoodmatchforyourpersonalityandinterests.Youcan'tgetthe“feel”ofaschoolfromanyguidebook,sobesuretovisitthecampus.Belowareafewtipsforgettingthemostoutofyourcollegevisit.ExploreonYourOwnOfcourseyoushouldtaketheofficialcampustour,butbesuretoallowtimetohangaroundonyourown.Thetrainedtourguideswillshowyouaschool'ssellingpoints.Buttheoldestandprettiestbuildingsdon'tgiveyoutheentirepictureofacollege.Trytowalktheextramileandgetthecompletepictureofthecampus.ReadtheBulletinBoardsWhenyouvisitthestudentcenter,academicbuildingsandresidencehalls,takeafewminutestoreadthebulletinboards.Theyprovideaneasywaytoseewhat'shappeningoncampus.Theadsforlectures,clubsandplayscantellyouwhat'sgoingonoutsidetheclassrooms.EatintheDiningHallYoucangetagoodfeelforstudentlifebyeatinginthedininghall.Trytositwithstudentsifyoucan.Dothestudentsseemhappyorstressed?Also,isthefoodgood?Arethereadequatehealthyoptions?Manyadmissionofficeswillgiveprospectivestudentscoupons(優(yōu)惠券)forfreemealsinthedininghalls.VisitaClassinYourMajorIfyouknowwhatyouwanttostudy,aclassvisitmakesalotofsense.You'llgettoobserveotherstudentsinyourfieldandseehowinvolvedtheyareinclassroomdiscussion.Trytostayafterclassforafewminutesandchatwiththestudentstogettheirimpressionsoftheirprofessorsandmajor.Besuretocallinadvancetoscheduleaclassroomvisit-mostcollegesdon'tallowvisitorstodropinatclassunannounced.TalktoLotsofStudentsYourcampustourguidehasbeentrainedtomarkettheschool.Trytotalktostudentswhoaren'tgettingpaidtoimpressyou.Theseimportantconversationscanoftenprovideyouwithinformationaboutcollegelifethatisn'tpartoftheadmissionscript.Fewuniversityofficialswilltellyouiftheirstudentsspendallweekenddrinkingorstudying,butagroupofrandomstudentsmight.Formoretips,pleasegotocollegeapps.about.com.1、Thebestwaytoknowaboutacollegeinanofficialcampustouris______________.A.towalkaroundthecampusaloneB.totakepicturesofthecampusC.tovisittheoldestandprettiestbuildingsD.tohireatrainedtourguide2、Readingthebulletinboardscanhelpyou______________A.decide-themajoryouwanttostudyB.findouttheafter-classactivitiesoncampusC.getfreecouponsfromtheadmissionofficesD.findouttheoptionsofhealthyfood3、Ifyouplantoattendaclassoncampus,____________.A.dropinataclassinyourmajorB.havetalkswithstudentsbeforeclassC.makeanappointmentinadvanceD.a(chǎn)sktheprofessorforpermission4、Togetarealideaofthecollegeduringavisit,it'sbesttotalkto_____________A.famousprofessors B.campustourguidesC.a(chǎn)dmissionofficers D.randomstudents5、Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Anewsreport.B.Atouristposter.C.Aneducationaljournal.D.Ageographicalmagazine.23.(8分)There'sacuriousthingaboutpeople.Allofusaredriveninsomewayoranothertoachieve—wewanttorunfaster,bemorecreative,winmoreawards,andearnmoremoney.Buthere'sthething:ifyouwanttoofferwarmwordsofwisdom,constructivecriticismor"360-degreefeedback(反饋;反應(yīng))",thenthinkagain.Mostofuswouldrathernothearit.Oureasily-brokenegos(自尊心)arepartlytoblame.Weallwanttomeetourownexpectationsofourselves,andsobeingcriticizedcanpresentahugethreattoouregos.Yetasdecadesofpsychologicaltheoryandresearchhaveindicated,peoplehaveendlesstrickystrategies(策略)ofremainingpositiveinthefaceofcriticism.Forthisreason,ratherthanuswelcomingfeedbackwithopenarms,ourfirstresponseisoftenanautomaticdefense.Thesereactionsservetomakeusfeelbetteraboutourselves.Psychologicalresearchexposesthisunhealthyappetiteforignorance.Inonestudy,studentswatchedafalseeducationalfilmaboutaseriousdiseasecalled"TAADeficiency".Infact,TAADeficiencyiscompletelyfictional,butthestudentswerenottoldthisinformation;instead,theywereaskedwhethertheywishedtoprovideacheektestforassessing(評(píng)估)theirriskofdevelopingthedisease.HalfofthestudentsweretoldthatiftheyeverdevelopedTAADeficiency,thenthetreatmentwouldinvolvethemtakingatwo-weekcourseofpills.Ofthisgroup,52%agreedtoprovidethecheektest.Theotherhalfofstudentslearnedthetreatmentwouldinvolvetakingthepillsfortherestoftheirlives.Ofthisgroup,only21%agreedtothetest.Thesefindingsshowacommonpatternseeninotherstudieswithinandbeyondthecontext(背景)ofhealthcare.Thatis,peopleareespeciallyresistanttohearingfeedbackwhentheybelieveitcouldforcethemtodosomethingdifficultorunpleasant.1、Whatcanweinferfromparagraph1?A.Peopleshouldbesatisfiedwithwhattheyhave.B.Peopleshouldofferconstructivecriticism.C.Peopleshouldbecautiouswhengivingadvice.D.Peopleshouldcarelessaboutothers.2、Howdopeopleusuallyreactwhenfacingcriticism?A.Theytrytoacceptit.B.Theydealwithitseriously.C.Theytendtosupportorprotectthemselves.D.Theyturntopsychologicaltheory.3、Whydidn'tmostofthesecondgroupagreetothetest?A.Theydidn'tbelieveintheresult.B.Theyknewtherewasn'tsuchadisease.C.Theyweresensitivetothenegativeresult.D.Theydidn'tagreewiththetest.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.MeetingCriticismB.RethinkingFeedbacksC.ImprovingHealthcareD.FightingTAADeficiency24.(8分)Howmanygirlsinthisworldfallbehind?Theanswerishard—toomanytocount.Thisiswhythephrase“GoGetItGirl”poppedupinmyheadoneday.Thiswouldbemyproject.ThusbeginsthejourneyofmyColdAwardproject,thelargestandmostimportantstepofGirlScouts(女童子軍).“GoGetItGirl”isagirl’sself-empowerment(自我授權(quán))projectcenteredonawebsitecalled.Itfocusesonareasincludingeducation,health,andfinancialliteracy.Theeducationsectionincludesinformationonapplyingtocollegeand,maintaininggoodgrades.Thehealthsectioncontainsinformationonbasichealthandself-respect.Lastly,thefinancialliteracysectionhasalltheinformationagirlneedstomanagehermoneyproperly.Aspartofmyproject,Iwasabletoworkone-on-onewithgirlsinelementary,middle,andhighschool.Igaveaspeechatalocalhighschool’sCollegeNight.IspoketoHispanicgirlsandtheirparentsaboutapplyingtocollege.Inaddition,IworkedwithanorganizationcalledCoolGirls,Inc.CoolGirlsisanorganizationfocusedontheadvancementofgirlsinallaspectsoftheirdevelopment.Iworkedattheafterschoolprogram,CoolGirlsClub.ThegirlsIworkedwithwereprimarilyminorities,andCoolGirlstrulyhelpsthemtoriseaboveanycurrentdifficultiesintheirlives.Toprovideinspirationforthegirlswhovisit,Iinterviewedsuccessfulwomeninmycommunity,includingadoctorandbusinessowner.Theprojecthasbeenalotofwork,aridit’snotoveryet.Itwillneverbeover,hopefully,becauseIwillalwayslookforwaystohelpgirls.1、603.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“poppedup”inParagraphto)referto?A.tookroot.B.gainedpopularity.C.madeitsway.D.a(chǎn)ppearedallofasudden.2、605.Whatdoesthewritermainlytellusinthefirstparagraph?A.Whythewriterstarted“GoGetItGirl’.B.Whymanygirlsfallbehind.C.HowGirlScoutsisfounded.D.WhatGirlScoutsrefersto.3、607.Whatcanhelpagirllearnhowtomakebothendsmeet?A.Education.B.CoolGirlsClub.C.Financialliteracy.D.CollegeNight.4、609.Whydidthewriterinterviewsuccessfulwomeninthecommunity?A.TofinishtheGoldAwardprojectassoonaspossible.B.Tooffergoodideastogirlsvisiting.C.Topromotethelocalcommunityconstruction.D.Toseekfinancialsupportfortheproject25.(10分)FerryServicesFareTableEffectivefrom1stApril2019.CashOnlyisacceptedonboardourFerries.ReturnFaresforMainlandtoBressay;MainlandtoWhalsay;MainlandtoYell;YelltoUnst.AllFaresareRETURN-PayableonoutboundjourneyonlyPassengerAdult£5.50OAPs(WithSICPass)&Childrenupto19£1.00DisabledConcessionarySICPassHolders£0.00Adult10MultiJourneyTicket£22.70Vehicles-FaresincludedriverVehiclesuptoandincluding5.50mReturn£13.60MotorcyclesReturn£11.00Motorhome5.5m-9m£20.50Motorhome9m-12m£23.50Motorhome12m+£27.00Vehicle(<5.5m)10JourneyTicket£90.00Motorcycle10JourneyTicket£72.00*ForYelltoUnst,thefarepayableisthesameastheother“returnfare”routes.HoweverifyourjourneyoriginatedontheMainland(youhavehadtousetwoferriesonthesamedayorafter18:00fromthedaybefore)thenyouwillonlybechargedtheonefareonYell.PleaseretaintheticketyouweresoldontheYellferryforpresentingontheUnstferry.685、Howwillyoupayforyourticketontheferry?A.Incash. B.Bycreditcard.C.WithSICPass. D.Allofabove.1、Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.TheinformationaboveisnoteffectiveonChildren’sDay,2019.B.It’sfreeforthedisabledwithoutanSICpass.C.Thevehiclesfaresvaryinthesizesofthem.D.Youcanseethefareinformationfor3routesinthetable.2、Jack(10yearsold)andhisparentswilltravelfrommainlandtoWhalsayintheircar,howmuchwilltheypay?A.