新概念第四冊筆記（完美版）

新概念第四冊筆記（完美版）Lesson1Findingfossilman發(fā)現(xiàn)化石人Wecanreadofthingsthathappened5,000yearsagointheNearEast,wherepeoplefirstlearnedtowrite.Buttherearesomepartsoftheworldwhereevennowpeoplecannotwrite.Theonlywaythattheycanpreservetheirhistoryistorecountitassagaslegendshandeddownfromonegenerationofstorytellerstoanother.Theselegendsareusefulbecausetheycantellussomethingaboutmigrationsofpeoplewholivedlongago,butnonecouldwritedownwhattheydid.AnthropologistswonderedwheretheremoteancestorsofthePolynesianpeoplesnowlivinginthePacificIslandscamefrom.ThesagasofthesepeopleexplainthatsomeofthemcamefromIndonesiaabout2,000yearsago.Butthefirstpeoplewhowerelikeourselveslivedsolongagothateventheirsagas,iftheyhadany,areforgotten.Soarchaeologistshaveneitherhistorynorlegendstohelpthemtofindoutwherethefirst‘modernmen’camefrom.Fortunately,however,ancientmenmadetoolsofstone,especiallyflint,becausethisiseasiertoshapethanotherkinds.Theymayalsohaveusedwoodandskins,butthesehaverottedaway.Stonedoesnotdecay,andsothetoolsoflongagohaveremainedwheneventhebonesofthemenwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.ROBINPLACEFindingfossilmanNewwordsandexpressions生詞短語recount/ri'kaunt/v.敘述/'rei'kaunt/再數(shù)一次record/'rek[d//ri'kC:d/第一個音節(jié)帶重音，名前動后敘述：recount:emotionless重復(fù)describedepict：alittleemotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial根據(jù)時間或空間順序描述。portray：描述saga/'sa:g[/n.英雄故事描述的內(nèi)容mostlyreal北歐海盜活動的故事legend/'ledV[nd/n.傳說，傳奇unreale.grobinhoodanthropologist/'AnWr['pCl[dVist/n.人類學(xué)家anthrop：人philosophere:philo＋sopher|愛＋智慧＝哲學(xué)家philanthropist:慈善家（對人有愛心的人）anthropology:人類學(xué)帶gy結(jié)尾的都是學(xué)科：biology生物學(xué)geography地理學(xué)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)remote/ri'm[ut/n.遙遠ancestor/'Ansest[/n.祖先an在前面forefather,forebear，predecessor祖先rot/rCt/v.爛掉leavemerot.＝leavemealongrottodeath.soonripe,soonrotten.decay國家民族逐漸衰亡depose逐漸衰竭deteriorate關(guān)系逐漸惡化trace/treis/n.痕跡，蹤跡tracetheproblemifollowyourtrace＝ifollowwhereyougopolynesia波利尼西亞poly多polyandric:awifewithmorethanonehusbandpolygeny:ahusbandwithmorethanonewifeflint/flint/n.燧石flintingheartedfossil/'fCsl/n.化石cobble鵝卵石Notesonthetext課文注釋readof讀到談到：speakof,talkof,knowof,hearofneareast：近東mediterranean,southeurope,northafricfareast非限定性從句，表原因oral(spoken)languageisearlierthanwrittenlanguage.precede:什么在什么之前，不用比較，直接跟名詞counterpart:twothingsortwopeoplehavethesamepositionoral(spoken)languageisearlierthanwrittencounterpart.preserve:保留，保存（腌制）如果句中有only，那后面的表語結(jié)構(gòu)就要用todosth,而不是doingsth.storyteller:講故事的人fortuneteller,palmreader:算命先生migration：移民１）migrant２）immigrantv.migrate:遷移，遷徙migratorybird:候鳥none:nobodypeople＋s民族iftheyhadany:即便是有hisrelatives,ifhehadany,neverwenttovisithimwhenhewashospitalized.findout千方百計，費盡周折＝exploremodernmen:themenwhowerelikeourselveshowever－anywhereyouwant,加逗號but,yet－不加標點，onlyatthebeginningofthesentencetherefore－自由so－自由tool:小工具instrument:實驗器械equipment:設(shè)備shape:成型；教育，改造mayalsohave:表推測peel:果皮leather:皮革hide:獸皮cowhide:牛皮without(any)trace:無影無蹤Lesson2Sparethatspider別傷害蜘蛛Why,youmaywonder,shouldspidersbeourfriends?Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsecteatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtousorourbelongings.Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostataglanceforaspideralwayshaseightlegsandaninsectnevermorethansix.Howmanyspidersareengagedinthisworkonourbehalf?OneauthorityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andheestimatedthatthereweremorethan2,250,000inoneacre,thatissomethinglike6,000,000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyforatleasthalftheyearinkillinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemorethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykill,buttheyarehungrycreatures,notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.T.H.GILLESPIESparethatSpiderfromTheListenerNewwordsandexpressions生詞短語flocksandherds牛群和羊群／flCk/thebirdsofthesamefeatherflocktogether.物以類聚，人以群分youarethesameflock.也可指人herd多指牛群cowherdcowboythrongandcrowdswarmowe/[U/vt.感激,欠ioweyou.ioweyouabigfavor.欠issueobligeindebtappreciate常用口語詞正式：gratefulthankfulbeast/bi:st/n獸形容人野蠻無比，不能用animal形容creature可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性．fraction/＇frAkF[n/n.小部分分數(shù)，小數(shù)afractionofricewillsufficeonone＇sbehalf代表．．．利益Ibeatyouonyourbehalf.我打你是為你好onbehalfofsomebody/somethinge.gonbehalfofchinesegovernmentonbehalfof＝representauthority/C:＇WCriti/n.權(quán)威authorize批準authoritative權(quán)威性的authoritarian獨裁的－tarian帶有這種詞綴的詞都是壞詞dictator獨裁者dictatorial獨裁的authorities１．權(quán)威（可單數(shù)可復(fù)數(shù)）２．當局（復(fù)數(shù)）census/sens[s/n.統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)thefifthnationalpopulationcensus.censor審查,censorious挑剔的，挑刺的acre/＇eik[/n.英畝１acre＝４０４７squaremetersfootballpitch足球場footballyardfootballcourtfootballfieldbecontentwith滿足于滿足作表語，不能出現(xiàn)定語結(jié)構(gòu)Heiscontentwithstatusquo.contentedheart:心滿意足的人spare/spZ[/v.不傷害，寬恕sparemeHedoesn’tsparehimself.Isparenoeffortstolearnenglish.(sparenoefforts:不遺余力作什么)Notesonthetext課文注釋why,youmaywonder－youmaywonderwhy插入語先不管插入語，弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)youmaywonderwhyspidersshouldbeourfriends？插入語位置不固定why以疑問句開頭why,youmaywonder,theproblemofpollutionbefallshumanbeings.why,youmaywonder,oneofmyfriendsissokindhearted.destroy程度比damage要重得多，片甲不留，消滅光tearintopiecesgreatestenemies:天敵dyingenemycryingenemydearenemyhumanrace:人的種族，一般不加復(fù)數(shù)，表示一個總稱詞impossible和possible永遠不要以人開頭Itisimpossibleforsomebodytodosomething.likely可以以人做主語。iamlikelytobable也不以人做主語theywould表示假設(shè)devour狼吞虎咽devourthefoodmakeacakeofmyselfmakeagodofmyselfdevourthebookit虛擬語氣前面是主句，下面是條件句前面一般的加動詞devour,后面用一般過去時Ifitwerenotfor:如果這不是因為Iwouldnotsurviveifitwerenotforhistimelyhelp.butfor一定是虛擬語氣＝ifitwerenotforowe感激，欠ioweyou.