考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)總結(jié)

考博輔導(dǎo)：考博英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)總結(jié)（8）三、混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣

有時(shí)主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)需要用混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在這種情況下，主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指代的時(shí)間不同，所以我們又可以錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，在這種虛擬情況，動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活使用，在做這些題目時(shí)候尤其要注意每道題目的提示語(yǔ)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。絕大多數(shù)情況下，從句或者主句都有相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這是我解題的關(guān)鍵。

If

youthat

late

movie

last

night,

you

wouldn’t

be

so

sleepy.

A.

haven’t

watched

B.

didn’t

watch

C.

hadn’t

watched

D.

wouldn’t

have

watched答案選C。

Many

dead

would

now

be

alive

if

they

have

not

attempted

to

return

for

something.

Had

Paul

received

six

more

votes

in

the

last

election,

he

would

be

our

chairman

now.

混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣還有一種情況就是事實(shí)和虛擬假設(shè)的混合句，這樣的句子不僅僅是時(shí)間的不同，而重要是事實(shí)和假設(shè)的混合。

I

would

have

gone

to

visit

him

in

the

hospital

had

it

been

at

all

possible,

but

I

was

fully

occupied

the

whole

of

last

week.

該句前半部分是假設(shè)虛擬，而后半部分是事實(shí)的陳述。

Your

math

instructor

would

have

been

happy

to

give

you

a

make-up

examination

had

you

gone

and

explained

that

your

parents

were

ill

at

the

time.

該句前半句用的是假設(shè)虛擬，后半句主句也用的是假設(shè)虛擬（如果你去并且解釋的話），但是后半句的從句用的是事實(shí)語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)椤案改覆×恕笔强陀^事實(shí)，故不需要用虛擬形式had

been。

四、含蓄虛擬條件句

含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來(lái)暗示存在虛擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為if引導(dǎo)的條件句。常來(lái)表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：

（1）介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如but

for,

but

that,

without,

in

case

of,

under

more

favorable

condition等。

the

leadership

of

the

party,

we

could

not

be

living

a

happy

today.=If

there

hadn’t

been

the

leadership

of

the

party,

we

could

not

be

living

a

happy

today.

A.

In

spite

of

B.

But

for

C.

Because

of

D.

As

for答案選B。

But

that

she

was

afraid,

she

would

have

said

no.

(2)連詞，如：so

that,

unless,

in

case,

supposing,

lest,

provided(倘若……)，for

fear

that(唯恐)，in

order

that,

on

condition

that,

if

only(要是……就好了)等。

She

listened

carefully

in

order

that

she

might

discover

exactly

what

he

wante

D.=if

she

listened

carefully

,she

might

discover

exactly

what

he

wante

D.

If

only

I

had

more

money,

I

could

buy

a

car.

(注：lest,

for

fear

that

和

in

case

引起的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形，但可以不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用動(dòng)詞的陳述語(yǔ)氣形式。)例如：

The

foreign

teacher

spoke

slowly

in

case

we

misunderstood

him.

這位外籍教師說(shuō)得很慢以免我們聽不懂。

Care

must

be

taken

in

using

this

method

lest

overflow

should

occur.在使用此法時(shí)要小心謹(jǐn)慎，以免會(huì)發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。

（3）通過(guò)上下文及內(nèi)在含義，句中往往有but,

otherwise,

unfortunately等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。

I

thought

the

childrenwhen

we

returned

home,

but

they

were

still

awake.

A.

were

sleeping

B.

would

be

sleeping

C.

had

been

sleeping

D.

would

sleep選擇

B。

(4)形容詞及其比較級(jí)

A

more

careful

person

would

not

have

made

so

many

mistakes.

A

less

conscientious

man

wouldn’t

have

tried

so

hard

to

get

this

job

done.

(5)分詞短語(yǔ)

Having

known

in

time,

we

might

have

prevented

the

accident.

Born

ten

days

earlier,

the

boy

could

have

seen

his

late

father.

(6)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned

或

was/were+不定式完成式或had

intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虛擬。

I

intended

I

should

call

on

you,

but

I

was

busy

at

that

time.

To

hear

him

speak

French,

you

would

take

him

for

an

Englishman.

She

would

be

stupid

not

to

accept

his

invitation.

It

would

be

easier

to

do

it

this

way.

(7)名詞短語(yǔ)和名詞+and結(jié)構(gòu)

A

judicious

man

would

not

have

committed

suicide.

A

diligent

student

would

have

worked

harder.

(8)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

All

things

considered,

the

price

would

be

reasonable.

(9)定語(yǔ)從句

Anyone

who

had

been

in

your

position

would

have

done

the

same.

A

nation,

which

stopped

working,

would

be

dead

in

a

fortnight.

(10)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式暗示虛擬語(yǔ)氣：

I

should

have

called

to

make

an

airline

reservation,

but

I

didn’t.

The

porter

ought

to

have

called

the

fire-brigade

as

soon

as

he

saw

the

fire

in

the

stock,

which

went

up

in

smoke.

(11)動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬

動(dòng)詞原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一種虛擬，最常見于正式文體中，動(dòng)詞原形一般用在條件從句中，有時(shí)倒裝置于句首，同時(shí)這種用法也常見于獨(dú)立句中表達(dá)愿望。