£12.00 B.£25.60C.£20.10 D.£21.003、Thebestmeaningoftheunderlinedword“return”is________.A.Theactofgiving,puttingorsendingsomethingback.B.Paymentorrewardforsomething.C.Achangebacktoapreviousstate.D.Aticketforajourneyfromoneplacetoanotherandbackagain.4、HowmuchwillbechargedifyougofrommainlandtoYell,thentoUnstonthesameday?A.£11.00. B.£5.50.C.£6.50. D.£22.70.第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié))第一節(jié)(每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).26.(30分)Therewasonceagroupofyoungpeoplesearchingeverywhereforhappinessbutwhattheygotwasonlyannoyance,griefandmisery.Sothey1Socratesforadviceonwherehappiness2But3givinganyanswers,Socratesaskedthemtohelpwithbuildinga4first.Thegroupofguyshadto5thetask,layingasidetheirownbusinessofseekinghappiness.Ittookthemalongtimetocutdownatalltree,gougingout(挖空)thecenter.Throughpainstakingeffort,theymadeacanoeoutofthetree.Theylaunchedthecanoeintoariver,andthen6togetherinit,singingwith7.Socratesasked,“Mychildren,doyouhavehappinessnow?”Theyansweredinchorus:“We8behappier!”Socrates9,“That’sit!10youaretoobusypursuingsomethingtonoticeanythingbitter,happinesswilloccur.”FromthestoryIgottoknowthathappiness11hidesbehindeverytinythingthatyouareinvolvedin,andthatyoumayonlygetpleasurethrough12workandcreativity.Wemayhaveto13paininourdailylifeandintheprocessof14happiness.Sometimeswetendtolookforhappinessin15things,likeanewcar,clothes,etc.Truelongtermhappiness,however,comesfromwithinour16andspirit.Sowhynotturnsufferinginto17life,and18tearsintothelightinyourheart?Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeitthroughandfindtruehappiness.Somydearfriends,justrememberhappinessisastateofmindandamatterof19,andI20youallalifeofhappiness.1、A.pointedto B.referredto C.turnedto D.keptto2、A.lay B.belonged C.stood D.laid3、A.a(chǎn)partfrom B.insteadof C.otherthan D.forfearof4、A.house B.boat C.bridge D.school5、A.setabout B.setdown C.setout D.setup6、A.sat B.stood C.got D.rowed7、A.joy B.sorrow C.curiosity D.hope8、A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.needn’t9、A.declared B.thought C.a(chǎn)dded D.a(chǎn)ssumed10、A.Unless B.Whenever C.Until D.However11、A.never B.a(chǎn)lways C.ever D.seldom12、A.cautious B.endless C.hard D.effective13、A.experience B.a(chǎn)void C.enjoy D.deny14、A.searching B.seeking C.hoping D.improving15、A.spiritual B.nice C.new D.material16、A.body B.part C.soul D.head17、A.blaming B.praising C.ending D.cursing18、A.turn B.put C.divide D.draw19、A.time B.energy C.fact D.choice20、A.wish B.promise C.bring D.Require第二節(jié)(每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27.(15分)Thisweek,we’repreparingforoneofthenewest1.(tradition)eventsinourcountry:BlackFriday.It’sthatcrazygatheringofretail(零售)-relatedviolence,atime2.storesofferonce-a-yearpromotionalsalestosetoffthecustomers’greedinessandjump-starttheChristmasshoppingseasonwithasuddenactivityina3.(crowd)space.ThegeneralfeelinghasbeensetbytheHamleysChristmasToyParadeinLondon,inwhich800,000peopleranintoRegentStreet,apparentlyattractedby4.possibilityofa“meet-and-greet”withPeppaPigthatsadly5.(have)tobecancelledatthelastmomentonsafetygrounds.Asitwas,amiddle-agedwoman6.(report)hadtobetakentohospitalafter7.