引出主題allofthemputtogether:把他們堆到一起謂語動詞是killdestroyed后置定語，重心轉(zhuǎn)到spiderLesson3Matterhornman馬特霍恩山區(qū)人Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport,andthemoredifficultitis,themorehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringdays,however,thiswasnotthecaseatall.Theearlyclimberswerelookingfortheeasiestwaytothetopbecausethesummitwastheprizetheysought,especiallyifithadneverbeenattainedbefore.Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangersofthemostperilousnature,equippedinamannerwhichwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethought,buttheydidnotgooutoftheirwaytocourtsuchexcitement.Theyhadasingleaim,asolitarygoalthetop!Itishardforustorealizenowadayshowdifficultitwasforthepioneers.ExceptforoneortwoplacessuchasZermattandChamonix,whichhadrapidlybeepopular,Alpinevillagestendedtobeimpoverishedsettlementscutofffromcivilizationbythehighmountains.Suchinnsastherewereweregenerallydirtyandflearidden;thefoodsimplylocalcheeseacpaniedbybreadoftentwelvemonthsold,allwasheddownwithcoarsewine.Oftenavalleyboastednoinnatall,andclimbersfoundshelterwherevertheycouldsometimeswiththelocalpriest(whowasusuallyaspoorashisparishioners),sometimeswithshepherdsorcheesemakers.Invariablythebackgroundwasthesame:dirtandpoverty,andveryunfortable.Formenaccustomedtoeatingsevencoursedinnersandsleepingbetweenfinelinensheetsathome,thechangetotheAlpsmusthavebeenveryhardindeed.Newwordsandexpressions生詞短語1、alpinist(1.1)/'$lpinist/n．登山運動員climbermountaineer詞根：alpAlps(1.16)/$lps/n．阿爾卑斯山脈Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj．阿爾卑斯山的2、attain(1.4)/+'tein/v．到達togettotoarriveat/intoattainone’sgoal=realizetoattainthetop/peak/summit達到頂點attainyouth永葆青春attainment(n)attainments成就acplishment3、perilous(1.5)/'peril+s/adj．危險的peril（隨時可能出現(xiàn)的）危險avalanche雪崩4、shudder(1.5)/'M)d+/v．不寒而栗shudder:quickandsuddentremble:longandveryobviousquiver:excitement,maybecoldshiver:coldandnervous5、gooutofone’sway專門bytheway順路toomuchforme受不起6、court（multiplemeanings多義詞）1）朝廷朝臣courtier2）courteous彬彬有禮的3）法庭4）娛樂場足球場soccer/footballcourt高爾夫球場golfcourt5）追求6）招致驕兵必敗pridecourtsfailure7、solitary(1.6)/'s&lrt+ri/adj．唯一的sol獨solo獨唱獨奏solitude孤獨Iliveinsolitude.=Ilivealonelylife.8、pioneer(1.2)/?pai+'n+/v．開辟，倡導(dǎo)；n．先鋒，開辟者9、impoverish(11.910)/$m'p&v+rM/v．使貧困poor（口語詞）羅素名言：Agreatmanymanwillcheerfullyfaceinpoverishmentiftheycansecurepleteruinfortheirrival,hencepresentleveloftaxation.許多人會高興的面對貧困，如果他們能使對手落魄，因此出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)在的稅收水平。10、coarse(1.12)/k&:s/adj．粗劣的coarsethroat嗓子啞sorethroat嗓子發(fā)炎coarsefare粗糧refinedfair細糧coarseandrefinedinacoarsemanner粗暴無禮11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v．自恃有用法：以人作主語，夸耀；以物作主語，擁有Heboastedthatofhisknowledge.Thecenterboastsateamofhighqualify(qualifiedresearchers.)12、parishioner(1.13)/p+riM+n+/n．教區(qū)居民parish教區(qū)13、shepherd(1.14)/'Mep+d/n．牧羊人sheep?shep羊herd獸群14、linen(1.15)/'linin/n．亞麻布床單Notesonthetext課文注釋1、Route路線Road道路2、goodsports:stimulus刺激thrilling震撼、興奮3、regardregardsbwithsth(感情詞love\hatred\horror\respect)Dad,Iregardyouwithhorror.爸爸，我很害怕你。4、pineeringdays,ancient(先人時期)5、notatall根本不case這回事6、bedoing表達當時的行動（狀態(tài)）7、top:頂點summit山頂peak山頂Thesceneryisatthepeakofthemountain.無限風(fēng)光在險峰。Iamatthetopoftheworld.我在世界之巔。Summitmeeting峰會8、attain到達conquer征服9、beofthemostperilousnaturenature特點、特性themostperilousdifficultiesanddangers學(xué)會beofthe+adj+noun結(jié)構(gòu)Heisthekindestman.=Heisthemanofthekindestman.10、equipped表示當時的一種伴隨。11、inamanner以這樣的方式12、makesbdosth(省to結(jié)構(gòu))13、atthethought一想到，mention一提到,idea一想到這個結(jié)構(gòu)后面加介詞of原文即atthethoughtoftheirpoorequipment14、gooutofone’sway刻意intentionallyeyecatching引人注目的15、thereallivingconditions真實生存狀況16、nowadays插入語，現(xiàn)在回想起來，可在句首、句末17、exceptfor把其中的一部分扣除18、tendtobe傾向于19、settlement生存地、駐扎地20、cutoff=whicharecutoff21、flearidden跳蚤22、astheywere可以這么說，插入語還有asitwereThisbookis,asitwere,hislifeportrait.這本書，可是說，是他的人生寫照。23、local當?shù)氐?4、wine低度酒alcohol酒精alcoholic酒鬼25、boast擁有priest牧師shepherd牧羊人invariably=allthesame26、dirtandpoverty，andveryunfortable（結(jié)構(gòu)不符合習(xí)慣，不可學(xué)）27、course一道菜28、musthavebeen表推測29、beaccustomedto,beusedto+名詞、動名詞IamusedtothelifeinBejing.IamusedtolivinginBejing.30、早餐：scratchameal中午餐：snack快餐晚餐：dinner31、thechangetoEducationbringsgreatchangetohisoutlook/viewonlife.教育使他的面貌（對生活的看法）產(chǎn)生了很大變化。Lesson4Seeinghands看手IntheSovietUnionseveralcaseshavebeenreportedrecentlyofpeoplewhocanreadanddetectcolourswiththeirfingers,andevenseethroughsoliddoorsandwalls.Onecaseconcernsan'elevenyearoldschoolgirl,VeraPetrova,whohasnormalvisionbutwhocanalsoperceivethingswithdifferentpartsofherskin,andthroughsolidwalls.Thisabilitywasfirstnoticedbyherfather.Onedayshecameintohisofficeandhappenedtoputherhandsonthedoorofalockedsafe.Suddenlysheaskedherfatherwhyhekeptsomanyoldnewspaperslockedawaythere,andevendescribedthewaytheyweredoneupinbundles.Vera'scurioustalentwasbroughttothenoticeofascientificresearchinstituteinthetownofUIyanovsk,nearwhereshelives,andinAprilshewasgivenaseriesoftestsbyaspecialmissionoftheMinistryofHealthoftheRussianFederalRepublic.Duringthesetestsshewasabletoreadanewspaperthroughanopaquescreenand,strangerstill,bymovingherelbowoverachild'sgameofLottoshewasabletodescribethefiguresandcoloursprintedonit;and,inanotherinstance,wearingstockingsandslippers,tomakeoutwithherfoottheoutlinesandcoloursofapicturehiddenunderacarpet.Otherexperimentsshowedthatherkneesandshouldershadasimilarsensitivity.DuringallthesetestsVerawasblindfold;and,indeed,exceptwhenblindfoldshelackedtheabilitytoperceivethingswithherskin.ltwasalsofoundthatalthoughshecouldperceivethingswithherfingersthisabilityceasedthemomentherhandswerewet.Newwordsandexpressions生詞短語1、Perceive察覺，瞬間感覺到的tomakeout費盡心機辨出Ilookedthoroughlyformyelderlymother,finallyImakeherout.Yeah,Iremembered,Ifinallymakehimout.Iperceiveaflyinmyteacup.2、elbowone’sway(用肘)擠出elbowone’swayoutofthecrowed.