(knock)tothegroundinafightwithanotherwoman.Forthepeoplewhodislikeshopping,suchasme,anydaywithshoppinginitisablackday,andBlackFridayisthemostworrying8.a(chǎn)ll.However,Icanseethereasoningforretailers.Whyspendalotofmoneyonnewspaperads,whenyoucanoffer50iPhoneXsat£5eachtothefirstfifty9.(consume)?Therelatedmedia10.(cover)oftheresultingdisorderis,astheysay,priceless.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié))第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(滿分10分)28.(10分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1、每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2、只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Atfirst,Iwasnotquitewillingtositdownandwatchedthe90-minutefootballmatch、UsuallyIjustcheckedtheresultsbecauseIthoughtthatwasdulltowatchagameinthatplayerskickedaballtoeachother、Therefore,myfatherlovesfootball、DuringtheWorldCupin2006,mydadstaysuplatejusttowatchhisfavouritesport、Seeinghimstronglyinterestinthisgameof22menrunafteraball,Idecidedtositdowntowatchthegame、Ifoundgameexciting,andmydadexplainedfortherules、Wesharedourjoy、FootballisnottoobadlyaslongasIwatchitwithmydad!第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)29.(25分)假定你是李華,你的家鄉(xiāng)黃岡在剛剛舉行的大型城市文化旅游節(jié)目“魅力中國城”的評(píng)選活動(dòng)中,榮獲“十佳魅力城市”。請(qǐng)你給你的英國朋友Mike寫封信,宣傳你的家鄉(xiāng)并邀請(qǐng)他來你的家鄉(xiāng)做客。內(nèi)容包括:1.簡(jiǎn)要介紹黃岡;2.邀請(qǐng)。參考詞匯:魅力中國城CharmingCitiesinChina十佳topten注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。DearMike,I'mLiHua._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sincerelyyours,LiHua
參考答案第一部分(共20小題,每小題1.5分,滿分30分)1、A2、C3、C4、B5、D6、B7、C8、A9、D10、A11、A12、C13、C14、A15、A16、A17、C18、A19、D20、C第二部分閱讀理解(滿分40分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21、America’sbusinessesaregettingolderandfatter,whilemanynewbusinessesaredyingininfancy.AstudylastmonthbytheBrookingsInstitutionfoundthattheproportionofolderfirmshasgrownsteadilyoverseveraldecades,whilethesurvivalrateofnewcompanieshasfallen.Inaddition,youngpeoplearestartingcompaniesatasharplylowerratethaninthepast.AnewreportfromtheNationalAssociationofManufacturersshowsamajorcause:Thecostofobeyinggovernmentregulationshasrisentomorethan$2trillion(12.26trillionyuan)annually,or12percentoftheGDP,andthiscostfallsdisproportionatelyonsmaller,newerbusinesses.It’srisky,difficultandexpensivetostartabusiness,andgettingmoreso.Governmentsareimposingvariousnewrulesonaseeminglydailybasis:healthinsurance,minimumwageincreasesand,mostrecentlyinCalifornia,compulsorypaidsickdaysforevenhourlyemployees.Theseregulationsshifthugesocialwelfarecostsdirectlyontooften-strugglingsmallbusinesses,whilebeingproportionallymuchlesscostlyforlargercompanies.Thisispartlyanunintendedissueofresources—establishedcompaniescancopewithnewcostsmoreeasily—butit’salsodeliberate.Forinstance,biginsurancecompaniesgotaseatatthetabletohelpwriteObamacare,butlesspoliticallypowerfulfirms—likemedicaldevicemanufacturers—gotsqueezed.Mature,successfulcorporationscanemployex-lawmakerswithconnections,distributecampaigncontributionsandevenwriteregulationsforthemselves.Theyarealsomorelikelytowanttoprotectsteadyrevenuestreamsthanrevolutionizetheirindustry.Majorcompaniesthathavebeensoill-managedtheywouldotherwisecollapse—airlines,carcompaniesandbanks—stagger(蹣跚)onbecausepoliticiansridetotherescuewithbagsoftaxpayermoney.Thegeniusofouruniquesystemofgovernmentisthedeterminationtoprotectanddefendtherightsoftheindividualovertherightsofthenation.Assuch,theriseofawell-connectedoligarchy(寡頭政治)thatprotectsbigbusinessattheexpenseofsmallbusiness,andtheestablishedoverthenew,isoppositetoAmericanideals.Incomeinequality—whichisdirectlycausedbyfaultygovernmentpolicy—isbeingpromotedasthereasontoimposemoreofthatbadpolicy.Butlet’sbeperfectlyclear,wedonothaveafreemarketbutonewheregovernmentpickswinnersandlosersthroughregulationsandfinancialaids.Politicsis,andalwayshasbeen,ab
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