擠出人群Notesonthetext課文注釋Flash中沒有詳細講解Lesson5NoRoomintheArk諾亞方舟無容身之地ThegorillaissomethingofaparadoxintheAfricanscene.Onethinksoneknowshimverywell.Forahundredyearsormorehehasbeenkilled,captured,andimprisoned,inzoos.Hisboneshavebeenmountedinnaturalhistorymuseumseverywhere,andhehasalwaysexertedastrongfascinationuponscientistsandromanticsalike.Heisthestereotypedmonsterofthehorrorfilmsandtheadventurebooks,andanobvious(thoughnotperhapsstrictlyscientific)linkwithourancestralpast.Yetthefactisweknowverylittleaboutgorillas.Noreallysatisfactoryphotographhaseverbeentakenofoneinawildstate,nozoologist,howeverintrepid,hasbeenabletokeeptheanimalundercloseandconstantobservationinthedarkjunglesinwhichhelives.CarlAkeley,theAmericannaturalist,ledtwoexpeditionsinthenineteentwenties,andnowliesburiedamongtheanimalshelovedsowell.Butevenhewasunabletodiscoverhowlongthegorillalives,orhoworwhyitdies,norwasheabletodefinetheexactsocialpatternofthefamilygroups,orindicatethefinalextentoftheirintelligence.AllthisandmanyotherthingsremainalmostasmuchamysteryastheywerewhentheFrenchexplorerDuChaillufirstdescribedtheanimaltothecivilizedworldacenturyago.TheAbominableSnowmanwhohauntstheimaginationofclimbersintheHimalayasishardlymoreelusive.Newwordsandexpressions生詞短語（goodarticle:fivestars該文寫得不錯。）the+n.(s)表示一類:thegorilla(s)scene場景intheAfricanscene:Africaasthebackgroundgatherpalace聚集地somethingofaparadox自相矛盾（人對猩猩的觀點）contradictoryideasabouthim主題句：Onethinksoneknowshimverywell.問題：Yetthefactisweknowverylittleaboutgorillas.Theirideasvary。人們對他的觀點相差很大。Forahundredyearsormore一百年甚至更多（包括一百年）Formorethanonehundredyears一百多年西方，動物一般用人稱代替。本文中，gorillas用him代替。另外有：cat–she,dog–he.imprisoned關(guān)起來圈養(yǎng)bemountedinnaturalhistorymuseums陳列在自然歷史博物館重點句型：Heexertastrongfascinationupon(on)Sb.施加給人們強大的魅力exert…on…施加（壓力）impose…on…,例如imposeinfluenceon,imposepressureon上句可表示為HehaveastrongfascinationforSb.或ThegorillaisalwaysfascinatingtoSb.alikeadv.相同，一樣adj.只能做表語。例如：Thetwoarealike.這兩人真像。形容詞只要以a開頭，99.99%都做表語。不能做定語詞。例如：asleep,awake,afloat等Heisthestereotypedmonsterofthehorrorfilmsandtheadventurebooks.stereotyped–oldtime老樣子horrorfilms恐怖片film(英)movie(美)thestereotypedmonster經(jīng)典模式省略主語and(heis)anobvious(…)linkwithourancestralpastlinkwith…與…相聯(lián)系ourancestralpast(n.)throughnotperhapsstriklyscientific盡管話說回來，不是嚴格的科學(xué)概念through引導(dǎo)的從句主語和主句相同，可以省略。Eg:Iarrivedatthemeeting,though(Iwas)late.Yet與however，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意思完全相同。但yet用在句首，however加標點，可以用在自由位置。重要句型：Noreallysatisfactoryphotographhaseverbeentakenofonein…Takepicture/photograph照相ofone定語后置，satisfactoryphotographofone。主要是為了句子的平衡。One指gorillainawildstate在野生狀態(tài)下keepthe…under…observation把某事處于觀察之下keepthecityclean保持城市清潔closeandconstantobservation持續(xù)不斷的觀察Eg:Ihavetokeeptheboyunderclosecontrol.Tocontroltheboyverystrikly.插入語：howeverintrepid=nomatterhowintrepid無論多么英勇Eg:Noman,howeverintelligent,isperfect.Nopalace,howeverpeacefulandtranquil,isaparadise.liesburiedhereamongtheanimalshelovedsowell埋葬在他所鐘愛的動物中間形容詞做狀語：lieawake,liecrouchedlifespan壽命howlongthegorillalives因為猩猩的壽命客觀存在，所以live用一般現(xiàn)代時。Organ’sdecay器官衰竭Nor引導(dǎo)否定并列句，與unable并列生活方式：groupliving,individualliving智力：intelligence–IQ,intelligenceqoutientCIA–theCentralIntelligenceAgencyofAmericaCID–CriminalinvestigationDivision重案組，罪犯調(diào)查科Allthisandmanyotherthingremain(amostasmuch)amystery(as)theywere.asmuchas同thesameas…remainamysterythesameastheywere.Heisasmuchamusicianasawriter.=Heisbothamusicianandawriter.civilizedworld文明世界savagedworld野生世界civilized:togetawayfromwildlife中文中的“文明單位”不能用civilized,應(yīng)該用model或pacesettingunitI’mapacesoldiery。我是排頭兵。TheAbominableSnowmanwhohauntstheimaginationofclimbersintheHimalayasishardlymoreelusive.那縈繞在喜馬拉雅山爬山者腦海中的那種令人難以捉摸的雪人，看起來也不一定比我們研究的大猩猩更加令人費盡心思。（通過側(cè)面比較，引出結(jié)論，一種有用的寫作方法）AbominableSnowman作比較，省略gorillaLesson6Youth青年P(guān)eoplearealwaystalkingabout'theproblemofyouth'.Ifthereisone—whichItakeleavetodoubtthenitisolderpeoplewhocreateit,nottheyoungthemselves.Letusgetdowntofundamentalsandagreethattheyoungareafterallhumanbeingspeoplejustliketheirelders.Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanoldmanandayoungone:theyoungmanhasagloriousfuturebeforehimandtheoldonehasasplendidfuturebehindhim:andmaybethatiswheretherubis.WhenIwasateenager,IfeltthatIwasjustyounganduncertainthatIwasanewboyinahugeschool,andIwouldhavebeenverypleasedtoberegardedassomethingsointerestingasaproblem.Foronething,beingaproblemgivesyouacertainidentity,andthatisoneofthethingstheyoungarebusilyengagedinseeking.Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedom,andtheyhavenotadrearymitmenttomeanambitionsorloveoffort.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimbers,andtheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.Allthisseemstometolinkthemwithlife,andtheoriginsofthings.It'sasiftheywereinsomesensecosmicbeingsinviolentanlovelycontrastwithussuburbancreatures.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.Hemaybeconceited,illmannered,presumptuousoffatuous,butIdonotturnforprotectiontodrearyclichesaboutrespectforeldersasifmereagewereareasonforrespect.Iacceptthatweareequals,andIwillarguewithhim,asanequal,ifIthinkheiswrong.Newwordsandexpressions生詞短語sb.takeleavetodosth.允許某人做某事，冒昧做某事getdowntosth.認真研究getdownto+名詞／動名詞glorious光輝燦爛的rub難題teenager青少年foronething原因之一，有一點是…連接詞…foranotheridentity身份airoffreedom無拘無束air:神態(tài)、氣勢dreary沉郁的ambition追名逐利cosmicbeing宇宙人humanbeing人violent強烈的，暴力的suburban見識不廣的，有偏見的conceited自高自大的presumptuous自以為是的，放肆的fatuous愚蠢的cliché陳詞濫調(diào)Itakeleavetosay…我冒昧地說…Itakeleavetobefrank恕我直言?？谡Z：maybeI’mtoobold…or.I’mboldenough…or.Allowmyselftosay…Takeone’sleave=takeleave離開（正式用法）Wouldyoupleasetakeyourleave?我很煩的幾種表示法：Whatabore.Whatanuisance.WhatatrialWhatajerk.getdownto+名詞/動名詞例：我開始學(xué)習(xí)了。Igetdowntomystudies.Igetdowntolearningmybook.to介詞同義詞：beengagedingloriousgloryn.光榮（rosy,shining,brilliant,magnificent,gorgeous）inone’sglory:在某人的鼎盛時期inone’sdayinone’sgoldendaysinone’sprimetimeintheprideofone’sliferub摩擦atodds有矛盾havewordswithsb.和…拌嘴Doyougettherub?Doyougetthepicture?Doyoucatchme?Doyougetme?What’stherange?問年齡Teenager14到Underthirteen.Adolescent:13到Juvenile青少年Youth20到Air:神態(tài)（多用復(fù)數(shù)）Healwaysputsonairs.擺譜Arrogantairs:傲氣Bureaucraticairs:官氣Finickyairs嬌氣Dreary同:drearisomea.無味，無聊Sterile:枯燥無味Monotonous:乏味無聊Gloomy：沉悶Lifeless:無生氣的Ihaveambitionforgoingabroad/togaoabroad.Fish…(wealthandfame)Chase…(fameandgains)Pursue…Cosmic宇宙Cosmonaut宇航員=astronautAstro/aster天體DisasterCosmicplace:大都市Metropolis:大都市Violentnonviolence非暴力狂風(fēng)：violentwind暴死：violentdeathvehement猛烈的同義詞：turbulenttumultuoussuburb郊區(qū)urbane:有禮貌的shortsighted目光短淺的narroeminded/smallmindedinsular絕緣，目光短淺的provincialconceited自高自大的驕傲的conceit(n.)pride自豪bigheaded頭發(fā)脹的cocky自負的chicken膽小鬼sweller膨脹的overconfidentpeoplearealwaystalkingabout‘theproblemofyouth’.Aretalking_到目前為止一直討論‘theproblemofyouth’加引號，引用。whichItakeleavetodoubt插入語“我冒昧的說”，表示懷疑Ifthereisany,同樣表示懷疑straightforward開門見山itisolderpeoplewhocreatit.—強調(diào)句letus(speakerexclusive)–Let’s(speakerinclusive)getdowntofundamentalsfundamental=basic基本的fundamentalist信奉正統(tǒng)基督教的人afterall–退一步like–(介詞)省略了謂語arepeoplearejustlijetheireldersgloriousfuture光輝的未來splendidfuture光輝的未來（已過去的，對老年人而言）wheretherubis癥結(jié)所在，問題就出在這hatred:憎恨ironical諷刺的，用反語的uncertain后面省略用法Iwouldhavebeen虛擬語氣Something重要的東西Youaresomebody.你是重要人物So..as…后置定語出色：outstandingstandout站出來，鶴立雞群cutfigure嶄露頭角oneofthethings正是其中之一seeking=lookingforexciting令人激動的airoffreedom無拘無束=carefree,freedomfromcaremitment專注(to+名詞/動名詞)love=seek追求mean意味著，小氣卑鄙=disgustinganxious虎視眈眈的polish擦，磨applepolisher溜須拍馬bootlicker拍馬屁者nodevotionto熱愛（貶）materialthings物質(zhì)享受tome在我看來（插入語）life生機lifeless沒生機的，死氣沉沉的linkwith把什么聯(lián)系起來origin起源original原本的asif虛擬假設(shè)insomesence可以這么說吧（插入語）incontrastwith與…比較violent強烈=stronglovely生動的，完美的后置的同位語suburbancreatures前面用得是–cosmicbeingsmediocre平庸的idol偶像idiot傻瓜conceited自負illmannered粗暴presumptuous自以為是的fatuous愚蠢無比的turnforprotectionto尋求保護turnto求助dreary=boringcliché沉郁的cliché陳詞濫調(diào)，老生常談Lesson7Thesportingspirit運動精神IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenations,andthatifonlythemonpeoplesoftheworldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclinationtomeetonthebattlefield.Evenifonedidn'tknowfromconcreteexamples(the1936OlympicGames,forinstance)thatinternationalsportingcontestsleadtoorgiesofhatred,onecoulddeduceitfromgeneralprinciples.Nearlyallthesportspractisednowadaysarepetitive.Youplaytowin,andthegamehaslittlemeaningunlessyoudoyourutmosttowin.Onthevillagegreen,whereyoupickupsidesandnofeelingoflocalpatriotismisinvolved,itispossibletoplaysimplyforthefunandexercise:butassoonasthequestionofprestigearises,assoonasyoufeelthatyouandsomelargerunitwillbedisgracedifyoulose,themostsavagebativeinstinctsarearoused.Anyonewhohasplayedeveninaschoolfootballmatchknowsthis.Attheinternationallevelsportisfranklymimicwarfare.Butthesignificantthingisnotthebehaviouroftheplayersbuttheattitudeofthespectators:and,behindthespectators,ofthenations.whoworkthemselvesintofuriesovertheseabsurdcontests,andseriouslybelieveatanyrateforshortperiodsthatrunning,jumpingandkickingaballaretestsofnationalvirtue.Newwordsandexpressions生詞短語goodwilln.友好prestigen.聲譽cricketn.板球disgracevt.使丟臉inclinationn.意愿savagen.野性的contestn.比賽bativea.好斗的orgyn.恣意，放蕩franklyad.坦率地deducevt.推斷mimica.與….極相似petitivea.競爭性的behaveiour行動pickup隨意挑選spectatotorn.觀眾siden.隊word….into…..引起……注意patriotismn.地方觀念愛國主義furyn.狂熱involvevt.卷入absurda.荒唐的atanyrate無論……,至少…….Notesonthevocabularies詞語注釋goodwill=friendshipn.友好goodwillgames:友好運動會goodwillvisit:友好訪問payagoodwillvisittoofficialvisit:官方正式訪問statevisit:國事訪問cricketn.板球asmerryasacricket(蟋蟀)形容心情高興，快樂無比inclinationn.意愿inclinev.beinclinedtodosth表示強烈的意愿Iaminclinedtotaketoefl.willingshowinclinationtofollowone'sinclination隨心所欲contestn.比賽近義詞：petitiongamematchtournamentracecontest:agroupofjudgesbeautycontest選美比賽petition:socially抽象使用Socialpetitionisfierce.Dogeatdog.人吃人。形容競爭激烈。game:physically,mentallymatch:quiteimportantChinawonthe2002WorldCupmatch.tournament:淘汰賽，巡回賽。race:以速度見長cycleracing自行車比賽carracing賽車orgyn.恣意，放蕩revelryin狂歡Irevelryinmysuccess.onaspreeThegirlisonashopingspree.petitivebative貶義詞同aggressivepetitive褒義詞／中性詞petitor競爭者petewithsb.forsth.pickup隨意挑選side隊patriotismn.地方觀眾，愛國主義patriot:愛國者patriotic:愛國的involvevt.卷入involveoneselfinscandalbeinvolvedinprestigen.聲譽prestigiousa.享有聲譽的Qinghuauniversityisveryprestigious.近義詞：famerenown(renowned著名的)reputationeminencedisgracevt.使丟臉grace,gracefulgracelessdisgraceful丟臉Youressayisveryguaceful.famedefamehonordishonorstigmaa(污點)vt.stigmatizeRobberystigmatizeshim.savagen.野性的inhuman殘忍無比nonhuman（非人類的）mercymercilessruthruthlessbeastlybativea.好斗的franklyad.坦率地Franklyspeaking(Tobefrank)坦白的說candid坦白的straightly直率的mimica.與……相似mimic只用作定語similar可作定語和表語Ourideasaresimilar.Wehavesimilarideas.alike只作表語Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所見略同。behaviour行動舉止Behaveoneself.規(guī)矩點兒。attituden.態(tài)度spectatorn.觀眾audience聽眾audial聽visualspectacle:壯麗景色；眼鏡viewer電視觀眾work…into…引起…注意…into